Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2nd generation
All rights reserved – Centro Software - This publication is to be considered a functional description for information purposes only and the producer reserves the right to make any changes to the products without notice.
Customers are required to view the product previously to determine whether the services are appropriate for their needs. Customers are also responsible for the selection, use and results obtained from the products themselves.
To fasten and control production process and
goods handling, to optimize stock, to increase
sales, to interact in real time with outsiders
(customers, suppliers, agents and technicians),
to simplify administration and control, these are
only some of the advantages of SAM ERP2 2nd
generation ERP, designed and developed by Centro
Software.
a company life-cycle
PRODUCTION
SUPPLIERS products
and services
raw materials,
PURCHASE SALES CUSTOMERS
power, work
03 Increase sales
TECHNICAL/SALES CONFIGURATION fastens projecting phase. A guide to the compilation of technical data simplifies the drafting of offers,
even the most complex ones. Moreover, ERP integration and “GEOMARKETING” enables to find and display on the map the position of
prospects clients and customers, and to make the best decision as far as logistics, offers and/or budget are concerned.
Industry 4.0
The 10 strengths are now complemented by Industry 4.0, the fourth industrial revolution, which enables the ERP application to interconnect
and communicate in real time with production systems using low-cost wireless connections, digital technologies and sensors. Using second-
generation ERP software (ERP2), all management processes, including administrative, logistical and commercial processes, are now therefore
connected in real time to the entire production and distribution chain, the market, the network of agents, external technicians and the whole
supply chain.
TECHNICIANS
WORK SITES
SELLERS
SUPPLIERS ENTERPRISE
CUSTOMERS
BANKS AGENTS
BRANCHES
THE STRUCTURE OF ERP SOLUTION
C.R.M. PURCHASES, WAREHOUSES PRODUCTION
MARKETING and SERVICES and LOGISTICS and PLANNING
SALES QUALITY
04 Area PURCHASE,
02 Area C.R.M. (Marketing and Services) WAREHOUSE and LOGISTICS
q CRM1 - MARKETING (pre-sale and after-sale) q PURCHASE
q CRM2 - SERVICE and ASSISTANCE (after-sale) q WEB SUPPLIER PORTAL
q Integration with GEO-MARKETING q WAREHOUSE e STOCK
q WEB MARKETING PORTAL (CRM1) q TRACEABILITY (LOTS and SERIAL Numbers)
q WEB SERVICE PORTAL (CRM2) q BWS LOGISTICS (Wireless Handling with BAR-CODE)
q VENDING (Sale Attempt) q PURCHASE STATISTICS and Supplier Evaluation
q SFA (Sales Force Automation) q TRANSPORT SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT
q Warehouse CROSS-ANALYSIS and ABC classification
05 Area PRODUCTION 08 Area MANAGEMENT MONITORING
q PRODUCT LIFE-CYCLE MANAGEMENT (PLM) DESIGN and integration q BUDGET and Balance Sheet ANALYSIS
q MRP-I PLANNING q ANALYTICAL ACCOUNTS and COST ACCOUNTING
q MRP-II INFINITE-capacity SCHEDULING (CRP) q CALCULATION OF PROFIT MARGIN (orders)
q MRP-II FINITE-capacity SCHEDULING (FCS)
q ANALYSIS OF CONTRACTS AND WORK ORDERS
q OPERATIONAL PRODUCTION
q MULTI-DIVISIONAL ACCOUNTING
q production SITES
q CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
q ORDER PROGRESS MONITORING (MES)
q IAS/IFRS FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
q INDUSTRY 4.0, MONITORING
q Advanced Statistics
q CMMS MAINTENANCE AND PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
q BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE and DATA MINING
06 Area QUALITY
q QUALITY CONTROL 09 Area INTERCOMPANY,
q TEST CYCLES
FOREIGN BRANCHES,
COMMUNICATIONS
q EQUIPMENT and MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
q MULTI-LANGUAGE
q “NON-CONFORMITY” management
q VOIP Desk (IP Telephony)
q RESOURCES and COMPETENCE
q E-MAIL Interface
SALES QUALITY
Enterprises which constantly develop and WORK FLOW Design & Control
improve their production process always All business processes are defined as a set of rules: documents,
information and tasks (“TO DO LIST”) are automatically transmitted from
achieve important results: a relevant one role to the other and are validated step by step by the “Rules Virtual
Machine”.
increase of information flow results in a
better individual productivity, internal BPM (Business Process Modeler)
communication, services as well as working A framework of tools for the rapid design and development of application
rules, layouts and programs. For each user, role or context, the company
conditions and atmosphere, and reduces manager can set up the optimum procedure usage flow to increase
working times and operating costs. individual productivity and process safety.
Personal DASHBOARD
SAM ERP2 desktop turns into a personal desktop: graphics and synthesis
data, both internal and external, can be added to keep our daily activity
updated.
Automatic Article CODING 2. external “counter-parties”: Customers, Suppliers, Banks, Agents,
Employees, Carriers – each of them set up with addresses, names,
It defines the items coding rules. It controls code generation process. delivery terms and conditions, payment terms, banks, accounting
Article searching is carried out through “talking code”. counterparts, datasheet, etc.
3. general tables: Reasons for Goods Handling, Delivery Terms and
CLASSIFIERS (technical and commercial) Conditions, Warehouse Allocations, Geographic Areas, Employees
and Collaborators, Departments and Cost Centers, Product Lines,
Alongside standard classifiers, it generates further special fields. Their
Bank Conditions, etc.
application depends on the specific requirements of the various business
areas.
DOCUMENTS archiving system
SIZES and COLOURS All paper documents are integrated into the archiving system: all issued
and received documents are automatically archived and linked to the
It includes and controls all product versions, in order to classify all
related objects in the company database which allows a complementary
articles belonging to the same code and model, but having different size
archive in accordance to the law regulations. Upon authorization, web
and/ or color: sizes, colors, type of article, metric scale per country, range
interface allows to have access to all documents anytime and anywhere.
of seasonal colors, etc. determine the specific finishes that characterise
Preliminary stages, CRM projects as well as the collection of technical/
each single product in sale and production processes.
sale documents of competitors and service assistance, etc. are made
easier by this documents archiving system.
ARTICLES, Counter-parties, Tables
(Module BASIS)
It controls all information and data used and shared by the modules of
ERP system:
1. products and articles: components, semifinished products and
end products may be classified under various units of measure (per
purchase, warehouse, handling, production,
sale); may belong to families, groups,
homogeneous categories, discount classes,
ranges of commission; may have preferential
warehouse positions (allocations), various
types of stock management, purchase and sale
conditions (minimum order quantity, warranty,
etc.) and a datasheet in which all sort of
information (features, instructions for use, rules
or peculiar warnings, etc.) can be recorded in
various languages;
02
area
C.R.M. PURCHASES, WAREHOUSES PRODUCTION
MARKETING and SERVICES and LOGISTICS and PLANNING
SALES QUALITY
C.R.M. ADMINISTRATIVE
and FINANCIAL
MANAGEMENT
WORKFLOW, BPM
and COMMON DATA
SALES QUALITY
ADMINISTRATIVE
and FINANCIAL
MANAGEMENT
WORKFLOW, BPM
and COMMON DATA
SALES MANAGEMENT
CONTROL
SECURITY and
DEVELOPMENT
INTERCOMPANY and
COMMUNICATIONS
WAREHOUSES ADMINISTRATIVE
and FINANCIAL
MANAGEMENT
WORKFLOW, BPM
and COMMON DATA
SALES QUALITY
PRODUCTION ADMINISTRATIVE
and FINANCIAL
MANAGEMENT
WORKFLOW, BPM
and COMMON DATA
MRP-I PLANNING
The amount of goods to be purchased and produced determines a
significant stock optimization and reduction of storage costs. The related
delivery date, warehouse stock as well as “dynamic availability” (booked
or shortfall amount, demands related to sale or production orders
already confirmed and purchase or production orders already issued,
and sale forecast - MPS) are considered too; supply programs, open sale
orders, framework agreements and “calling orders” are monitored too.
According to the required delivery date, the system suggests the orders
(purchase, production orders or contract work) to the most appropriate
suppliers highlighting all the possible critical points.
MRP-II SCHEDULING
at UNLIMITED capacity (CRP)
Division of work to human resources and business plants (first stage
machining) according to the sequence of orders and the relations
between production stages and production cells. Through workload
analysis, possible critical situations are spotted and the resources
required to satisfy the market’s needs are identified. Daily workload can
be displayed for each division (highlighting orders and customers) and
Gantt diagram for each production order.
FINITE-CAPACITY (FCS) Production PROGRESS monitoring (MES)
MRP II SCHEDULING Real-time monitoring of the status and use of resources (machines,
systems, personnel) by means of a synoptic panel; reading of production
Allocation of jobs to company resources, with a forecast of dates of times, including by means of barcodes; self-learning of work cycles, time
delivery and availability of products, not only on the basis of order and attendance of personnel for the balancing of hours, graphs for
planning (MRP-I), but also on the basis of the company’s actual production conducting instant checks on the output of each resource, maintenance of
capacity, in other words taking account of machines, systems, calendars, systems and machinery, line-side qualitative measurement of processes;
priorities and relationships between processing phases, production cells these measurements (characteristic, conformity, measurement, visual
and departments or cost centers. To enable immediate checking and a inspection, etc.) can be performed at specified time intervals or when
comprehensive response, the application offers “dispatch lists” (work a given quantitative threshold has been reached. In particular, the OEE
sequences on each production resource), “queue” analysis and Gantt panel (Overall Equipment Effectiveness), which can also be used in web-
charts for each Production Order, on which it is possible to take action based mode, measures the total effectiveness of each system in real
via a graphic interface to change the scheduling, with the option of time and highlights the 3 key factors for manufacturing: availability,
processing and storing various scheduling plans. productivity (i.e. efficiency) and quality.
The full configuration of the “heuristics” offers the best planning of the
use of systems and resources, by balancing - for example - setup times in
relation to expected delivery dates, thanks to the possibility of quickly CMMS
accessing various scenarios before “freezing” the plan to be “dispatched”, The CMMS module (Computerized Maintenance Management System)
either manually or automatically, to the MES and monitoring stations. manages the maintenance of company systems and equipment, and
suggests three possible courses of action - “check”, “replace” or
OPERATIONAL PRODUCTION “repair” - before any malfunctions occur. This makes it possible to plan
maintenance downtimes in advance and schedule them at the most
Overall executive production management and monitoring, both
appropriate moments, thus optimizing plant usage.
within the company and by external suppliers: production orders,
bills of materials, production sheets, “collection” check (for batches Full integration with the MES, WMS and the entire ERP system therefore
of production orders or orders), work in progress, timing analysis, makes it possible to plan purchases, parts stocks and the recording of
contract work and outsourcing, immediate check and valorisation actual costs per plant, department and machine, as well as complete
of accomplished production stages, work in progress, and materials management of maintenance orders (MOs) and Emergency Work Orders
availability. (EWOs) The following are some of the most effective KPIs available:
MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures for critical machines or in general),
Production SITES MTTR (Mean Time To Repair), MRT (Mean Repair Time).
Management and monitoring of public and industrial production sites:
quotations and prices for works, management and location of means
and tools, material handling, daily reports, cost check (labour, materials,
tools, general costs, amortization), profit, work in progress, final balance
(cost/benefit) and statistics.
06
area
C.R.M. PURCHASES, WAREHOUSES PRODUCTION
MARKETING and SERVICES and LOGISTICS and PLANNING
SALES QUALITY
ADMINISTRATIVE
and FINANCIAL
MANAGEMENT
WORKFLOW, BPM
and COMMON DATA
QUALITY MANAGEMENT
CONTROL
SECURITY and
DEVELOPMENT
INTERCOMPANY and
COMMUNICATIONS
EQUIPMENT and
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
Maintenance procedures and rules, distribution lists of documents and
operating procedures (quality manual) as well as automatic bill book (for
the equipment “state”) are available for the equipment used in quality
control.
Management of “NON-CONFORMITY”
Detection and formalization of internal and external non-conformities
attributable to non-fulfillment of requirements relating to products
or services, with recommendations for possible corrective actions
and complaints to suppliers, automatically distributed and shared by
various means including the supplier portal.
RESOURCES and COMPETENCE
The “intangible value” of both internal and external human resources,
included in the Vision 2000 – ISO 9004, is managed and monitored:
organizational processes and procedures, infrastructures, courses, job
descriptions, skills, training programs, past experiences and ambitions.
A business dashboard is available and used to identify all resources
(employees, collaborators, suppliers, contacts), to monitor their
improvement and suggestions (related to processes, product lines,
products or structures) and to motivate them with incentives and
rewards. The goals are: to boost proactive behaviour and creativity, to
check the effectiveness of what is being taught and to increase one’s own
self-consciousness about their role in the achievement of the company
quality goals.
07
area
C.R.M. PURCHASES, WAREHOUSES PRODUCTION
MARKETING and SERVICES and LOGISTICS and PLANNING
SALES QUALITY
GENERAL ACCOUNTING
Registration of all accounting processes to complete and secure tax
and “civil” compliance. The functions linked to memorandum book are
fully automatic and VAT-compliant. Among those there are: automatic
management of compensations, protocols, different registers, “multi-
currency”, “temporary” or “ex-budget” movements, payments on
open batches, trial balances, statements of accounts and reminders,
prepayments and accrued income, withholding tax and welfare
Other tax compliance
deduction (paying-in slips are printed out and payments to recipients All tax compliance procedures are carried out: WEEE (Waste Electrical and
are certified), enasarco, export plafond, data conversion for customers- Electronic Equipment), CONAI (National Packaging Consortium), Black
suppliers lists, etc. List – customers/suppliers list; integrated management of withholding
tax; connection to tax proceedings of Il Sole 24 Ore Adempimenti 24: VAT
return (annual VAT return, VAT return, received declarations of intent),
CASH MANAGEMENT Form 770, Tax Return Form 24, Certifications for Compensations (for
Monitoring of bill books and operations linked to cash movements: Form 770), European Budget, On-line PAYROLL processing of Il Sole 24
advice of payment to suppliers, notice of expiry, reminder letters to Ore, etc.
customers, cash order or collection order, unpaid products or services,
calculation of default interest, bill of exchange, automatic reconciliation Foreign accounting localization
of bank movements through CBI, etc.
SAM ERP2 is equipped with accounting localization and related fiscal
adaptations for the world’s main business areas: ASIA (China, India,
FINANCIAL management Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Turkey, etc.) MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA (Egypt,
The company’s cash flow is regularly checked and monitored in order to Israel, Kuwait, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, etc.), EUROPE (Germany,
manage cash management in the best possible way. In particular, if costs France, Spain, Portugal, Romania, Russia, United Kingdom, etc.) AMERICA
and benefits “before-accounts” (purchase or sale orders, transportation (Canada, Mexico, United States, Brazil, Argentina, Australia etc.).
documents, etc.) and temporary memorandum book (scheduled loans, Consult www.centrosoftware.com for an updated list of supported tax
leasing, insurance, wages, tax, etc.) are used, cash flow can be simulated systems.
for cash and for each bank account (ordinary current account, credit line
under reserve, etc.).Net availability (credit-balance) can be highlighted
and monitored as well as risk exposure for the single customer.
ASSETS
Monitoring and management of all depreciable goods and assets
(material and immaterial), and a particular focus on their location and
lifecycle (purchase, increase, revaluation,
total or partial alienation, etc.).
Amortization can be simulated, fiscal
and “civil” book value can be calculated
as well as maintenance costs and assets
too, etc.
08
area
C.R.M. PURCHASES, WAREHOUSES PRODUCTION
MARKETING and SERVICES and LOGISTICS and PLANNING
SALES QUALITY
MANAGEMENT ADMINISTRATIVE
and FINANCIAL
MANAGEMENT
WORKFLOW, BPM
and COMMON DATA
MONITORING MANAGEMENT
CONTROL
SECURITY and
DEVELOPMENT
INTERCOMPANY and
COMMUNICATIONS
Nowadays companies face markets and BUDGET and BALANCE SHEET ANALYSIS
economic contingencies which change very Comparison between Forecast budget data and final balance data
(general accounting); budget reclassification, budget management for
rapidly and continuously. In order to take the orders, cost centers or business areas, and following comparison with
the final data highlighted in analytical accounts.
right steps in such a dynamic environment,
companies must master advanced control
ANALYTICAL ACCOUNTS and
instruments: not only analytical accounts COST ACCOUNTING
which calculate in real time profit margin for Detailed allocation of costs and revenues according to destination and
pursuing 2 main goals: bookkeeping per order (which arises analytical
products, orders, divisions, etc. but also budgets for areas, agents, items, etc., and profit margin is calculated)
and bookkeeping per cost centre (out of which arise the costs for each
Business Intelligence, Advanced Statistics and division and the costs for each work are calculated – gross cost per hour
Data Mining which allow the managerial of both staff and plants). Bookkeeping per business area (or division)
budgets are generated per branch, production line, business areas etc.
and administrative staff to take the best can be generated while “full-cost” analysis derives from sharing direct
and indirect costs by means of customizable “analytical drivers”.
decisions for the company.
CALCULATION OF PROFIT MARGIN (orders)
Simplified and easy-to-understand functions help to calculate profit
margin for each single order, invoice or customer.
ANALYSIS OF CONTRACTS
and WORK ORDERS
Companies that work on a “Make-to-Order” basis with multi-year work
orders can manage Budgets, Actual Values and Forecasts for the various
specification items regarding individual systems/machines/projects or
entire lines, and calculate the percentage of progress necessary to fulfill
the obligations laid down by accounting principles covering work to
order in progress (SIC 23). This tool is also crucial for preparing annual
financial statements and consistent interim statements, defining costs
and revenues to be suspended, calculating total margins or margins on
individual items of specifications, and generally monitoring the economic
progress of entries.
MULTI-DIVISIONAL Accounting reclassified by drawing a distinction between current and non-current
assets, and diversifying the economic components by nature and
Automatic allocation of costs and revenues for the various divisions destination.
and “business lines” also defined as “budget centre”. Each of them is
associated with one or more “cost centres” and “revenue centres”
such as branches, product lines, market areas, geographic areas, etc. Advanced Statistics
All query functions have appropriate filters, the use of which allows to
Information is automatically extracted and elaborated to monitor
extract and work only on some specific elements: bills, invoices, book-
and lead the company; break-even-point, diagrams and graphics are
keeping cards, bills of exchange, cash, payments, trial balance, etc. The
generated and help the analysis and interpretation of this important
same connections and functions are valid in the elaboration of analytical
information. Out of the results of these elaborations the managerial and
budgets and cost accounting.
administrative staff can take the best decisions for the various company’s
areas.
CONSOLIDATED Financial Statements
It is the ideal tool for corporate groups, with companies operating in Business Intelligence and Data Mining
Italy or abroad, and plays a key role in providing comprehensive, all- SAM ERP2’s integrated business intelligence tools transform data into
round vision of the company’s economic, financial and equity situation, information, thus eliminating guesswork.
in accordance with the principles laid down in Italian Legislative Decree The monitoring of key metrics provides valuable information on customer
No. 127/1991 and in the applicable accounting principles (SIC 17 and behavior, suppliers, logistical and production processes and product life-
11). The procedure guides every step, starting by creating intra-group cycles, as well as identifying the analytical criteria that link
relations and defining the scope of consolidation, and makes the commercial dynamics with financial and manufacturing dynamics. The
necessary adjustments to intra-group transactions, up to determining technology also provides access to information in push mode, in the
the final statement drawn up according to the full consolidation method, cloud and on the go, while at the same time ensuring GDPR compliance.
proportional method and equity method.
Communications MANAGEMENT
CONTROL
SECURITY and
DEVELOPMENT
INTERCOMPANY and
COMMUNICATIONS
(VOI P, Mail, EDI, XML) into the ERP system. SAM ERP2 enables users to align data relating to customer/supplier
databases, articles, article groups, bills of materials, payment methods,
All business processes are in fact available to currencies, units of measurement, etc.
all external operators: branches, distributors, A single workflow can be defined for the whole group by means of BPM,
which uses to-do lists or email to involve the parties to whom events
sellers, technicians, consultants, customers and relate, so that the necessary action can be taken or permission given.
suppliers. The system Set up enables users to define the relationships between
documents of the companies concerned: the issuance of a document in
one company, for example, can automatically generate the corresponding
document in another company, thus increasing the certainty that
information will be exchanged correctly, reducing errors and optimizing
processes, which translates into higher productivity for everybody.
It is therefore possible to define the availability of the articles for the
whole group, by company; check the quantities of these that are already
committed or ordered, and manage overall customer/supplier credit
exposures.
E-MAIL Interface
Print previews of all documents are displayed. Documents can be sent via
.PDF format, e-mail, fax (automatic connection to fax machine) or XML
(see) at the same time.
Mail Collector VOIP Desk (IP Telephony)
The flow of incoming e-mails is collected within the “value stream”. ERP In addition to the functions of a highly developed branch exchange,
system, and in particular the CRM functions, is integrated with the mail integration with VOIP software allows to reduce telephony costs,
server (Outlook or Notes) by means of a “parsing” that makes use of because it exploits the Internet to make phone calls and connects all
“interpretative heuristics” of texts in relation to data pertaining customers, branches as if they were direct inward dials. Furthermore, this system
names, prospects, branches, offers, orders, etc. This integration allows automatically generates statistics on the company’s telephone traffic and
to register each message received from whatever customer account to reduces maintenance costs, since internal telephone network is not used
whatever internal account, and vice versa. Registration and classification anymore.
of e-mails allows to generate an information database which has become Integration with the management information system allows to
essential within all business processes: requests for business and
technical information, requests for sales and technical modifications, immediately display data and information concerning the caller;
q
new delivery dates, amount, etc. happen to be sent more often than ever perform better as far as service quality is concerned, since waiting
per e-mail. times are reduced and the search for the most suitable interlocutor
This technology is fully compliant with GDPR requirements and is automatic;
successfully resolves the problem of shared company email addresses. display different information about the caller depending on who is
q
receiving the call (for example, the administrative area is interested
at statement of account and bill book, the after sale at the products
Production and Sales Chain (XML) in maintenance, agents and sale managers at orders and offers, the
EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) automatic transmission and receipt, purchase office at suppliers’ deliveries, etc.);
with “XML” technology, of all types of documents within the production open marketing or maintenance activities on the ERP system, which
q
and sales chain: orders, bills, invoices, accounting processes, customers, may depend on who is calling, traceability of the callings and “to do
suppliers, carriers, banks, alternative addresses, etc. list” for each user.
XML Import data are imported from other computer systems and
directly loaded in SAM
XML Generator data are transmitted from SAM to other computer
systems
10
area
C.R.M.
MARKETING and SERVICES
PURCHASES, WAREHOUSES
and LOGISTICS
PRODUCTION
and PLANNING
Development Tools
ADMINISTRATIVE WORKFLOW, BPM
and FINANCIAL and COMMON DATA
MANAGEMENT
Area MANAGEMENT
CONTROL
SECURITY and
DEVELOPMENT
INTERCOMPANY and
COMMUNICATIONS
The computer system represents brain and Authorization and Privacy Monitoring
heart of all business activities and processes. The system administrator can define single users or groups of users and
decide which ones have access to which functions, either choosing “full-
As consequence any improper use has to control” or “read-only” access.
discouraged through the use of tools and This system respects Privacy law in its integrity.
to future changes and preserve the related Furthermore, this module allows to manage documents approval on
several levels.
investment.
RGT (Report Generator Tool)
The system is provided with more than 900 standard prints (documents,
printouts, reports) but each company may have its own specific and
personal needs.
Report Generation Tool (RGT), exploiting a graphic environment,
allows to modify the existing formats and to generate new reports or
documents’ layouts.
SDK (Software Development Kit)
Programs and vertical applications can be developed and be perfectly
integrated with the existing database structures, exploiting their
“business logic” and keeping data coherence and integrity.
SDK can be used to export or include the several functions of the
system (articles, sales documents, bills of lading, invoices, etc.) into
external applications, to use these functions from whatever program or
environment supporting DLL callings without taking care of the internal
programming procedures.
Benefit: only the part of the code concerning the customization shall
be written, without taking care of the update of the standard functions,
which automatically takes place in the event of a new product release.
Web Services
SAM ERP2 is equipped with REST-based WEB services, which enable
customers and partners to develop web applications independently to
meet specific needs relating to their business. This technology not only
ensures secure separation of client and server, but also ensures the
visibility, reliability and scalability of the services.
The REST API also ensures independence from specific languages
and technologies, because it is independent of the type of platform
and therefore allows considerable freedom of choice of language or
framework for the implementation of each component.
Industry 4.0