1.

Slide 28 App 12
The Crisis over Manchuria was difficult for the League because both China and Japan
were members and both Britain and France had colonies in Asia.
The League’s response was a failure noted by Japan, Mussolini, and Hitler, who ll saw
the League’s response to Japan’s invasion as weak.
China quickly appealed to the League for help and expected it to order Japan to halt and
withdraw.
Several countries were partly sympathetic to Japan’s actions in Manchuria because they
were being presented to the world by Japan as merely an attempt to restore order.
The League responded to the suggestion made by Japan’s government that a
Commission of Enquiry be established to investigate.

2. Slide 29 App 12
The League formed a commission headed by Lord Lytton including representatives from
other League member states.
The commission gathered information for a long while, by which time the Japanese army
had occupied more of Manchuria and renamed it “Manchukuo”.
The conclusion of the report said that Japan should withdraw its troops and officially
recognize Chinese sovereignty over Manchuria.
The report was adopted by all members of the League except japan.
The Japanese refused any compromise and left the League of Nations.

3. Slide 32 App 3
The league was shocked by Japan’s resistance,
And also by their continuation to advance.
Britain was unable to do anything because of the Depression,
And so it was 0 for the league and Japan had 1.

The league of nations were seen without grit,

As no force or economic sanctions were imposed, you have to admit.
This encouraged Italy and Germany to expand with ease,
As they knew there was no threat from the league when they lacked to appease.

4. Slide 33 App 12
Chiang conducted a series of “Extermination Campaigns” to destroy the communists,
killing and starving more than a million Chinese.
Political turmoil in China made it appear as an easy option for Japanese expansion,
while Chiang decided to prioritize his campaign against the communists.
When Japan took its first actions against China, the Chinese Nationalist government
took little effective action.
Chiang continued with his Extermination Campaigns against the communists rather than
resisting Japanese incursions, which decreased his popularity to the general public.
Chiang was taken prisoner by one of his generals and resisted for the Second United
Front for two weeks to join forces with the communists and fight japan.
 This agreement helped Japan decide to launch an all-out invasion of China because
they feared that the political instability in China might soon come to an end.