2019 5th International Conference on Science and Technology (ICST), Yogyakarta, Indonesia

A Case Study of Indonesian Government Digital

Transformation: Improving Public Service Quality
through E-government Implementation
Adi Qumara Wahyu Sulistya Bernardus Bastian Sulistiyo Faizan Aditya
Faculty of Computer Science Faculty of Computer Science Faculty of Computer Science
Universitas Indonesia Universitas Indonesia Universitas Indonesia
Jakarta, Indonesia Jakarta, Indonesia Jakarta, Indonesia
adi.qumara@ui.ac.id bernardus.bastian@ui.ac.id faizan.aditya@ui.ac.id
Imelda Doharta Aritonang Stephen Amos Simangunsong Muhammad Rifki Shihab
Faculty of Computer Science Faculty of Computer Science Faculty of Computer Science
Universitas Indonesia Universitas Indonesia Universitas Indonesia
Jakarta, Indonesia Jakarta, Indonesia Jakarta, Indonesia
imelda.doharta81@ui.ac.id stephen.amos@ui.ac.id shihab@cs.ui.ac.id
Benny Ranti
Faculty of Computer Science
Universitas Indonesia
Jakarta, Indonesia
benny.ranti@cs.ui.ac.id

Abstract—The government in carrying out its function as a
public administration servant is regulated in law of the Republic
of Indonesia number 25/2009 on public services. Traditional
government was identical with ineffective and inefficient
bureaucracies, low transparency, and corruption issues which
lead to proliferation of maladministration. E-government is
required to improve the quality of public service by leveraging
on efficiency, collaboration, and transparency. Indonesia e-
government was still on early stage of adoption according E-
government Development Index (EGDI) rank. However
growing number of e-government applications is identified
across the nation on multilevel governmental structures. This
paper described and analyzed digital transformation in
Indonesia public sector through e-government implementation
and its impact on value added, agility and control, accountability
and collaboration within the context of public service
improvement. This paper used literature research methodology
to identify and analyzed various e-government implementation.
The results showed that the implementation of e-government
that have been carried out so far had positive effects on public
services. Some e-government applications covering Government
to Citizen (G2C), Government to Business (G2B), and
Government to Government (G2G) are presented as results of
the transformation.
Keywords—digital government, digital transformation, EGDI,
e-government, public service,
I. INTRODUCTION
Law of the Republic of Indonesia number 25/2009 on
Public Services regulated the government in carrying out its
function as a public administration servant. In principle, it is a
legal basis as standard of performance for public services in
Indonesia. Based on article 4 of this law which stated that
organizing public services consist of 12 principles can be
inferred that public services is the government obligation to be
carried out as well as possible, weather in terms of
administration or service for goods and services. This law is
intended to provide legal certainty for both government
apparatus and society. There is no reason for the government
not to provide good services, because this is a necessity for
apparatus to provide the best services to the society [1].
Indonesia traditional government are identical with
ineffective and inefficient bureaucracies, low transparency
and corruption issues impact to proliferation of
maladministration in public services. In the fact,
maladministration occurred everywhere. The Republic of
Indonesia Ombudsman receive reports or complaint from
public about alleged maladministration in public services
totaling 9446 reports through the RI Ombudsman and the
Report Verification Recipient Team. Based on
maladministration classification, top 3 is protracted delay
2.351 report (28.45%), inappropriate procedure 1.799
(21.77%), and did not provide service 1.403 (16.98%). The
most reported institutions are regional government,
Indonesian national police, and government ministry agencies.
Based on the substance land sector, education, and police is
top 3 government institutions prone to maladministration [2].
This must be addressed immediately so that in the future there
will be no fraud in the government. Technology plays
important role in digital transformation of Indonesia
government.
Nowadays Information Technology (IT) has been evolving
significantly in many fields not only for which closely related
to Information Technology or Information System, but it also
penetrated into different fields including government’s
policies and businesses [3]. Electronic government (e-
government) is the administration of government that uses
information and communication technology to provide
services to e-government users. To encourage the
enhancement of public service, shifting of government
paradigm to e-government is required. Presidential Regulation
Number 95/2018 on Electronic Based Government System
stated that to realize clean, effective, transparent and
accountable governance, quality and reliable public services,
an electronic-based governance is needed [4]. This regulation
forces all public institutions to digitalize public services as one
of the steps to cutting budget and resources, including public
information request. This paper discusses the digital
transformation in the government of Indonesia and how it
could improve its public services through the implementation
of e-government.

978-1-7281-2369-1/19/$31.00
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25,2022
 2019 5th International Conference on Science and Technology (ICST), Yogyakarta, Indonesia
The previous research were discussed about the condition
of e-government implementation in Indonesia [3], [5]-[8].
This study is conducted to describe and analyze digital
transformation in the government of Indonesia and how it
could improve its public services in the form of e-government
program, which is focusing on impact to value added, agility
and control, and accountability and collaboration. However,
this study does not cover maturity assessment nor integration
design of discussed e-government applications.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Business Model
A business model defines company interaction with its
environment by defining a unique strategy, employing the
resources, and building the required capabilities for strategy
execution in order to create value for all stakeholders [9].
Innovations lead by technology drives changes in consumer
behavior and bring new competitors which is pushing
company to radically transform its business model [10].
The three key components of a business model are
strategy, capabilities, and value [9]. Strategy is company’s
definition as an approach to achieve certain objectives in the
form of future directions and actions [11]. A unique strategy
is about deliberately choosing a different position and set of
activities that enable organization to deliver unique value [9].
Capabilities represent the ability of a company to utilize
resources effectively to support value creation which are
dependent on the structure and processes [11]. These
capabilities include processes and infrastructure, people and
partners, organization and culture, and leadership and
governance. Capabilities also providing a platform for future
growth. The final component of a business model identifies
value delivered to all stakeholder. Strategy and capabilities
define the drivers of economic value and financial return [9].
B. IT Impact
IT has progressively become central to designing and
evolving a company’s business model. The IT impact map
delineate the impact of IT in two dimension of business model
performance: strategy and capabilities. IT impact on strategy
defines the role that IT plays in determining product, market
business network, and boundary positioning [9]. While IT
impact on capabilities defines by data, artificial intelligence,
and machine learning which carries automation on tasks and
requires adoption of new skills [10].
IT can add value to existing services in public
organization. Technology perform faster and more accurate
response. Integrated agency system results real time and well-
aimed information [9]. It does not simply implement IT to
automate existing processes, but it is about applying
technology to transform the processes in order to add value to
the business and its stakeholders [11].
To utilize IT and deliver its new service offering, company
need new capabilities. Key lesson from the field suggest that
building the capabilities require fast strategy execution
without compromising control [9]. New IT capabilities enable
new ways of carrying out business operation [11]. Today,
being “big” is a must, where innovation, agility, and
organizational learning are the key variables for success [12].
When attempting to build capabilities to sense and respond
quickly and effectively, executives are finding the importance
of organizational control, which determined by integrated sets
of processes; all of them must be not only streamlined but also
integrated and synchronized to enable agility and control [9]:
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1. Operating processes are the series of activities that define
how to do its services,
2. Management processes are activities that define strategic
direction and coordinate and control operations.
IT can improve accountability in public service.
Accountability as one of the principles of good corporate
governance is related to the leadership responsibility for
decisions and results achieved, in accordance with the
authority delegated in the implementation of responsibility for
managing the organization [9]. Presidential Regulation
Number 95 of 2018 states that technology provides an
opportunity to encourage and realize an open, participatory,
innovative and accountable government administration,
enhance collaboration between government agencies in
carrying out government affairs and tasks to achieve common
goals, improve the quality and reach of public services to the
wider community, and reduce abuse of authority in the form
of collusion, corruption and nepotism [4].
C. Digital Transformation
Digital business transformation is revolution of
organizational processes, structures and system
implementation in order to improve organizational
performance through progressive adoption of digital media
and technology platforms [11]. The dramatic changes that
caused by digital is pushing organization to reflect and
evaluate the core essence of their business by examining three
components: scope, business model, and ecosystem [10]. Just
as customers in the private sector have moved from passive
consumers to active consumers, becoming value-added
participants in successful digital age business models, there is
a similar transformation in governance [12].
As the scope of a business expands and both its
competition and its industry boundaries are defined more
broadly than before, a company needs to rethink its core
competencies and its competitive advantage [10]. How
businesses apply digital technology and media to improve the
competitiveness of their organization through optimizing
internal processes is the scope of digital business [11].
Business model is defined as high-level abstraction of how
the business can respond to and create markets, of what the
business is and could be; should be the starting point for
transformation, not the business process [12]. It is also
important for existing businesses to refine their business
model or add new services by leveraging on new opportunities
made possible by the Internet [11]. Governments can change
from being vertically integrated bureaucracies to become
networks by releasing their treasures of raw data, which enable
governments as platforms for companies, NGOs, academics,
foundations, individuals, and other governmental agencies to
collaborate in order to create public value [12].
As business models change and new competition from
different industries starts affecting business, companies have
to consider evolving into a platform, which will require
managing an ecosystem [10]. Through effective bureaucracy,
open processes, and open data; government becomes stronger
part of social ecosystem that integrates citizens, communities,
and businesses for broader input and innovation [12].
D. E-government
UNDP (United Nations Development Program) defines
defined, “E-government is the application of IT by
government agencies”. On the other hand, The World Bank
define it as, “E-government refers to the use by government
 2019 5th International Conference on Science and Technology (ICST), Yogyakarta, Indonesia
agencies of information technologies (such as Wide Area
Networks, the Internet, and mobile computing) that have the
ability to transform relations with citizens, businesses, and
other arms of government”.
There are similar characteristics from the definitions of e-
government stated, which are:
1. This is a new mechanism of interaction between the
government and citizens and other people with similar
interests (stakeholders); where
2. Using IT (especially the internet); with intent to improve
the quality of public services.
E-government in general can be defined as the application
of IT to improve the performance of traditional government
functions and services. More specifically, e-government is the
use of digital technology to transform government activities
that aim to improve effectiveness, efficiency and service
delivery [13]. E-government is not a single event in a short
time, but rather a long-term evolutionary process in
transforming governance to focus on public services. E-
government service for G2C, G2B, and G2G has to raise the
efficiency of public service, to encourage cooperation among
organizations, to improve competitiveness, and to instigate
rapid change of public service [14].
• Government to Citizen (G2C) is an IT implementation that
aims to improve the interaction between the government and
community in relation to the information transparency,
performance accountability information and work plans
which make public easier to obtain important information.
• Government to Business (G2B) is a type of government
relationship with business which occurs due to the needs of
relations between the government and business stakeholders
or vice versa with benefits to improve the ease of doing
business related to government-applied business
regulations, capital or capital-intensive cooperation.
• Government to Government (G2G) is an interaction
intended for information exchange between different
governments in the form of electronic media (websites or
portals) to meet the needs in information retrieval between
governments. This information need is related to build good
economic, military, political, social, technological,
environmental, human resource and legal cooperation.
The implementation of e-government has many benefits,
especially in supporting effectiveness and efficiency in public
services. These benefits include [13]. Reducing Costs,
Promoting Economic development, Enhancing Transparency
and Accountability, Improving Service Delivery, Improving
Public Administration, and Facilitating an e-Society. The idea
of “government as a platform” is a new role for government
whereby it provides resources, sets rules, and mediates
disputes, but allows citizens, non-profits, and the private
sector to do a lot of the heavy lifting [12].
There are security and privacy concerns in e-government
implementation. Efficient government requires detailed
citizen information for taxes, drivers’ licenses, or health care
[12]. There are potential risks of fraud or misuse of sensitive
citizen data [14]. If online privacy issues are not handled well,
data collection can threaten free speech, legal rights, and
entitlements [15]. Given the increasing adoption of computer
to society, e-government applications presents an appealing
target to many criminals or terrorists, even other nations
interested in cyber warfare in the form of attacks on the
infrastructure, computer systems and computer networks [14].
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III. METHODOLOGY
This paper conducts a case study in Indonesia e-
government. In particular, this paper used explanatory study
which mainly used literature research to identify the impact of
digital transformation in the form Indonesia e-government to
the business model of the government. This paper also
describe relation between IT impact theory to digital
transformation in the implementation of Indonesia e-
government.
The data collection included official policy and strategy
reports, presidential instruction, regulation, previous research
about e-government, and also reports written by international
organization such as United Nation. Collected data being
reviewed and analyzed to describe the impact of digital
transformation in Indonesia public sector through e-
government implementation.
IV. DISCUSSION
A. Development of Indonesia E-government
The rapid development of IT has spread to various sectors
including the Government sector. The use of IT by
Government institutions (e-government) began to roll under
the legal, namely Presidential Instruction number 3 issued in
2003 on "National Policy and Strategy for e-government
Development". This means that the Government has been
aware of the potential and opportunities for the utilization of
ITs for the progress of the nation and the state, especially in
the process of administering government and improving
effective and efficient public services.
Through Presidential Instruction No. 3 of 2003 the
government instructed several government officials including
governors and regents / mayors to take steps to implement e-
government nationally, formulate and implement follow-up
plans and coordinate with the Minister of Communication and
Information, and implement instruction as well as possible
(Presidential Instruction, 2003). Explained in Presidential
Instruction No. 3 of 2003 that the development of e-
government is carried out through 4 levels: (1) preparation, (2)
maturation, (3) consolidation, and (4) utilization. It was also
explained that the condition of the e-government at the time
the Presidential Instruction was issued was that e-government
in Indonesia was still largely in the first stage (preparation),
only a small percentage had reached the second level
(maturation), and no one had reached the third level and / or
fourth level (utilization).
15 years after the issuance of Presidential Instruction No.
3 of 2003, In order to meet the demands of industry 4.0, the
Government of the Republic of Indonesia has issued
Presidential Regulation Number 95 in the year of 2018
concerning the Electronic-Based Government System (Sistem
Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik: SPBE). This regulation is
considered as a policy to accomplish clean, effective,
transparent and accountable governance and also trusted and
reliable public services. The importance of implementing the
SPBE is that data from the central and regional governments
has not being integrated yet which has resulted in time, costs
and energy inefficiencies both in work and in providing public
services. The many scattered applications push almost all
central agencies and local governments to build their own data
centers with varying standards. This makes the IT spending
continue to increase and raises an impact on budget waste,
government information systems disintegration, information
security risks, and less validity of government data. E-
government is part of the development of digital
 2019 5th International Conference on Science and Technology (ICST), Yogyakarta, Indonesia
transformation by utilizing IT applications and infrastructure.
SPBE covers the entire process starting from planning,
budgeting, procurement of goods and services, transaction
processes with ease of payment through e-payment and
improvement of public services (e-services).
In order for the implementation of the SPBE to run to
achieve its objectives, it is necessary to conduct regular
evaluations to determine the extent of progress of the
implementation of SPBE in each Central Agency and
Regional Government. The evaluation was carried out
considering that the e-government index in Indonesia was still
far from expected. According to a survey from the United
Nations (UN), in 2018 Indonesia was ranked 107th EGDI, up
9 places compared to 2016 which was ranked 116th. The
EGDI is a composite indicator that consists of three indices
(online service index, telecommunication index and human
capital index) that are equally weighted and cover a broad
range of topics that are relevant for e-government. Indonesia's
ranking is still far below the country other countries in
ASEAN such as Singapore (ranked 7th EGDI), Malaysia
(ranked 48th EGDI), Brunei Darussalam (ranked 59th EGDI),
Thailand (ranked 73rd EGDI), Philippines (ranked 75th
EGDI), and Vietnam (ranked 88th EGDI). The average EGDI
value of Indonesia is still below the average in the Southeast
Asian region. Indonesia stands at 0.5258 while the EGDI
average in the Southeast Asia region is 0.5555. On the Online
Service Index, Indonesia gets a value of 0.5694. Indonesia
ranks below the world average in the Telecommunication
Infrastructure Index, which is 0.3222 with a world average of
0.4155. In the Human Capital Index, Indonesia is quite above
the world average with a value of 0.6857.
Research carried out before the issuance of Presidential
Regulation Number 95 of 2018 states that the conditions for
implementing e-government are not optimal and are far from
expected where the failure rate of implementation is quite high
and the results of ranking are low based on the results of
existing research and surveys [7]. Through website analysis,
where the website is used as the main source for evaluating
and can be used as a medium to understand and infer the status
of e-government, that Indonesia is classified as slow in the
development of e-government [8]. Silalahi, et. al stated that
the obstacles and challenges of implementing e-government in
Indonesia are related to issues of standardization, human
resources, infrastructure, community literacy, leadership and
also organizational culture [7].
B. Business Transformation in Indonesia Public Service
E-government in Indonesia just started after 2000 through
issuing supported regulations and policies and was
simultaneously followed then by implementation of e-
procurement which empowers Public Key Infrastructure as a
security framework in securing information, communications,
and transactions [3]. The development of e-government in
Indonesia is facilitated by a number of government policies
which aim to accelerate the democratic process [6]. Growing
number of e-government implementations in the form of
digital applications are identified in national, province, and
district level in Indonesia.
E-government is transforming government process into a
platform for social innovation and the creation of public value
[12]. E-government projects, once they involve transaction
processing and government-to-public (government-to-
business/g2b and government-to-citizen/g2c) application and
data integration, most likely will bring business process
changes in the public sector [16]. Government-to-citizen
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services include national government transactional, national
government information, and local government services [11].
The objective of government-to-business is to reduce burdens
on business, provide one-stop access to information and
enable digital communication [14].
Government as a platform facilitate citizens to see and
share in the deliberations of government, create a new level of
transparency, would indeed change the way business is
conducted in government [15]. Citizens are no longer talking
about the process: they are the process which demands a
collaborative ecosystem for the future of public institutions
[15]. The use of ITs (mainly the Internet, and mobile
technologies) and CMC (computer mediated communication)
are to enhance active participation of citizens and to support
the collaboration between actors for policymaking purposes
[16]. E-government leads to robust private sector ecosystem
by investing in infrastructure to support services provided by
private sector instead of competing with them [15].
An example of Indonesia e-government application aimed
for active participation is City113 developed by city
government of Surabaya. The City113 app was developed in
order to engage more citizens with Surabaya government
towards providing better public services by submitting reports
using the application and applying the concept crowdsourcing
and gamifications in it. City113 operate under two main
methods: citizen reports and generated citizen data (Twitter
stream datasets) which is delivered via Android mobile
application. City113 leverages on playfulness aspect as a
strategy to decrease the gap between Surabaya citizens with
the government by submitting reports for any city problems
i.e. traffic, lost and found, fire accidents, public services,
weather, crime, flood, and miscellaneous. The same study also
addresses the strength points of City113 from citizen
perspective are the system ease of use and the system
beneficial to citizen. E-government citizen report system still
need to be improved [17].
By using IT, government can reduce the transaction costs
in providing better public services where private sectors can
conduct their business transitions harmoniously and
comfortably by focusing on deregulation and efficiency rather
than on bureaucracy. Open data is one of the required
standards in order to make e-government services accessible,
affordable and secure [14]. Open data offers openness that
enables transparency also enables innovation [15].
Transparency makes governments more accountable to the
citizens at all process levels [14]. Open data has already been
implemented on National Secretariat which oversee open
government practices in Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry
of National Development Planning, and Executive Office of
the President [18].
E-procurement is one of the e-government programs
emphasize on transparency and accountability. Electronic
procurement of goods and services will improve
accountability and transparency, simplify market access, and
create healthy competition, in the same time also improving
procurement process efficiency. A study about e-procurement
service in Bekasi district reveals that implementation of e-
procurement in LPSE Bekasi has positive and significant
impact on the participation company or institution that
participates in the e-marketplace lead to better performance of
the procurement. The use of e-procurement has positive effect
on participation of companies or institution and also has
positive significant impact on the procurement performance,
customer satisfaction, and relationship development. LPSE
 2019 5th International Conference on Science and Technology (ICST), Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Bekasi still need to develop the quality of service provision to
continuously improve procurement performance [5].
The aim of G2G is to create collaboration between
governments and organizations related to them to serve
citizens better within key lines of business [14].
Transformation of governmental services in order to optimize
the internal processes of public administration should lead to
a reduction of internal processing time, an enhancement of
internal communications in the administration, together with
cost reduction [16]. As larger organizations disaggregate into
clusters that can work well together, they gain the advantages
of agility, autonomy, and flexibility [12].
E-Audit is a case study of connecting government
information system in Indonesia. By using the potential of IT,
Indonesian Supreme Audit Institution (BPK) required all
auditees to submit the relevant data in electronic format
periodically which developed under the nation-wide program
namely National Synergy of Information System (SNSI). The
purpose of E-Audit is strengthening the monitoring of
government financial transactions. The implementation of e-
Audit has brought BPK many benefits i.e. more efficient and
more accurate interaction with its auditees; and more control
over government financial data [19].
C. E-Government Identification on IT Impact
Public service in Indonesia encompasses G2C, G2B, and
G2G. Table below describe how each application across
agency add value to existing services (AS), enable agility and
control (AC) and enable accountability (EA).
a) G2C
TABLE I. G2C APPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC SERVICE IN INDONESIA
Application: People's Online Complaint Service (Layanan
Pengaduan Online Rakyat: LAPOR)
Description: Integrated complaints application for supervision and
development of public services
(AS) Facilitate public complaints interacting with relevant
government. Citizen is able to submit complain in simpler
manner.
(AC) Formerly, public complaint involves many government
administrators, but now only involved a number of LAPOR
administrator officers. This makes the organization more
streamlined and easier to control
(EA) Public complaints as a performance indicator of an institution
make a transparent and accountable government in accordance
with the functions and responsibilities of each institution
Application: Online Passport Service (Layanan Passport Online)
Description: Application for registering, scheduling, making or
extending passports
(AS) Make it easy for the public to register passport applications so
that they can determine the time of arrival at the Immigration
Office. Public did not have to queue for hours because the
application has an interactive calendar that shows the availability
of quotas by the immigration office every day
(AC) Previously, the process of passport service queuing at the
immigration office involved many registration officers, now
registration can be done by using the application and only
involving a number of the administrator
(EA) The immigration department in collaboration with IT service
provider vendors to deliver a reliable Online Passport Service
application. The government focuses on strategies to improve
public services without having to think about IT techniques
Application: Online Single Submission (OSS)
Description: Online and integrated business licensing application
(AS) Providing ease of investing through the implementation of a
licensing system that seeks to be integrated electronically. This
online system aims to facilitate prospective investors in
managing various permits. the applicants can directly monitor
the investment they have submitted
(AC) In the past, the licensing process at the Investment Coordinating
Board (BKPM) requires a long time and involved many
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resources, now with an integrated system, the process can be
done faster and make government leaner and easier to control
(EA) Licensing by using Online Single Submission (OSS) makes
government accountable and transparent. The government
collaborate with IT service providers to provide the best OSS
licensing services
Application: e-Filling 1770ss
Description: Submit Annual Tax Return (SPT) electronically and online
in real time
(AS) Public can report SPT anywhere and anytime quickly without the
need to come to the Tax Service Office (KPP)
(AC) Formerly, SPT reporting involve manual form filling and
employing many apparatuses, but now be more streamlined with
the e-Filling application
(EA) The Ministry of Finance cooperates with reliable and quality
developer providers and IT e-Filling service providers
Application: e-Samsat
Description: Vehicle tax information, vehicle tax payments and vehicle
registration
(AS) Information and tax payments for vehicles can be made without
having to come and queue at the One Roof System (SAMSAT)
office. Taxpayers can pay vehicle tax on all Samsat offices
within the same province.
(AC) Previously, vehicle taxes payment manually through counters
involved many officers, but now with e-Samsat only a few
number officers involved. This application makes it easy for the
government to control services.
(EA) SAMSAT works with IT e-Samsat service providers so that the
government can focus on improving public services without
having to think about IT-related technical issues
Application: Mobile JKN (BPJS)
Description: Application for national health insurance system
(AS) Participants can access various information related to the
National Health Insurance program organized by BPJS
Kesehatan quickly and easily, wherever and whenever. JKN
participants no longer need to queue or come to the BPJS
Kesehatan office, even participants can submit data changes
through this application such as changing health facilities.
(AC) Formerly, the process of administrative registration and
information on BPJS Kesehatan participants involves many
apparatuses. With the application of JKN, it makes the
organization slimmer and easier to control.
(EA) BPJS Kesehatan has an IT service provider partner to provide the
best service to BPJS participants through Mobile JKN
application
b) G2B
TABLE II. G2B APPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC SERVICE IN INDONESIA
Application: INAPROC
Description: National Procurement Portal
(AS) Display auction information and information on goods / services
from all Indonesia Lembaga Pengadaan Secara Elektronik
(LPSE) / Electronic Procurement Institution in a catalog.
Registered vendors in certain LPSE can take part in another
auction at LPSE without re-registering and re-verification.
(AC) Formerly, procurement process involved many government
officials at the central and regional levels, but now agency be
leaner and easier to control using the INAPROC system that is
integrated throughout Indonesia
(EA) The government collaborates with INAPROC application IT
service providers to realize integrated, accountable and
transparent government
c) G2G
TABLE III. G2G APPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC SERVICE IN INDONESIA
Application: siMAYA
Description: Office administration system
(AS) Speed up the process of managing mail internal or between
government agencies. Ministries / Agencies use this application
for preparing (input and updating), checking, and validating
work plans.
(AC) Previously, the mail process done manually, but now uses
siMAYA. Helping institutions to control incoming, outgoing
mail and archives
(EA) Central and regional governments collaborate with IT service
providers to realize siMAYA
 2019 5th International Conference on Science and Technology (ICST), Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Application: Krisna
Description: Application system for allocating Special Allocation Funds
(DAK) to support the planning, budgeting, and reporting process of local
government
(AS) Real-time, web-based, online, and can be accessed via electronic
devices connected to the internet. This application is used as a
tool for Ministries / Agencies for preparing (input and updating)
Ministry / Institution Work Plans. It also as a tool for checking
and validating the work plan design for the Ministry of PPN /
Bappenas and the Ministry of Finance who are working partners
of the Ministry / Institution.
(AC) In the past, Issues of duplication and inconsistency of regions
institution proposals collected by various ministries occurred,
but now using the Krisna integrated system DAK proposals
submitted by local governments are easier to control
(EA) The government cooperates with KRISNA application
developers and IT service providers so that the Government can
stay focused on the core of improving public services
From tables above we conclude that technology has an
enormous impact on government organization. IT able to add
value to existing services, enabling the process to become
faster and more transparent, which is resulting in minimizing
corruption issues. IT implementation can also lead to
integration, synchronization, and streamline organization
structure. Lean organization increase its control and agility.
Government can collaborate with business institution to
develop application and provide reliable IT services to
increase public service.
V. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORKS
Based on several studies that have been conducted, it can
be said that the implementation of e-government in Indonesia
is still not good. At EGDI, Indonesia's ranking is still far below
other ASEAN countries. In 2018, Indonesia issued
Presidential Regulation No. 95 concerning Electronic-Based
Government Systems.
The results of the research that has been completed, with
the implementation of e-government that have been carried
out so far have had a positive effect on public services that
better emphasize the generation of new values, agility and
control, and accountability and collaboration. This is shown
through several applications related to G2C, G2B, and G2G as
described at Table I, Table II, and Table III. With the
development of several applications for public service and
Presidential Regulation No. 95 of 2018, it is hoped that
Indonesia's ranking will increase in EGDI.
Future works concerns deeper assessment to evaluate and
to improve current SPBE public services. New proposals
regarding e-government applications that need to be
implemented immediately should be composed based on the
assessment. A different research to analyze slow rejuvenation
in Indonesia e-government policy also suggested.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This research is funded by the 2019 PITTA B Research
Grant, Universitas Indonesia, contract number: NKB-
0513/UN2.R3.1/HKP.05.00/2019
Authorized licensed use limited to: Pontificia Universidad Catolica Del Peru. Downloaded on October 25,2022 at 04:27:55 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
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