BRITISH STANDARD BS 2782-3:

Methods 320A
to 320F:1976
Incorporating
Amendment No. 1

Methods of testing

Plastics —
Part 3: Mechanical properties —

Methods 320A to 320F: Tensile strength,

elongation and elastic modulus

IMPORTANT NOTE Before reading this method it is essential to read the foreword, general
introduction and instructions to BS 2782, issued separately.

UDC 678.5/.8:678.01+620.175.22:678–416
BS 2782-3:Methods 320A to 320F:1976

A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of
a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct
application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii,
pages 1 to 12 and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on
the inside front cover.

This British Standard, having

been prepared under the
direction of the Plastics
Standards Committee, was
published under the authority
of the Executive Board on
Amendments issued since publication
30 November 1976
Amd. No. Date of issue Comments
© BSI 01-1999
8057 January 1994 Indicated by a sideline in the margin
The following BSI references
relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference PLC/17
Draft for comment 73/52826

ISBN 0 580 09049 3

 BS 2782-3:Methods 320A to 320F:1976

Contents

Page
Committees responsible Inside front cover
0 Introduction 1
1 Scope and field of application 1
2 References 1
3 Definitions 1
4 Principle 2
5 Apparatus 2
6 Test pieces 2
7 Preparation of test pieces 3
8 Conditioning 4
9 Speed of testing 4
10 Procedure 4
11 Calculation and expression of results 5
12 Test report 6
Appendix A Informatory notes 7
Figure 1 — Figure deleted 8
Figure 2 — Figure deleted 8
Figure 3 — Method 320C: Test piece 9
Figure 4 — Method 320D: Test piece 9
Figure 5 — Method 320E 10
Figure 6 — Method 320F 11
Figure 7 — Stress/strain curves 12
Table 1 — Test procedure details 8

© BSI 01-1999 i
ii blank

0 Introduction
This group of methods describes tests for
determining the short-term tensile properties of the
range of materials detailed in clause 1, this does not
include films, thin sheet, PTFE and cellular
materials. Methods applicable to thin sheet and film
are described in Methods 326A to 326C1).
Methods 320C to 320F are revisions and extensions
of, and replace, methods 301A to 301L “Mechanical
properties. Tensile strength and elongation at
break” of BS 2782:1970, with the exception of
method 301K dealing with PTFE (excluding rod).
Methods 301A to 301L (excluding 301K)
BS 2782:1970 are therefore withdrawn. It is
intended to revise method 301K of BS 2782:1970
and publish it separately as Method 327A1).
The materials have been divided into four categories
according to type of test piece. The range of testing
speeds specified is such that, for most materials,
conditions can be selected so that they reach their
yield point or point of rupture in 20 s or 100 s.
The methods are intended to be used for material
characterization purposes and for routine quality
control work. The methods given combine the
determination of stress and strain data. However,
the information that is noted or recorded during the
test may be confined to the measurement of one
particular feature, depending on the scope and
purpose of the evaluation.
The methods of test outlined here incorporate a
wider range of test pieces than ISO/R 527 but there
is general agreement with regard to technical
content.
NOTE Methods 320A and 320B have been withdrawn and are
superseded by BS 2782-3:Method 321:1993 and
BS 2782-3: Method 322:1993.
WARNING NOTE. Due attention should be paid to any
necessary safety precautions and these methods should only be
operated by trained personnel.
1 Scope and field of application
These methods describe four procedures for the
determination of the tensile properties of plastics
materials, each applicable to a specific type of
material.
Method 320C is applicable to rigid thermoplastic
and thermosetting sheet, including certain types of
industrial laminates, extrusion and moulding
compounds.
1)
In course of preparation.
© BSI 01-1999
BS 2782-3:Methods 320A to 320F:1976
Method 320D is applicable only to the
determination of the strength properties of rigid
thermosetting moulding materials including filled
and reinforced compounds.
Method 320E is applicable to fibre reinforced
materials (composites) incorporating mats, cloth
woven rovings, including pre-pregs.
Method 320F is applicable to the determination of
the strength properties of unidirectional reinforced
materials (composites) including pre-pregs.
2 References
The following standards publications are referred to
in these methods.
BS 2782, Methods of testing plastics — Foreword,
general introduction and instructions: 19751) —
1)Methods 326A to 326C, Tensile properties of
film — 1)Method 327A, Tensile strength and
elongation at break of PTFE (excluding rod).
Method 327A Tensile strength and elongation at
break of PTFE (excluding rod).
BS 4994, Vessels and tanks in reinforced plastics.
BS 6214, Testing machines for rubbers and
plastics — Part 1: Tensile, flexural and compression
machines.
ISO/R 527, Determination of tensile properties.
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this British Standard the
following definitions apply.
3.1
tensile stress
the tensile force carried by the test piece per unit
area of the original cross-sectional area between the
reference lines
3.2
strain
the ratio of the change in the distance between the
reference lines to the original distance
3.3
tensile strength
the maximum tensile stress which the test piece is
capable of supporting (see A.6 and A.8)
3.4
yield stress
the tensile stress at which occurs the first marked
inflection of the stress-strain curve. Where any
increase in strain occurs without any increase in
stress, this point is taken as the yield stress
(see Figure 7)
1
BS 2782-3:Methods 320A to 320F:1976
3.5
off-set yield stress
the stress on the stress-strain curve where the curve
departs from initial linearity by a specified strain
(see Figure 7)
3.6
percentage elongation
the elongation produced in the gauge length of the
test piece by a tensile stress and expressed as a
percentage of the original gauge length (distance
between the reference lines)
3.7
percentage elongation at yield
the elongation produced in the gauge length of the
test piece at the yield stress, expressed as a
percentage of the original gauge length (distance
between the reference lines)
3.8
percentage elongation at break
the elongation at break produced in the gauge
length of the test piece expressed as a percentage of
the original gauge length (distance between the
reference lines) (see A.9)
3.9
elastic modulus
the ratio of stress to corresponding strain below the
proportional limit, where the proportional limit is
the greatest stress which a material is capable of
supporting without any deviation from
proportionality of stress to strain (Hooke’s Law).
The stress-strain relationship of many plastics does
not conform to Hooke’s Law throughout the elastic
range but deviates therefrom even at stresses well
below the yield stress. For such materials, the slope
of the tangent to the stress-strain curve at a low
strain is usually taken as the elastic modulus
3.10
secant modulus
in general, the ratio of stress to corresponding strain
at any given point on the stress-strain curve.
However, for rigid materials (e.g. for Method 320E),
it is usual to define secant modulus as the ratio of
stress to corresponding strain measured relative to
a level of pre-stress applied to straighten the test
piece. In such instances, the secant modulus shall be
based on the stress required to extend the gauge
length of the test piece by 0.2 % from a pre-stress of
approximately 10 % of the expected force
at 0.002 strain (see A.8)
2 © BSI 01-1999
4 Principle
The principle of the test is the subjection of test
pieces of defined groups of plastics materials to a
tensile force and the calculation of any of the
properties defined in clause 3, as required.
5 Apparatus
The following apparatus is required.
5.1 Tensile testing machine. The tensile testing
machine shall be power driven and capable of
maintaining the appropriate rate of grip separation
as specified for the appropriate test procedure. In all
cases, a continuous indication of the force applied to
the test piece, preferably recorded autographically
with a permanent indication of the maximum force,
shall be provided. The force scale shall be calibrated
by a suitable method to ensure that the error does
not exceed the requirements for grade A
of BS 5214-1:1975 (see A.1).
Unless otherwise specified, the machine shall be
provided with a type of grip which maintains or
increases grip pressure as the force applied to the
test piece increases. The test piece shall be held in
such a manner that slip relative to the grips is
prevented as far as possible, and the clamping
system should not produce premature failure at the
grips.
5.2 Extensometer. When an extensometer is used, a
continuous indication of the elongation of the gauge
length, and, if appropriate, a permanent indication
of the maximum elongation shall be given.
Preferably the elongation should be recorded
autographically in the form of a force elongation
curve. When an extensometer is attached to the test
piece, care should be taken to ensure that any
distortion of, or damage to, the test piece is minimal,
and it is essential that no slippage occurs between
the extensometer grips and the test piece. The
instrument shall be essentially free from inertia lag
at the specified speed of testing and shall be
calibrated by a suitable method to ensure that the
error does not exceed 2 % of the actual strain.
5.3 Micrometers. For measuring the thickness and
width of rigid materials, a screw micrometer
reading to 0.01 mm or less shall be used.
For measuring the thickness of flexible materials, a
dial gauge micrometer (or comparator) reading
to 0.01 mm or less and provided with a flat circular
foot that will apply a pressure of 20 ± 3 kPa shall be
used.
6 Test pieces
The test pieces for each test procedure are listed
in Table 1 and are shown with detailed dimensions
and tolerances in Figure 3 to Figure 6.

It should be noted that the geometry of the test
pieces and clamping system dictates the pattern of
stress concentrations set up during the test. These
will be altered if the test piece size is scaled up or
down. It may not be valid to compare results from
one type of test piece with those obtained on a test
piece of different size or shape.
A minimum of five test pieces shall be tested in each
of the required directions of testing.
Dumb-bell test pieces that do not break within the
central parallel portion shall be discarded and
further test pieces shall be tested.
7 Preparation of test pieces
7.1 General. As stated in BS 2782: Foreword,
general introduction and instructions: 1975, the
properties of certain types of sheet material may
vary in accordance with the direction of the plane of
the sheet. In practice it is usual to cut two groups of
test pieces with their major axes respectively
parallel and perpendicular to the direction of some
feature of the sheet that is either visible or inferred
from a knowledge of the method of its manufacture.
The direction of testing is defined as the direction of
the long axis of the test piece, unless otherwise
stated.
The method of preparation varies according to the
type of materials being tested and the form of the
test piece.
When test pieces are prepared by machining (i.e. for
Methods 320C, 320E and 320F), the speed of
machining depends on the material being tested and
wherever possible the speeds should be based on the
details given in the appropriate British Standard
covering the material or on the recommendations of
the manufacturer. The machining conditions used
shall not overheat the test piece and if a coolant is
used it shall not have a deleterious effect on the
material being machined. All surfaces of a test piece
shall be free from visible flaws scratches or
imperfections. Marks left by machining operations
or, in the case of coarse laminates, loose fibre ends,
may be smoothed with fine abradents used in place
of the cutting tool on the profiling machine. In all
machining operations, precautions shall be taken
against inhalation of dust and the occurrence of skin
irritation.
7.2 Text deleted
7.3 Text deleted
© BSI 01-1999
BS 2782-3:Methods 320A to 320F:1976
7.4 Method 320C. The dumb-bell test piece shown
in Figure 3 shall be machined to shape by means of
a profiling system (i.e. machined from a rectangular
blank, which is clamped firmly between plates and
traversed by a high speed router-cutter guided by a
shaped template).
7.5 Method 320D. For test pieces either injection or
compression moulded (Figure 4), the moulding
conditions (temperatures and pressures) shall be
those recommended in the relevant standard for the
material or by the material manufacturer.
Allowance shall be made for the mould shrinkage for
different materials (usually catered for when the
moulding tool is made).
All “flash”, if present, shall be removed from the
moulded test piece, taking care not to damage the
moulded surface.
7.6 Method 320E. The rectangular test piece shown
in Figure 5(a) shall be sawn from a blank by means
of a suitable saw (e.g. a carbide or diamond tipped
circular saw or a bonded carborundum wheel). A
suitable method of preparing the rectangular test
piece with end pieces attached is to cut from the
moulding or sheet under test a rectangular
blank 230 mm long × 150 mm wide and to attach
strips to it to form the end pieces as shown
in Figure 5(b). The end pieces shall be prepared
from material similar to that under test. It is
convenient to use a cold setting epoxide adhesive as
the bonding agent provided that care is taken to
follow the instructions of the manufacturer about
the relative proportions of the resin and hardener
and other conditions of use. Before the adhesive is
applied, the surface to be bonded should be slightly
roughened with a fine grade of abrasive paper and
thoroughly cleaned with solvent. It is recommended
that the assembly should be allowed to stand
overnight under pressure. Individual test pieces can
then be cut from the blank by a circular saw as
described above.
When machining a sheet material of standard
thickness to a particular specimen thickness, one
face of the manufactured sheet should be left intact.
7.7 Method 320F. The dumb-bell test pieces shown
in Figure 6 shall be prepared from a rectangular
blank by means of a profiling system (or a milling
cutter if the small radius test piece is being
prepared).
In the case of hard materials such as carbon fibre
composites, the machining operations may require
the use of diamond or tungsten carbide tipped tools.
Aluminium sheet end pieces shall be bonded to the
specimens as shown in Figure 6 by means of an
epoxide adhesive.
3
BS 2782-3:Methods 320A to 320F:1976
8 Conditioning
The test pieces shall be conditioned after any
required annealing or normalizing treatment.
Unless a separate conditioning clause is referred to
in the material standard, the conditioning
procedure A specified in BS 2782: Foreword, general
introduction and instructions: 1975 should be
adopted. However, where it is known that the
materials are not sensitive to changes in humidity,
procedure B may be used. Except when testing at
elevated or low temperatures, the test temperature
and humidity shall be maintained within the
specified limits used for conditioning.
9 Speed of testing
Speeds of testing for each procedure shall be chosen
from the appropriate alternatives given in Table 1.
The speed of testing is the rate of separation of the
grips of the test machine during the test (see A.2).
Wherever possible, the same speed should be used
to determine both stress and stress/strain data up to
the point of yield and/or break. However, in some
instances (see A.3) it may be necessary or desirable
to adopt one speed for the determination of the
stress/strain properties up to the yield point and to
use a higher rate of grip separation for the
measurement of ultimate strength and elongation.
In such instances, separate test pieces shall be used
for each testing speed.
10 Procedure
Measure the width and thickness of the central
parallel portion of the dumb-bell shaped test pieces
shown in Figure 3 and Figure 6(b) to the nearest
0.01 mm at several points and determine the mean
cross-sectional area. If so specified in the
appropriate standard, the mean width of test pieces
prepared by stamping from flexible sheet is taken to
be equal to the mean width of the central parallel
portion of the stamping die. If such a procedure is
used comparative measurements should be made at
frequent intervals.
Confine measurements on the test pieces shown
in Figure 4 and Figure 6(a) to the area of minimum
cross section. Measure the test piece shown
in Figure 5 between the two end pieces or points of
clamping, and determine the mean cross-sectional
area.
4 © BSI 01-1999
For visual measurements of elongation, mark the
dumb-bell test pieces with reference lines using a
marker having two parallel knife edges ground
smooth and true, 0.05 mm to 0.10 mm wide at the
edge and bevelled at an angle of not more than 15°.
Use an ink on the stamp pad for use with the marker
having no deleterious effect on the material being
tested and of suitable contrasting colour. Do not
scratch, punch or impress reference lines upon the
test piece. Mark the reference lines on the narrow
part of the test piece as shown in Figure 3,
equidistant from its centre and at right angles to its
longitudinal axis.
Mount the test pieces in the testing machine in axial
alignment with the direction of pull. Set and adjust
an extensometer (if one is to be used), after
appropriate calibration, along the gauge length of
the test piece, before the application of stress. Use
one of the appropriate rates of test separation
specified in Table 1 (see clause 9).
The secant modulus of rigid materials may be
obtained from a force/elongation curve determined
as above, or by the following alternative procedure.
Apply a force Fs to the test piece for the purpose of
straightening it (normally 10 % of the expected force
to produce 0.002 strain). With this initial force on
the test piece, set the reading of the strain
indicating device to zero or note the reading.
Increase the strain steadily by 0.002. Use the force
F0.2 at this point to determine the secant modulus
(see 11.5).
Preferably by means of an autographic recording
system, note the force and deformation data
appropriate to the requirements of the test as
follows.
a) Force at the yield point or off set yield (see A.4).
b) Distance between the reference lines or
extensometer reading at the yield point (see A.5).
c) Force at break or maximum force (see A.6).
d) Distance between the reference lines or
extensometer reading at break.
e) The slope of the stress/strain curve at the level
of strain adopted to determine the elastic
modulus.
f) The force (relative to any pre-force applied) at
the level of strain adopted to determine secant
modulus (see A.7).
For the dumb-bell test pieces shown in Figure 4
and Figure 6(a), only the force at break should be
noted.
Discard any dumb-bell test pieces which do not
break within the central parallel portion and test
further test pieces.

11 Calculation and expression of
results
11.1 General. Calculate tensile stress and moduli
data to three significant figures and percentage
elongation at yield and/or break to two significant
figures.
Report the tensile properties of the material under
test as the arithmetic mean of the data obtained
from the test pieces.
11.2 Tensile stress. Calculate the tensile stress at
yield and/or maximum tensile stress in relation to
the original cross-sectional area of the test piece
from the following equation:
F Esc is the secant modulus (in MPa)
s = ----
A
where
s is the tensile stress at yield or maximum
tensile stress (in MPa)
F is the force at yield or maximum force (in N)
A is the initial mean cross-sectional area
(in mm2) (see A.8)
11.3 Elongation. Calculate the percentage
elongation at yield and/or break in relation to the
original gauge length from the following equation:
l–l
E p = ------------o ´ 100
lo
where
Ep is the percentage elongation at yield or break
l is the distance between reference marks, at
yield or break (in mm)
lo is the original gauge length (in mm)
11.4 Elastic modulus. The elastic modulus should
normally be based on the linear portion of the load
extension curve. Calculate it from the following
equation:
Ds
E m = --------
DE
where
Em is the elastic modulus (in MPa) and stress
and strain are based on the definitions given
in clause 3
Ds is the difference in stress between two points
on the straight line (in MPa)
DE is the difference in strain between the same
two points
© BSI 01-1999
BS 2782-3:Methods 320A to 320F:1976
If there is no linear portion of the stress/strain
curve, a tangent to the curve should be taken at the
required level of strain or the secant modulus
should be used.
11.5 Secant modulus. Calculate the secant
modulus from a measurement of stress at a given
level of strain (see A.7).
11.5.1 When no pre-stress is applied, use the
following equation.
FE
E SC = --------
eA
where
Fe is the force required to produce a strain of
magnitude e (in N)
e is the strain resulting from force Fe
A is the initial mean cross-sectional area
(in mm2)
11.5.2 If the result is based on the force required to
produce a strain of 0.002, relative to a pre-load
applied to straighten the specimen, use the
following equation (see A.8):
F 0.2 – F S
E 0.002 = -------------------------
0.002A
where
E0.002 is the secant modulus at a strain
of 0.002 (in MPa)
F0.2 is the force required to produce a strain
of 0.2 % beyond the strain imposed by the
pre-stress (in N)
Fs is the force applied to produce an initial
(straightening) stress (normally 10 % of
the expected force at 0.002 strain) (in N)
A is the initial mean cross-sectional area
(in mm2) (see A.8)
11.6 Offset yield stress. Calculate the offset yield
stress (see Figure 7) from a measurement of stress
at the point of intersection of the stress/strain curve
and the offset yield line drawn parallel to the initial
linear part of the curve using the following equation:
F os
s os = ----------
A
where
sos is the offset yield stress at the point
indicated (in MPa)
Fos is the force applied at this point (in N)
5
BS 2782-3:Methods 320A to 320F:1976

A is the initial mean cross-sectional area

(in mm2)

12 Test report
The test report shall include the following
particulars.
a) A complete identification of the material
tested, including type, source, manufacturer’s
code numbers, forms, principal dimensions,
previous history, etc.
b) A reference to the appropriate
British Standard method
(e.g. BS 2782:Method 320C:1976).
c) The speed of testing.
d) The conditioning and test atmosphere used.
e) The number of test pieces tested.
f) The mean value of the required tensile
properties recorded.
g) The individual test results.
h) The standard deviation of the individual test
results (if required).

6 © BSI 01-1999

Appendix A Informatory notes
A.1 Attention is drawn to the fact that different
force measuring systems have markedly different
characteristics. In particular, pendulum types of
machine may have high friction and inertia which
significantly affect their dynamic response.
Inertialess transducer types of machine are
therefore to be preferred.
Although tensile testing machines fitted with
electronic force measuring devices can be regarded
as sufficiently free of inertia for the speeds of testing
given in this standard, this does not necessarily
apply to the recorders normally used with them.
As a guide to recorder requirements, the response
time for full scale travel Te should be considerably
less than the rise time of the force Tw if the dynamic
errors are to be comparable with the static
inaccuracy. It is recommended that for grade A
machines Tw $ 10 Te and for grade B
machines Tw $ 5 Te.
For a full scale response the relationship with the
testing speed would be
lo Ep lo Ep
a) grade A machine 100 V M = ------------- # ---------------
T w 10 T e
lo Ep lo Ep
b) grade B machines 100 V M = ------------
-# -------------
Tw 5 Te
where
VM is the testing speed (in mm/min)
lo is the grip or gauge mark separation (in mm)
Ep is the percentage elongation corresponding
to the maximum force
If only a fraction d of full scale deflection is involved,
the permissible maximum testing speed is increased
to Vm, which is given approximately by the
relationship.
l
V m » --V
d M
A.2 On some test machines, the grip attached to the
load recording mechanism may itself move a
significant distance during the test and thereby
influence the applied rate of strain.
© BSI 01-1999
BS 2782-3:Methods 320A to 320F:1976
A.3 When the material has a pronounced yield and
extends a large amount beyond the yield point
before rupture and such materials are tested up to
the point of rupture at a “slow” speed that has been
selected primarily to produce initial stress/strain
data, the test will become unnecessarily prolonged
and indeed, in certain circumstances, be invalid.
The testing of some highly flexible materials may
fall into this category.
A.4 In cases where the yield stress is not well
defined by the stress/strain curve, it is necessary to
define an offset yield stress. This is done by
specifying a point on the stress/strain curve where
the curve departs from linearity by a specified
percentage elongation or extension (see Figure 7).
A.5 Strain data at or beyond the point of yield
should only be reported if the yield has taken place
within the gauge length.
A.6 When testing test specimens whose
cross-sectional area decreases considerably before
break, the force may decrease to some extent after
having reached a maximum value, so that the
maximum force and the force at break are not the
same.
A.7 If a secant modulus is used the relationship
between stress and strain need not be linear below
the strain at which the modulus is taken.
A.8 For certain composite materials consisting of
thermosetting resin systems reinforced with layers
of glass fibre and manufactured by the wet lay-up
process, it may be relevant for some applications to
express the result in terms of ultimate tensile unit
strength (see C.6 of BS 4994:1973).
F max
Thus u = ---------------
-
b n g
where
u is the ultimate tensile unit strength
(in kN/m per kg/m2 glass)
Fmax is the force at maximum load (in N)
b is the width of stressed portion of test piece
(in mm)
n is the number of laminate layers in test
piece
g is the mass of glass in one layer of
laminate in test piece (in kg/m2)
7
BS 2782-3:Methods 320A to 320F:1976

It may also be relevant to express the stiffness of Fs is the force applied to produce an initial
such materials in similar terms and the term (straightening) stress (normally 10 % of
“extensibility” is given in C.7 of BS 4994:1973 as the expected force at 0.2 % strain) (in N)
follows. and b, n and g are as defined above.
F 0.2 – F S A.9 In certain composite materials, the matrix alone
X = -------------------------------- may fracture and leave fibrous reinforcement
0.002 b n g
bridging the gap between the broken parts of the
where specimen. When this phenomenon occurs, a suitable
annotation should be made to the test report.
X the extensibility of laminate
Figure 1 — Figure deleted
(in kN/m per kg/m2 glass)
Figure 2 — Figure deleted
F0.2 is the force required to produce a strain
of 0.2 % beyond the strain imposed by the
pre-stress (in N)

Table 1 — Test procedure details

Method Materials to which test is applicable Type of test piece Method of Rate of Tolerance
preparation grip
of test piece separation
mm/min %

320C Rigid thermoplastic and thermosetting As in Figure 3 Machined 1 50

sheet including certain types of (identical to ISO/R 527 from sheet 5 20
industrial laminates, extrusion and Type 1 test piece) 25 10
moulding compounds 50 10
100 10
320D Rigid thermosetting moulding As in Figure 4 Compression 5 20
materials including filled (identical to ISO/R 527 or injection
and reinforced compounds Type 3 test piece) moulded

320E Fibre reinforced materials As in Figure 5 Machined 1 50

(composites) incorporating mat, cloth (identical to from sheet 5 20
woven rovings, including pre-pregs BS 2782:1970 10 20
method 301L test
piece)

320F Unidirectional fibre reinforced As in Figure 6 Machined 1 50

materials (composites) including from sheet 5 20
pre-pregs

8 © BSI 01-1999
 BS 2782-3:Methods 320A to 320F:1976

Figure 3 — Method 320C. Test piece

Figure 4 — Method 320D. Test piece

© BSI 01-1999 9
BS 2782-3:Methods 320A to 320F:1976

Figure 5 — Method 320E

10 © BSI 01-1999
 BS 2782-3:Methods 320A to 320F:1976

Figure 6 — Method 320F

© BSI 01-1999 11
BS 2782-3:Methods 320A to 320F:1976

Figure 7 — Stress/strain curves

12 © BSI 01-1999
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