Kinds of Law:

There are eight kinds of law which are discussed here as follow:

1.Imperative Law or Positive Law:

1. Positive law is a rule which prescribes a general course of action

imposed by some authority which enforces it by a superior power, either
by physical force or the other sort of compulsion.
2.Physical or Scientific Law:

Physical or scientific laws are expressions of the uniformities of nature, or

uniformity in the conduct of living beings of lifeless things.

For example, the law of motion, gravitation, and of chemical reactions.

3.Natural or Moral Law:

Natural or Moral law is also known as divine law, the law of reason, the
unwritten law, the universal law, the common law and the eternal law.
According to Salmond; “By natural law or moral law is meant the principles of
natural right and wrong”.

4.Conventional law:

Convention means agreement. Conventional law must have an agreement

between two parties- and not the force or coercion of a superior. It is thus the
name given to a body of rules agreed to be followed by some parties in order
to regulate their conduct towards one another. These are laws because they
ensure uniformity of conduct.

For example, the rules of cricket and other games. International law is also a
species of conventional law.

Such Laws may be in two types:

1). Rules enforced by the parties themselves but not recognized by the State,
e.g., the rules of cricket and other games.

2). Rules recognized and enforced by the State, e.g., the articles of
association of a limited company whereby the share-holders agree to be
bound in certain particulars.

5.Customary Law:
Customary law means such rules of custom as are habitually being followed
by the majority of persons, subject to them, since a long time in the past and
are expected to be followed in the future as well in the belief of their binding
nature.

6. Pratical or Technical Law:

Practical laws are such laws consists of rules which are to be followed to
achieve uniformity of result in practical or technical matters, e.g., the laws of
health, the laws of architecture or manufacture.

7.International Law:

According to Salmond; “Those rules which govern sovereign state in their

relations and conduct towards each other”.

According to Lord Russel; “The aggregate of rules to which nations have

agreed to conform in their conduct towards one another”.

8.Civil Law:

The words “civil law” owe their origin to the Romans who described it

applicable to their own citizens as jus civile, as distinguished from jus
gentium which applied to the foreigners. In jurisprudence, civil law means
laws of the land as are enforced by the courts.