9 Department of Education

National Capital Region

SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE
MARIKINA CITY

Music, Arts, Physical Education and Health

ARTS
First Quarter-Module 1
Western Classical Painting

Writer: Noli L. Bragais

Cover Illustrator: John Orville Munar

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 What I Need to Know
The art forms we have today have undergone a significant plethora of
changes and development. We can trace back this art foundation to
numerous archaeological discoveries created by ancient civilizations. Early
pre-historic art depicted unique and distinct styles and techniques. These
styles and characteristics developed depending on the emergence of these art
periods: the Paleolithic (Old Stone Age), Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age) and
Neolithic (New Stone Age).
The civilizations that came forth are even more distinctive in styles and
characteristics.
The Egyptian civilization brought so much influence in many fields
such as politics, art, science, technology, religion, writing, architecture,
literature, etc.
Ancient Greek art brought realism, humanism and naturalism into it.
The early Greek artists created more realistic and life-like paintings and
sculptures.
Early Roman art was influenced by the Greek art as shown in their
paintings, murals, pottery, sculpture, architecture, bas-relief, and even
politics and religion.
The Byzantine art is characterized by more abstract, expressive,
imaginative and universal art representations that center on religious
subjects as depicted on their paintings, mosaics, carved ivory and metals.
The Romanesque art combined the Roman and Byzantine arts for it
was characterized by vigorous styles in paintings, sculpture and
architecture.
The Gothic art was developed out of Romanesque art and is
characterized by its flamboyant, rayonnant and perpendicular styles as
shown in its pointed arches, elaborate and richly decorated building styles
and structures.
Hence, in this module you will learn more about the different
characteristics of these eras in art. The topics are arranged based on their
timeline, so will better follow and be able to analyze the transition and
development of every given art period.
The main topic for this module is about the:
- Western Classical Painting
The main objectives of this module are the following:
a. analyze art elements and principles in the production of work
following the style of Western and Classical art (A9EL-Ib-1);
b. identify distinct characteristics of arts during the different art
periods (A9EL-Ia-2); &

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 c. reflect on and derive the mood, idea, or message from selected
artworks (A9PL-Ih-1).
After going through with this module, you are expected to:
a. identifies/ recalls the elements and principles of arts
b. identifies the distinct characteristics of the paintings during
prehistoric, ancient Egypt, Classical Greek and Roman, and
medieval periods;
c. understands the functions of paintings in given art periods; &
d. creates artworks that show the characteristics and style evident
in the works of art created during the different art periods.

What I Know
PRE-ASSESSMENT
Test 1. From the choices inside the word box below, write the correct title
of the artworks created during Ancient, Classical, and Medieval periods.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

(WORD BOX)

1._____________ 2._____________ 3._____________ 4._____________ 5._____________

6._____________ 7._____________ 8._____________ 9._____________ 10.____________

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Test 2. Multiple Choices. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
11. It is an art process where an image is produced by arranging together
small colored pieces of hard material such as stone, tile or glass.
A. Tempera B. Mosaic C. Fresco D. Encaustic

12. It is a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly laid lime

plaster. Water is used as the vehicle for the dry-powder pigment to
merge with the plaster, and with the setting of the plaster, the
painting becomes an integral part of the wall.
A. Encaustic C. Fresco
B. Kerch Style painting D. Mosaic

13. It is a system of writing that employs characters in the form of

pictures.
A. Hieroglyphics C. Tempera
B. Kerch style D. Fresco

14. It is a method of painting with colored pigments dispersed in an

emulsion miscible with water, typically egg yolk.
A. Encaustic C. Fresco
B. Panel Painting D. Tempera

15. It is a painting made on a flat panel made of wood, either a single

piece, or a number of pieces joined together.
A. A. Kerch style C. Encaustic
B. B. Panel Painting D. Fresco

Lesson
WESTERN CLASSICAL
1 PAINTING
Welcome to the first part of your lesson, the western and classical art,
painting particularly. Here, you will be provided with engaging activities to
activate your prior knowledge of the lesson. You will also be provided with
follow-up activities to enrich your learning. At the end of this module your
acquired knowledge will be assessed.

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 What’s In

Are you ready? Let us begin…

Before we soar deep into our lesson, let me first test your attitude towards art.

Your class was given the opportunity to visit the art capital of the
Philippines, Angono, Rizal. One of the sites you visited was the oldest
known work of art in the Philippines, the Angono Petroglyphs. You were
able to behold all the 127 human and animal figures engraved on the
rockwall. One of your classmates tried to touch the images, the other one
drew out a marker pen from his bag and attempted to write off the
petroglyphs. What particular action would you do? Why or why not?

Your answer:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

What’s New

https://www.flickr.com/photos/whardenberg/7098859535

This image shows how our prehistoric ancestors carved, drew and
painted on the wall of their dwelling caves. Their tools were very limited yet
their artworks were superb and masterfully done. Amazing, isn’t it? Here’s
a simple art activity for you.

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ACTIVITY 1: Scratch Art / Crayon Etching
Lascaux is famous for its Paleolithic cave paintings of animals, human
figures and abstract signs. The nearly 2,000 images have been painted onto
the walls using mineral pigments. However, some designs have also been
incised into the stone.
In this activity, you will recreate your version of the Cave of Lascaux
images. Using your crayons and bond paper/Oslo paper, create a crayon
etching. The images you draw/sketch are animals usually found in your
locality.

How to do a crayon etching:

1. Prepare different colors of crayons and a bond paper/Oslo paper.
2. Using the bright colored crayons, press down hard the first layer of
colors on the sheet. The more colors you use, the better. Cover all
the surface of the paper.
3. Then apply the second layer, this time use only black crayon. Apply
it hard, covering all the colored first layers.
4. When you’re done, do the etching using any pointed object available
like pins, toothpicks and the like.
Criteria: Creativity and artistic beauty

What is It

Time to enrich your knowledge about the Western Classical painting!

Read carefully with understanding the reading selection below.

PREHISTORIC PERIOD

The Prehistoric Period—or when there was human life before records
documented human activity—roughly dates from 2.5 million years ago 1,200
BC. It is categorized in three archeological periods: the Stone Age, Bronze
Age, and Iron Age.

From the invention of tools made for hunting to advances in food

production and agriculture to early examples of art and religion, this
enormous time was a period of great transformation.

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Prehistoric Paintings
Our early human ancestors proved that even in the earliest times, art
played a significant role in their lives and very culture. They were artistic
and creative. They drew using basic stones and bone tools. Their paintings
used combinations of minerals, ochers, burnt bone meal, and charcoal mixed
into water. Also, blood, animal fats, and tree sap to etch humans, animals,
and signs. They also carved small figurines from stones, clay, bones, and
antlers.

Paintings from the Cave of Lascaux, Montignac, France

Source: http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/prehistoric/lascaux-cave-paintings.htm

Ancient Egypt Paintings

The ancient Egyptians painted the walls and ceilings in the belief that
the one who passed away would be able to take all of the images of their life
with them. Only the deceased and the Egyptian gods would see the
paintings.

Egyptian Tomb Paintings Egyptian Hieroglyphics

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_funerary_practices

The tomb of the Pharaohs was covered in colorful representations of

the one who had passed, living a happy life, with plenty to eat and drink and
weather always perfect. The Pharaohs were even shown with all their slaves
around them to serve them in the afterlife.
Classical Greek Paintings
Greek painting has survived mainly as pottery decoration. The few
surviving Greek murals are remarkable, however, as they exhibit significant
advances in techniques of realism (namely shading and perspective). The
heart of Greek painting was Athens.

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Most common methods of Classical Greek Painting
1. Fresco- a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly-laid lime
plaster. Water is used as the vehicle for the dry-powder pigment to
merge with the plaster. With the setting of the plaster, the painting
becomes an integral part of the wall.

Aphrodite (fresco) from Pompei

Source: https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/468796642461344251

2. Tempera- also known as egg tempera, a method of painting with

colored pigments dispersed in an emulsion miscible with water,
typically egg yolk
3. Encaustic- came from a Greek word meaning “to heat or burn-in.” This
method, also known as hot wax painting, involves using natural
beeswax and damar resin to which colored pigments are added.

Vase Painting
The Greeks used several techniques and styles in vases. To produce
the characteristic red and black colors, Greek artisans used liquid clay as
paint. During the Geometric and Orientalizing Periods, painters employed
compasses to trace perfect circles and used silhouette and outline methods
to delineate shapes and figures.

Frieze with Mourning figures, Dipylon Amphora, c, 750 B.C.E, ceramic, 160 cm
(National Archeological Museum, Athens)
Source: https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/502714377156315538

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 The Greek adopted the black-figure technique (i.e., dark-colored
figures on a light background with incised detail)

Exekias,Attic Black Figure Amphora dated ca. 540-530 BC, British Museum
Source: https://www.flicker.com/photos/carolemage/855824946

The red-figure technique was invented in Athens and is the inverse of

the black-figure. Here, light-colored figures are set against a dark
background. The Kerch style, also referred to as Kerch vases, is created
from this technique.

Terracotta Volute Krater,c.450 BCE, Metropolitan Judgment of Paris, attic red-figure Pelike, Kerch
Museum of Art, New York City Style, 360 BC
Source: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/kerch_style
Source: https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/247964

Tomb/Wall Painting
It also became prevalent in the Classical Greek era. It uses the
method frescoes, either tempera or encaustic.

Tomb of the Diver, limestone, 5 th Century BCE, National Museum of Paestum

Source: https://www.wikiart.org/en/ancient-greek-painting/tomb-of-the-diver-in-paestrum-italy--470

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Panel Painting
This painting is made on a flat panel made of wood, either a single
piece or several pieces joined together. The techniques used were encaustic
(wax) and tempera.

Pitsa Panels or Pitsa Tablets, c. 540-530 BC, National Archeological Museum, Naples
Source: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitsa_panels

Romantic Period Painting

The paintings in this period were mostly copied from Hellenistic Greek
paintings. Fresco technique was used in brightly colored backgrounds.
Roman paintings have a wide variety of subjects, everyday life, still life,
mythological subjects, portraits, and landscapes. The development of
landscape painting is the main innovation of Roman Painting from Greek art.
Mosaic
It is an art process where an image is produced by arranging together
small colored pieces of hard material such as stone, tile, or glass.

Mosaic Head of Alexander,c. 100BC, National Archeological Museum, Naples

Source: https://www.astro.rug.nl/-weygaert/alexandermosaic.html

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Medieval Period Paintings
Byzantine Painting
The Byzantine paintings spiritual and stirring. Artists were restricted
to Biblical themes and depictions of the Virgin Mary holding baby Jesus.

Source: https://www.ancient.eu/amp/1-12725

Romanesque Painting
The themes of the Romanesque paintings are almost exclusively
religious and are at the service of architecture. Its common location is inside
the churches, decorating walls.

Master of Taull, apse painting, San Clemente in Taull,

c. 1123, Museu Nacional d’Art de Catalunya-MNAC, Barcelona
Source: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/master_of_Taull

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Gothic Era Painting
Paintings have been confined to the illumination of manuscript pages
and the painting of frescoes on the walls of churches in cosmopolitan style,
elegant, mannered, and sophisticated.

North Rose Window The Lady in the Unicorn Tapestry, c. 1500,

Notre Dame Cathedral, Chartres, France, Musee National du Moyen Age, Paris
Source:
c-1235 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Lady_and_the_uni
Source: © Guillaume Piolle / public domain, via Wikimedia corn_Sight.jpg
Commons

What’s More
ACTIVITY 2: What a Wonderful World
The development of landscape painting is the main innovation of Roman
Painting from Greek painting. Landscape painting is the depiction of natural
scenery in art. It may capture the fields, forests, mountains, valleys, and other
bodies of land; rivers, streams, ocean and other bodies of water.
In this activity, you will paint the natural scenery of your choice.
Materials:
Oslo paper/watercolor paper/vellum paper
Poster color/poster paint/acrylic/watercolor
Paint brushes, rags, water containers for mixing and cleaning
Procedure:
1. Prepare all the materials you will need, place them on a flat
surface where you can evenly paint.
2. Think of a picturesque scenery and start sketching it on your
paper. Make sure that the sketch lines are so light so it will not
be hard to cover with paints later on.

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 3. In landscape painting, the background, the midground and the
foreground are highly regarded. The background is the farthest
image in your scenery. The foreground is the image nearest to
the viewer. The midground is the space in between the
background and foreground.
4. Start painting the background, then the midground, then lastly
the foreground. This process is important to determine the
space and distance of the different images in your painting.
Remember the size variation, the farther the image, the smaller;
the nearer the image, the bigger.
5. When you’re finished, write a title of your painting at the back
and a short description of it.

RUBRIC FOR YOUR LANDSCAPE PAINTING

CRITERIA 5 points 10 points 15 points 20 points

The work shows The work The work The work
no shows a shows shows
Foreground, understanding of developing proficient exceptional
Midground, background, understanding understanding understanding
Background midground, and of background, of background, of background,
foreground midground, midground, midground,
and foreground and foreground and foreground
There is no use There is limited There is There is
of atmospheric use of considerable exceptional use
Atmospheric
perspective atmospheric use of of atmospheric
Perspective
perspective atmospheric perspective
perspective
The work shows The work The work The work
no shows limited shows shows
Overlapping understanding of understanding considerable exceptional
and Size overlapping or of overlapping understanding understanding
Variation size variation or size of overlapping of overlapping
variation or size or size
variation variation

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 What I Have Learned
INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY
To gauge your understanding of the lesson about the western classical
paintings, below is the table you have to fill in. Write the characteristics
and purpose of the paintings in every given period.

Periods Characteristics Purposes

Prehistoric Paintings

Egyptian Paintings

Greek Paintings

Roman Paintings

Byzantine Paintings

Romanesque
Paintings

Gothic Paintings

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 What I Can Do
Let’s do a little reflection on all you have learned about the lesson.
Please answer thoroughly and in complete sentences.

DESCRIBE something you learned and/or improved upon during the assignment

ANALYZE what makes your artworks ‘good’

REFLECT on the process and product. What grade do you deserve and why?

CONNECT what could be improved upon in your artworks and how to achieve that
improvement.

Assessment
I. MATCHING TYPE
Direction: Match COLUMN A (Paintings) with COLUMN B (Period).
COLUMN A COLUMN B
WESTERN CLASSICAL PAINTING PERIOD/ERA
_____1. Cave Lascaux paintings a. Prehistoric
_____2. Tomb of the Diver b. Ancient Egypt
_____3. Virgin Mary Holding Child Jesus c. Classical Greek
_____4. Head of Alexander d. Romantic
_____5. Lady of Unicorn Tapestry e. Byzantine
_____6. Rose Window f. Romanesque
_____7. The Court of Empress Theodora g. Gothic
_____8. Mosaic of Head of Alexander
_____9. Painting from Sarcophagus of Tutankhamen
_____10. Pitsa Panel painting

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II. IDENTIFICATION
Direction: Identify the respective art period being described. (Prehistoric,
Ancient Egypt, Classical Greek, Romantic, Gothic)
11. The themes of the paintings in this period are almost exclusively
religious, and are at the service of architecture.
12. In this period, the artists used several techniques and styles in
vases.
13. The ancient Egyptians painted the walls and ceilings in the belief
that the one who passed away would be able to take all of the images
of their life with them.
14. Their paintings used combinations of minerals, ochers, burnt bone
meal and charcoal mixed into water, blood, animal fats, and tree
saps to etch humans, animals and signs.
15. The paintings in this period were mostly copied from Hellenistic
Greek paintings.

Additional Activities
Watch a landscape painting tutorial for beginners on YouTube. Just visit
this link: https://youtu.be/SHtV9rsy8k

Do and follow the instructions given in the tutorial video. You can choose
the medium you prefer. For this type of paper, you may use a thicker sheet
like the watercolor paper or vellum paper for a better quality of your landscape
painting. Have fun, artist!

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 Answer Key
B
D
A
C
B
Pitsa Panel
Head of Alexander
The Court of Empress Theodora
Lascaux Cave Paintings
Aphrodite (fresco)
Hieroglyphics
Tomb of the Diver
Rose Window
Judgment of Paris
Lady of Unicorn Tapestry
What I Know

References
Books
Huyghe, Rene. Art and Mankind: Larousse Encyclopedia of Byzantine And Medieval
Art. The Hamlyn Publishing Group Ltd., Hamlyn House, The Center, Feltham,
Middlesex, 1961

Image Resources
● https://www.visual-arts-cork.com/prehistoric/lascaux-cave-paintings.html
● https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_funerary_practices
● https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/468796642461344251
● https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/502714377156315538
● https://www.flicker.com/photos/carolemage/855824946
● https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/247964
● https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/kerch_style
● https://www.wikiart.org/en/ancient-greek-painting/tomb-of-the-diver-in-paestrum-
italy--470
● https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitsa_panels
● https://www.astro.rug.nl/-weygaert/alexandermosaic.html
● https://www.ancient.eu/amp/1-12725
● https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/master_of_Taull
● https://arthistoryblogger.blogspot.com/2011/09/chartres-cathedrals-north-rose-
window.html?m=1
● https://en.m.wikipedia.org/Barberini_Ivory
● https://www.essential-humanities.net
● https://images.search.yahoo.com/images/view;ylt=A2KJkezWolRS90YAGIKJzbkF;yl
u=x3oDMTFxa29
● https://www.wikiart.org/en/ancient-greek-painting/tomb-of-the-diver-in-paestrum-
italy--470

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 Development Team of the Module

Writer: Noli L. Bragais (SEHS)

Editors: Joseph R. Boyles (SEHS)
Hadji Tejada (NHS)
Emily G. Santos (PSDS)
Internal Reviewer: Jovita Consorcia F. Mani
(Education Program Supervisor- MAPEH)
External Reviewer:
Illustrators: Noli L. Bragais (SEHS)
Layout Artist: Jessica M. Alparaz (SEHS)
Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Jovita Consorcia F. Mani

Education Program Supervisor – Music, Arts, Physical Education & Health

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

Education Program Supervisor– Learning Resource Management Section

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

Email Address: sdo.marikina@deped.gov.ph

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989

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