MAKERERE UNIVERSITY

Department of Electrical and Computer

Engineering
College of Engineering, Design Art and
Technology

ELE3114: Electrical Machines and Drives I

03 September 2019

Tutorial 1

Question 1
(a) Explain three reasons why despite the fact that the use of tertiary
windings involves an increase in transformer cost of approximately 6%
to 8% with a corresponding increase in losses of some 5%, tertiary
windings are still essential for star/star transformers.
[6 marks]

(b) A three-phase Yd1 connected 140MVA 132 kV/33 kV 50Hz transformer

is designed to have a core with a nominal diameter of 500 mm and a
maximum operating flux density of 1.55 T. Calculate the phase voltage and
current for the primary and secondary windings.
[3 marks]
(c) Assume the transformer in (b) is to be designed as a two-winding
transformer and has Yd11 vector group. For this design: Draw the winding
connection diagram and vector diagram.
[4 marks]
(d) List four advantages of connecting transformer windings in a star
configuration
[6 marks]
(e) Briefly explain two critical degradation stresses a transformer experiences
during its lifetime?
[2 marks]

(f) If a transformer initially designed for a substation in New York, USA is to be

used by a substation in Kampala, Uganda, what possible operational
problem may it experience? Assume that the voltage levels at the two
substations are the same.

[4 marks]
Total [25 marks]
Question 2
a) A single phase 50kVA, 2400/240 V transformer is connected as a step-up
autotransformer from a 2.4kV supply. For this design neglecting losses:
i) Calculate the currents in each part of the autotransformer.
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 [3 marks]
ii) Determine the rated kVA of the unit as an autotransformer.
[3 marks]

b) The parameters of a 150 kVA, 2400/240 V transformer are 𝑅1 = 0.2 Ω,

𝑅2 = 2 𝑚Ω , 𝑋1 = 0.45 Ω , 𝑋2 = 4.5 𝑚Ω, 𝑅𝑐 = 10 𝑘Ω and 𝑋𝑚 =
1.55 𝑘Ω. Using the circuit below that is referred to the primary side where 𝒂
denotes the turns ratio. With the transformer operating at rated load with 0.8
power factor lagging, determine both the:

i) voltage regulation
ii) and the efficiency of the transformer.

[9, 4 marks]

c) Briefly describe the short circuit and open circuit tests that are used to
determine the circuit parameters of a transformer.

[3,3 marks]
Total [25 marks]

Question 3
(a) Transformer oil acts as not only the dielectric for electric insulation, but
also the cooling medium. Different methods exist to dissipate the heat
from the transformer oil to the surrounding air. Describe four methods
used in cooling of power transformer.
[8 marks]

(b) A three-phase Yd1 connected 140MVA 132 kV/33 kV 50Hz transformer

is designed to have a core with a nominal diameter of 500 mm and a
maximum operating flux density of 1.55 T. Calculate the phase voltage and
current for the primary and secondary windings.
[3 marks]
(c) Assume the transformer in (b) is to be designed as a two-winding
transformer and has Yd1 vector group. For this design: Draw the winding
connection diagram and vector diagram.
[4 marks]
(d) List four advantages of connecting transformer windings in a star

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 configuration
[6 marks]
(e) Using diagrams show the difference between three phase shell-form
transformers and three phase core-form transformers.
[2 marks]

(f) If a transformer initially designed for a substation in New York, USA is to be

used by a substation in Kampala, Uganda, what possible operational
problem may it experience? Assume that the voltage levels at the two
substations are the same.

[4 marks]
Total [25 marks]
Question 4
d) Open circuit and short circuit tests were performed on a single-phase 50 Hz
transformer rated at 20 MVA, 120 kV/12 kV transformer and the results are
as follows:

(i) Draw the equivalent circuit of a transformer, label each component and
describe what each component represents
[4 marks]
(ii) Calculate the value of each component in this equivalent circuit, referred
to the secondary side. (assuming R’1=R2, X’1=X2).
[8 marks]

e) This transformer is connected to a short overhead line which can be

represented by a series impedance of (0.03+j0.15) per unit on a base of 40
MVA and 12 kV. This line supplies a load rated at 10 MVA, 12 kV, with a
lagging power factor of 0.8.
i) Draw the equivalent circuit of the system, indicating all the values of
impedances in per unit, using 40 MVA and 12 kV as the base (neglecting
transformer magnetising current and core losses).
ii) With the voltage at the primary side of the transformer held constant at
120 kV, the load at the receiving end of the line is disconnected. Find
the voltage regulation at the load.

[4, 9 marks]
Total [25 marks]

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