BT Presentation 4 Masonry

1.
MORTARS AND
PLASTER
1.01 Cement Mortar
1.02 Plaster
1.02.a Types of
Plaster
2. UNIT MASONRY
2.01 Definition
2.02 Stone
DIVISION 4
2.03 Brick
2.04 Glass Block
2.05 Concrete
Hollow Block
Masonry
1. MORTARS AND 1. MORTARS AND PLASTERS
PLASTER
1.01 Cement Mortar
1.02 Plaster
1.02.a Types of • Mortar is cement mix used to adhere masonry units
Plaster
together, or other surface finishing materials like tiles,
2. UNIT MASONRY bricks, stones to a receiving structure like a wall or
2.01 Definition
2.02 Stone floor.
2.03 Brick
2.04 Glass Block
• Plaster is mortar applied to wall surfaces as a
2.05 Concrete preparation or a hard finish coat.
Hollow Block
2.06 Plaster Block
2.07 Structural
Clay tile
PLASTER
1.01 Cement Mortar
1.02 Plaster
1.02.a Types of 1.01 CEMENT MORTAR
Plaster
2. UNIT MASONRY
- is a proportioned mixture of cement, fine aggregate
2.01 Definition and water.
2.02 Stone
2.03 Brick
2.04 Glass Block - Replacing 10 or 15 percent of the cement by volume with
2.05 Concrete
Hollow Block hydrated lime gives greater workability and increases
2.06 Plaster Block
2.07 Structural the strength of the mortar.
Clay tile
- Mortar made with fine sand requires a much larger

quantity of cement to obtain a given strength than mortar
made with coarse sand.
PLASTER
1.01 Cement Mortar
1.02 Plaster
1.02.a Types of 1.01 CEMENT MORTAR
Plaster
2. UNIT MASONRY - Mortar may be mixed by hand or mechanical mixers, the

2.01 Definition latter being preferred for large quantities.
2.02 Stone
2.03 Brick
2.04 Glass Block - When the mixing is done by hand, it should be done on
2.05 Concrete platforms made watertight to prevent the loss of cement.
Hollow Block
2.06 Plaster Block
2.07 Structural - The cement and sand should be mixed dry in small
Clay tile batches in the proportions required on a clean platform.
- Water is added and the whole remixed until it is
homogeneous in color and leaves the mixing hoe clean
when drawn out.
- Mortar should never be retempered after it has begun to
set
PLASTER
1.01 Cement Mortar
1.02 Plaster
1.02.a Types of 1.02 PLASTER
Plaster
- is a mortar of cementitious material ( lime, gypsum or
2. UNIT MASONRY
2.01 Definition cement), sand and water which is applied in coats (layers) to
2.02 Stone masonry surfaces, lath or various types of plaster board to give
2.03 Brick
2.04 Glass Block a hard finish surface to interior or exterior walls and ceilings.
2.05 Concrete
Hollow Block - Fiber or hair is sometimes added to the mixture to give increased
2.06 Plaster Block
2.07 Structural strength as when used for the first coat.
Clay tile
- Plastering is done according to two basic methods: two-coat and
three-coat. A three-coat job consists of :
• a first binding coat called scratch coat;

• a second straightening coat called the brown-coat; and
• a final coat called the finish coat.
In the two-coat work, the scratch and brown coats are combined into one.
PLASTER
1.01 Cement Mortar
1.02 Plaster
1.02.a Types of 1.03 TYPES OF PLASTER AND THEIR USES
Plaster
2. UNIT MASONRY
a. Portland Cement Plaster
2.01 Definition
2.02 Stone
2.03 Brick
• Mixed with water, sand and lime putty. Used for two and three-
2.04 Glass Block coat finish surfaces for exterior and interior walls and ceilings
2.05 Concrete
Hollow Block
2.06 Plaster Block
2.07 Structural
Clay tile
PLASTER
1.01 Cement Mortar
1.02 Plaster
Plaster
2. UNIT MASONRY
b. Lime Plaster
2.01 Definition
2.02 Stone Lime putty (hydrated lime and water), mixed on the job with
2.03 Brick
2.04 Glass Block sand and gypsum plaster, used for two and three-coat finish
2.05 Concrete
Hollow Block
surfaces for interior walls and ceilings.
2.06 Plaster Block
2.07 Structural Scratch coat : 1 part lime putty, 1 part Portland
Clay tile
cement or Keene’s cement, 2-3/4
parts sand by weight.
Brown coat : 1 part lime putty, 1part Portland
cement or Keene’s cement, 3 parts
sand by weight.
Finish coat:
Hard finish : 1 part lime putty, 1/3 gypsum
plaster by volume
Sand float : 1 part lime putty, ¼ gypsum
plaster, 2 parts sand by volume
PLASTER
1.01 Cement Mortar
1.02 Plaster
Plaster
2. UNIT MASONRY
c. Gypsum Plaster
2.01 Definition
2.02 Stone •Gypsum plaster. Plaster of Paris mixed with clay, lime and
2.03 Brick
2.04 Glass Block other materials in combinations covered by trademarks or
2.05 Concrete
Hollow Block
patents. Mixed on the job with water, sand, lime putty, hair or
2.06 Plaster Block fiber for two or three-coat finish surfaces for interior walls and
2.07 Structural
Clay tile ceilings; or used dry as ingredient for hard or sand float finish
with lime plaster (see above).
•High-strength gypsum plaster. Same as gypsum plaster

but mixed to meet established standards. Mixed on the job
with water, sand, lime putty, hair or fiber for two and three-
coat finish surfaces for both exteriors and interiors.
- Scratch and brown coats : 1 part high-strength gypsum
plaster to 2 parts sand by weight.
- Hard finish : ¼ lime putty to 1 part high-
strength gypsum plaster by volume
PLASTER
1.01 Cement Mortar
1.02 Plaster
Plaster
2. UNIT MASONRY
c. Gypsum Plaster
2.01 Definition
2.02 Stone •Fibered gypsum plaster. Gypsum plaster premixed with
2.03 Brick
2.04 Glass Block fibers. Mixed on the job with water and sand for scratch coat
2.05 Concrete
Hollow Block
for three-coat plastering job
2.06 Plaster Block
2.07 Structural
Clay tile •Prepared gypsum plaster. Gypsum plaster mixed with fine
white sand. Used for two and three-coat finish surfaces for
interior walls and ceilings .
- Scratch and brown coats : mix per manufacturer’s instructions.
- Finish coat: Any type of final coat plaster
(gypsum, Keene’s cement, lime or
prepared finish coat
PLASTER
1.01 Cement Mortar
1.02 Plaster
Plaster
2. UNIT MASONRY
c. Gypsum Plaster
2.01 Definition
2.02 Stone •Bonding plaster. Gypsum plaster mixed with ingredients
2.03 Brick
2.04 Glass Block develop more adhesive strength in combinations covered by
2.05 Concrete
Hollow Block
trademarks or patents. Used for interior finish for smooth
2.06 Plaster Block concrete walls or ceilings. Mix and apply as per
2.07 Structural
Clay tile manufacturer’s directions
•Lightweight gypsum plaster, fire-resistant plaster.

Gypsum plaster mixed on the job with water, perlite,
vermiculite or other suitable mineral aggregate. Lightweight
gypsum plaster is used when weight is important, and for fire-
proofing other materials such as steel. Applied on lath. For
interior use only .
- Scratch and brown coats : 2 sand, 2 cu. ft. perlite or vermiculite per 100 lb. of plaster.
- Brown coat: 3 sand, 3 cu ft. perlite or vermiculite per 100 lb. of plaster.
- Finish coat:
Hard finish: 1/3 gypsum plaster, 1 lime putty by volume
Sand Float Finish: 1 gypsum plaster, 1-1/2 sand by volume
PLASTER
1.01 Cement Mortar
1.02 Plaster
Plaster
2. UNIT MASONRY
c. Gypsum Plaster
2.01 Definition
2.02 Stone •Keene’s cement. Plaster of Paris mixed with alum or borax
2.03 Brick
2.04 Glass Block or other materials and burned (calcined) at 932F. Mixed on
2.05 Concrete
Hollow Block
the job with water, lime putty and fine white sand as hard
2.06 Plaster Block finish for two and three-coat gypsum plaster. For interior use
2.07 Structural
Clay tile only
- Hard finish : 1 Keene’s cement, ¼ lime putty,
1/10 fine white sand by weight .
- Sand float finish : ½ Keene’s cement, 2 lime putty, 4 ½
sand by volume.
• Plaster of Paris. For ornamental plaster work and castings.
• Molding plaster. For ornamental plaster work and castings. Mix

with water as per manufacturer’s directions.
• Acoustics plaster. For acoustic treatment of interior walls and

ceilings. Applied on gypsum plaster base coats. Mix with water as
per manufacturer’s directions.
PLASTER
1.01 Cement Mortar
1.02 Plaster
Plaster
2. UNIT MASONRY
d. “Sgraffito”
2.01 Definition
2.02 Stone
2.03 Brick
• is highly decorative type of plaster work developed in Italy
2.04 Glass Block during the Renaissance. This type of technique consists of
2.05 Concrete
Hollow Block applying two or three thin coats of plaster different colors and
2.06 Plaster Block
2.07 Structural then cutting away certain areas of one or two coats to produce
Clay tile a three-dimensional colored design.
PLASTER
1.01 Cement Mortar
1.02 Plaster
Plaster
2. UNIT MASONRY
2.01 DEFINITION
2.01 Definition Masonry - is a built-up construction or combination of building
2.02 Stone
2.03 Brick materials as clay, concrete, or stone set in mortar; or
2.04 Glass Block
2.05 Concrete plain concrete.
Hollow Block
2.06 Plaster Block
2.07 Structural Masonry Terms:
Clay tile
a. Bed – The horizontal surfaces on which the
stones or bricks of walls lie in the courses.
Course
b. Course – A continuous layer of bricks, stones,
or other masonry units
c. Wythe or Tier – Each continuous, vertical Wythe

or Tier
section of the wall, one masonry unit thick.
1. MORTARS AND 2. UNIT MASONRY
PLASTER
1.01 Cement Mortar
1.02 Plaster 2.01 DEFINITION
1.02.a Types of
Plaster
Masonry Terms:
2. UNIT MASONRY
2.01 Definition d. Bond – That connection between bricks, stones
2.02 Stone
2.03 Brick or other masonry units formed by lapping them
2.04 Glass Block one upon another carrying up the work, so as to
2.05 Concrete
Hollow Block form an inseparable mass of building, by
2.06 Plaster Block
2.07 Structural preventing the vertical joints falling over each
Clay tile other (also called a breaking joint).
e. Stretcher – A brick or block masonry laid

lengthwise of a wall
f. Header – A brick or block masonry extending

over the thickness of the wall
PLASTER
1.01 Cement Mortar
1.02 Plaster 2.01 DEFINITION
1.02.a Types of
Plaster Masonry Terms:
2. UNIT MASONRY
2.01 Definition g. Heading course – A course in which the bricks or
2.02 Stone
2.03 Brick
other masonry units are all headers.
2.04 Glass Block
2.05 Concrete
Hollow Block h. Soldier – A unit laid on its end with its face
2.06 Plaster Block
2.07 Structural perpendicular to the face of the wall.
Clay tile
i. Quoins – The corner stones at the angles of
buildings, usually rusticated so as to project from
the normal surface of the wall.
j. Bond Stones – Stones running through the

thickness of the wall at right angles to its face, in
order to bind it together.
k. Blocking or Blocking Course – A course of stones

placed on top of cornice crowning the walls
PLASTER
1.01 Cement Mortar
1.02 Plaster 2.02 STONE
1.02.a Types of
Plaster - Stone, together with wood and clay, are the basic building
2. UNIT MASONRY material of man. The history of architecture until as late as
2.01 Definition 1900 was largely the history of stone in architecture,
2.02 Stone
2.03 Brick
2.04 Glass Block
2.05 Concrete - Stone was the structural material, the
Hollow Block exterior and interior finishing material,
the flooring material and in many cases
the roofing material.
- It was also used for all types of

sculpture, statuary, and decorative and
ornamental applications.
- Today, stone is largely used as a

surface finishing material for both the
exterior and interior of buildings.
PLASTER
1.01 Cement Mortar
1.02.a Types of
Plaster - Stone, together with wood and clay, are the basic building
2. UNIT MASONRY material of man. The history of architecture until as late as
2.01 Definition 1900 was largely the history of stone in architecture,
2.02 Stone
2.03 Brick
2.04 Glass Block
2.05 Concrete - Stone was the structural material, the
Hollow Block exterior and interior finishing material,
the flooring material and in many cases
the roofing material.
- It was also used for all types of

sculpture, statuary, and decorative and
ornamental applications.
- Today, stone is largely used as a

surface finishing material for both the
exterior and interior of buildings.
PLASTER
1.01 Cement Mortar
1.02.a Types of
Plaster
2. UNIT MASONRY
2.01 Definition
2.02 Stone - Stone commonly used for architectural purposes include
2.03 Brick
2.04 Glass Block
2.05 Concrete granite limestone
Hollow Block
2.06 Plaster Block
2.07 Structural
Clay tile
marble sandstone
travertine slate.
PLASTER
1.01 Cement Mortar
1.02.a Types of
Plaster They are commonly classified as:
2. UNIT MASONRY
2.01 Definition a. Rubble Stone. Stone
2.02 Stone
2.03 Brick
delivered from the quarries
2.04 Glass Block rough and irregular shape.
2.05 Concrete
Hollow Block
2.06 Plaster Block
2.07 Structural
Clay tile
b. Dimension Stone. Stone

cut into specific size,
squared to dimensions, and
to a specific thickness
PLASTER
1.01 Cement Mortar
1.02.a Types of
Plaster - STONEWORK: The types of stonework are based on the shape
2. UNIT MASONRY and the surface treatment of finish of the stone :
2.01 Definition
2.02 Stone
2.03 Brick
2.04 Glass Block a. Rubble work. In rubble
2.05 Concrete
Hollow Block masonry, the blocks of stones
2.06 Plaster Block that are used are either
2.07 Structural
Clay tile undressed or comparatively
roughly dressed. The masonry
has wide joints since stones of
irregular size are used.
• Scabbled
• Range Rubble
b. Random work. Stones fitted

together at random without any
attempt to lay them in course.
PLASTER
1.01 Cement Mortar
1.02.a Types of
Plaster - STONEWORK:
2. UNIT MASONRY
2.01 Definition
c. Ashlar
2.02 Stone
2.03 Brick
2.04 Glass Block • Ranged Work or Course
2.05 Concrete Ashlar
Hollow Block
2.06 Plaster Block Uniform courses with stones
2.07 Structural
Clay tile in uniform size
PLASTER
1.01 Cement Mortar
1.02.a Types of
2. UNIT MASONRY
2.01 Definition
c. Ashlar
2.02 Stone
2.03 Brick • Broken Range Ashlar
2.04 Glass Block
2.05 Concrete Course laid with the horizontal joints
Hollow Block
2.06 Plaster Block
uninterrupted but the width of the
2.07 Structural course and length of the stones
Clay tile
varies to produce a wall with a less
regular pattern.
PLASTER
1.01 Cement Mortar
1.02.a Types of
2. UNIT MASONRY
2.01 Definition
c. Ashlar
2.02 Stone
2.03 Brick • Random course their rectangular
2.04 Glass Block
2.05 Concrete shape and are laid on horizontal
Hollow Block
2.06 Plaster Block
beds but no effort is made to
2.07 Structural continue the horizontal beds
Clay tile
through in an uninterrupted
manner. Large stones combine with
small ones in a convenient and, if
possible, an interesting manner.
PLASTER
1.01 Cement Mortar
1.02.a Types of
2. UNIT MASONRY
2.01 Definition
d. Rustic or Rock work -
2.02 Stone
2.03 Brick
2.04 Glass Block • Courses of stone face which
2.05 Concrete
Hollow Block is jagged, so as to present a
2.06 Plaster Block rough surface.
2.07 Structural
Clay tile
* Rustication occurs
when heavier stones or
areas of stone project
from the normal face of
the surrounding wall or
of the joint themselves.
PLASTER
1.01 Cement Mortar
1.02 Plaster 2.03 BRICKS
1.02.a Types of
Plaster
-are structural units of clay or shale formed while plastic and
2. UNIT MASONRY subsequently fired.
2.01 Definition
2.02 Stone
2.03 Brick
2.04 Glass Block -The manufacture of brick consists essentially of screening,
2.05 Concrete grinding, or working the clay to the desired consistency for
Hollow Block
2.06 Plaster Block moulding, whether by hand or machine.
2.07 Structural
Clay tile
-After moulding, the bricks are dried and then burned in kilns
for many hours at high temperatures, approximately 2000F.
-These processes purify the raw products, make it uniform

and homogeneous, burn out all combustible matter, and result
in a product which is both stable and physically permanent .
-Standard size of brick is 3-3/4” x 2-1/4” x 8”.

PLASTER
1.01 Cement Mortar
1.02.a Types of
Plaster
2. UNIT MASONRY
2.01 Definition
2.02 Stone
2.03 Brick
2.04 Glass Block
2.05 Concrete
Hollow Block
2.06 Plaster Block
2.07 Structural
Clay tile
PLASTER
1.01 Cement Mortar
1.02.a Types of
Plaster
2. UNIT MASONRY
2.01 Definition
2.02 Stone
2.03 Brick
2.04 Glass Block
2.05 Concrete
Hollow Block
2.06 Plaster Block
2.07 Structural
Clay tile
PLASTER
1.01 Cement Mortar
1.02.a Types of
Plaster The types of bricks most frequently used in architecture are :
2. UNIT MASONRY
2.01 Definition a. Common or building brick. Used for all
2.02 Stone
2.03 Brick purposes, including facing.
2.04 Glass Block
2.05 Concrete
Hollow Block
2.06 Plaster Block
b. Facing brick. Specially processed to give certain
2.07 Structural specific surface characteristics. Used for
Clay tile
exposed masonry surfaces.
c. Glazed brick. These have a smooth outer

surface with a dull satin or high gloss finish. They
are load bearing, fire resisting, and impervious.
They are usually formed with vertical hollow
cores through the body with scoring on the back.
d. Fire (refractory) brick. These are ordinarily

made from a mixture of flint clay and plastic clay,
and are used for the lining of furnaces,
fireplaces, and chimneys.
PLASTER
1.01 Cement Mortar
1.02.a Types of
Plaster BRICK WORK. The usual methods of laying brick are as follows :
2. UNIT MASONRY
2.01 Definition a. Common Bond. Consists of five
2.02 Stone
2.03 Brick stretcher courses and then a
2.04 Glass Block
2.05 Concrete header course. It is generally
Hollow Block
2.06 Plaster Block
begun with a row of headers at
2.07 Structural the bottom course
Clay tile
b. English Bond. Consists of

alternate courses of stretchers
and headers .
c. Flemish Bond. Consists of

alternate headers and stretchers
in each course .
d. Herringbone. The bricks are

laid diagonally to form a herring-
bone pattern.
PLASTER
1.01 Cement Mortar
1.02.a Types of
Plaster
2. UNIT MASONRY Mortar joints

2.01 Definition
2.02 Stone between brick
2.03 Brick
2.04 Glass Block courses are
2.05 Concrete usually from
Hollow Block
2.06 Plaster Block 4.5mm (3/16”)
2.07 Structural
Clay tile to 12mm (½”).
PLASTER
1.01 Cement Mortar
1.02 Plaster 2.04 GLASS BLOCK
1.02.a Types of
Plaster
2. UNIT MASONRY
2.01 Definition
2.02 Stone
2.03 Brick
2.04 Glass Block
2.05 Concrete
Hollow Block
2.06 Plaster Block
2.07 Structural
Clay tile
PLASTER
1.01 Cement Mortar
1.02 Plaster 2.05 CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCK (CHB/CMU)
1.02.a Types of
Plaster • Concrete Hollow Block (CHB) is a hollow masonry unit, with
2. UNIT MASONRY two or three cells or cores, made of the following ingredients:
2.01 Definition water, Portland cement, and various types of aggregate such
2.02 Stone
2.03 Brick as sand, gravel, and crushed stone.
2.04 Glass Block
2.05 Concrete
Hollow Block
2.06 Plaster Block
• Lightweight concrete hollow blocks are also manufactured
2.07 Structural with such aggregates as cinders, expanded slag, expanded
Clay tile
shale or clay. Expanded blast furnace slag rates the highest
in fire resistance, and due to its cellular structure, has high
sound and thermal insulation quality.
• These are manufactured by machine-mixing the ingredients,

pouring the mix into molds, and curing the block by air drying.
A steam-and-pressure curing process is also used which can
produce concrete hollow block in a few hours.
PLASTER
1.01 Cement Mortar
1.02.a Types of
Plaster • Standard CHB sizes are from thicknesses of 100mm (4”),
2. UNIT MASONRY 150mm (6”) and 200mm (8”) x height of 200mm (8”) x
2.01 Definition
2.02 Stone
length of 400mm (16”).
2.03 Brick
2.04 Glass Block
2.05 Concrete • CHB of 100mm (4”) thickness should be used only for
Hollow Block interior partition walls where weather-tightness is not
2.06 Plaster Block
2.07 Structural required.
Clay tile
PLASTER
1.01 Cement Mortar
1.02.a Types of
Plaster • The different types of concrete hollow block include:
2. UNIT MASONRY
2.01 Definition
2.02 Stone
a. Stretchers c. Corner blocks e. Beam or lintel
2.03 Brick
2.04 Glass Block blocks
2.05 Concrete
Hollow Block
2.06 Plaster Block
2.07 Structural
Clay tile
b. Headers d. Jamb blocks

PLASTER
1.01 Cement Mortar
1.02.a Types of
Plaster
• Concrete hollow blocks should be laid on a full bed
2. UNIT MASONRY of mortar with horizontal and vertical joints 10mm
2.01 Definition
2.02 Stone (3/8”) thick.
2.03 Brick
2.04 Glass Block
2.05 Concrete • Reinforcement for 100mm (4”) and 150mm (6”)
Hollow Block
2.06 Plaster Block thick wall shall be 10mm vertical bars at 600mm
2.07 Structural on centers and 10mm horizontal bars every third
Clay tile
course.
• Reinforcement for 200mm (8”) thick walls shall be 12mm

vertical bars at 600mm on center and 12mm horizontal bars
every third course.
• All horizontal reinforcement shall be tied to the vertical

reinforcement at their intersections.
• Dowel bars should be placed into the piers, columns, slabs,

leaving 20 bar diameters exposed to splice with the reinforcement
of the hollow blocks.
PLASTER
1.01 Cement Mortar
1.02.a Types of
Plaster • Block cells with reinforcement are filled with cement
2. UNIT MASONRY mortar.
2.01 Definition
2.02 Stone
2.03 Brick • Concrete hollow block walls should have a reinforced
2.04 Glass Block
2.05 Concrete concrete lintel or beam block course every twelfth course;
Hollow Block and a concrete column stiffener at every 4.80 meters
2.06 Plaster Block
2.07 Structural length.
Clay tile
PLASTER
1.01 Cement Mortar
1.02 Plaster 2.06 PLASTER BLOCK
1.02.a Types of
Plaster
- also known as gypsum partition blocks, are usually made
of gypsum, vegetable fibers as binders, and reinforcement.
2. UNIT MASONRY
2.01 Definition
2.02 Stone - used for lightweight, fire-resistant interior partitions and for
2.03 Brick
2.04 Glass Block furring and fireproofing columns.
2.05 Concrete
Hollow Block
2.06 Plaster Block
- Gypsum hollow blocks are manufactured in units of 75mm
2.07 Structural (3”), 100mm (4”) or 150mm ( 6”) thicknesses, x 300mm (12”)
Clay tile
height x 700mm (30”) length.
- Gypsum solid block is manufactured only with a 50mm (2”)

thickness.
PLASTER
1.01 Cement Mortar
1.02 Plaster 2.07 STRUCTURAL CLAY TILE
1.02.a Types of
Plaster - Structural clay tile are hollow masonry units, open at two ends
2. UNIT MASONRY with interior webs or partitions 19mm (¾”) to 25mm (1”)
2.01 Definition dividing the block into longitudinal cells.
2.02 Stone
2.03 Brick
2.04 Glass Block - In its manufacture, the various shapes of clay tile are formed
2.05 Concrete
Hollow Block through special dies and then wire-cut into the required
2.06 Plaster Block
2.07 Structural lengths.
Clay tile
- It may have a smooth or scored (grooved) surface. Structural

clay tile is classified into:
a. Load-bearing wall tile. 300mm x

300mm x 300mm (12” x 12” x 12”)
b. Non-load bearing, fireproofing,
partition, and furring tile. 100mm
(4”) or 125mm (5”) x 200mm x
300mm
End of
Div 04 MASONRY

BT Presentation 4 Masonry

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1.

- Mortar made with fine sand requires a much larger

2. UNIT MASONRY - Mortar may be mixed by hand or mechanical mixers, the

• a first binding coat called scratch coat;

•High-strength gypsum plaster. Same as gypsum plaster

•Lightweight gypsum plaster, fire-resistant plaster.

• Molding plaster. For ornamental plaster work and castings. Mix

• Acoustics plaster. For acoustic treatment of interior walls and

c. Wythe or Tier – Each continuous, vertical Wythe

e. Stretcher – A brick or block masonry laid

f. Header – A brick or block masonry extending

j. Bond Stones – Stones running through the

k. Blocking or Blocking Course – A course of stones

- It was also used for all types of

- Today, stone is largely used as a

- It was also used for all types of

- Today, stone is largely used as a

b. Dimension Stone. Stone

b. Random work. Stones fitted

-These processes purify the raw products, make it uniform

-Standard size of brick is 3-3/4” x 2-1/4” x 8”.

c. Glazed brick. These have a smooth outer

d. Fire (refractory) brick. These are ordinarily

b. English Bond. Consists of

c. Flemish Bond. Consists of

d. Herringbone. The bricks are

2. UNIT MASONRY Mortar joints

• These are manufactured by machine-mixing the ingredients,

b. Headers d. Jamb blocks

• Reinforcement for 200mm (8”) thick walls shall be 12mm

• All horizontal reinforcement shall be tied to the vertical

• Dowel bars should be placed into the piers, columns, slabs,

- Gypsum solid block is manufactured only with a 50mm (2”)

- It may have a smooth or scored (grooved) surface. Structural

a. Load-bearing wall tile. 300mm x

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