VOCABULARY

Health
1 to be in bad (poor, ill)
health
2 to enjoy good health
3 to promote (good) health
4 to recover (regain) one's
health
5 to ruin (undermine) one's
health
6 bad health
- broken health
- failing health
- feeble health
- fragile health
- frail health
Sport
1 to go in for sport(s)
/to engage in sports
2 amateur sports
3 aquatic sports (water
sports)
4 athletic sports
5 intramural sports
6 outdoor sports
7 professional sports
8 team sports
9 individual activities
10 a good sport /a poor
sport
- ill health 15 health aids/health
- poor health and beauty aids
7 good health 16 health and fitness
vigorous health /robust center
health 17 health at work
8 holistic (mental) 18 health farm
health 19 health resort
9 physical health 20 health hazard
10 public health 21 health risk
11 health authorities 22 healthy
12 healthy food 23 healthy life-style
13 healthful 24 health bill
14 She swims for her 25 infant health center
health 26 to come down with
11 physical labour exercise
12 sport facilities 22 shaping
13 power trainings 23 stretching
14 weight trainings 24 yoga, yogi
15 resistance trainings 25 aerobics
16 strenuous (physical) - aerobic exercise
activity - anaerobic activities
17 training session - gentle aerobic
18 exercise programme movements
19 to exercise 26 hooked on aerobics
20 to practice skills 27 functional fitness
21 cardiovascular 28 overall fitness
29 gymnastics
2
- rhythmic gymnastics 46 roller skating 66 bodybuilding
- artistic gymnastics 47 swimming 67 weightlifting
30 calisthenics 48 basketball 68 discus throwing
- to do calisthenics - shoot hoops 69 javelin throwing
- daily calisthenics - to shoot some hoops 70 throwing the hammer
- group calisthenics 49 soccer 71 pole vault
- free calisthenics 50 baseball 72 darts
31 warming up 51 rugby 73 fencing
32 cooling down 52 hockey 74 karate
33 stretches 53 American football 75 judo
34 push-up 54 tennis 76 wushu
35 riding an exercise - lawn tennis 77 ju-jitsu (jujitsu)
bike 55 polo 78 wrestling
36 tai chi - water polo - Greco-Roman
37 meditating 56 racing wrestling (Greco-Roman
38 walking - motor racing style)
39 running - harness racing - free-style wrestling
- slow running - horse racing - arm-wresting
40 relay race 57 rollerblading 79 boxing
41 jogging 58 skateboarding 80 unarmed self-defence
42 dancing 59 white water rafting 81 sumo
43 skiing 60 canoeing 82 aikido
44 cross-country skiing 61 rowing 83 muscle
45 ice skating 62 biking - a man of muscle
- figure skating - mountain biking - to contract muscle
- speed skating 63 abseiling - to flex, tense muscle
- short track speed 64 climbing a rock wall - to move muscle
skating 65 parachuting - to pull muscle

3
- to strain muscle - to scrunch set of 87 hips
- to relax muscle muscles up 88 shoulders
- to wrench a muscle - strained (pulled) 89 backs
- muscles ache muscles 90 to burn fat
- to develop one's 83 joint soreness 91 coordination
muscles 84 joints 92 clumsiness and lack
- pain muscle 85 ankles of coordination
86 knees
Sport equipment
1 skateboard ramp 15 weights 29 skid
2 cycling trails 16 dumb-bells 30 badminton racket
3 expensive gym 17 club 31 tennis racket
equipment 18 horizontal bar 32 shuttlecock
4 weight equipment 19 turnstile 33 golf-club
5 gym mat 20 sledge (sleigh, 34 hockey stick
6 training apparatus toboggan, luge) 35 puck
7 abdominal crunch 21 balance beam 36 trampoline
8 speedometer 22 bar 37 ball
9 hoop (in cricket) - bars - to kick the ball into the
10 gate - (gymnastics) parallel goal
- to stand in the gateway bars - to play ball
11 hole - uneven bars - tennis-ball
- to hole 23 vaulting horse 38 skis
- to bunker 24apparatus 39 skates
12 billiard-pocket 25 skipping rope - racing skates
- to pocket a ball 26 hoop - roller skates
13 cue 27 the rings
14 weight 28 discus

4
- figure skates 44 skittle - to hand/pass on the
40 football 45 ninepins(AM.) baton
hockey-ball 46 dart 56 tennis/handball/
41 double dribble 47 javelin volleyball court
- to dribble 48 rapier 57 ice hockey/skating
- dribble 49 foil rink
42 ball boy 50 épée 58 ring
43 to bat a ball 51 sabre 59 gymnasium
- to bounce a ball 52 spear 60 to keep fit
- to drop a ball 53 lance 61 a sportsman
- to fumble a ball 54 hammer 62 an amateur
- to hit a ball 55 baton 63 a professional
- to kick a ball - to take the baton from
- to kick a ball about smb.
- to kick a ball around
Looking after your body
1 cardiovascular system 13 stamina - to put on weight
2 respiratory systems 14 strength 21 to lose weight
3 immune system 15 flexibility - to take off weight
4 beauty parlour 16 endurance 22 physical therapy
5 solarium 17 suppleness 23 physical training
6 massage room 18 dexterity 24 physical power
7 gymnasium manual dexterity 25 physical culture
8 to reap the benefits 19 obesity 26 physical drill
9 psychological well - corpulence 27 physical examination
10 force - portliness 28 physical complaints
11 accuracy - burliness 29 physical complaints
12 inner strengths 20 to gain weight 30 to go to sleep

5
31 to get (have) a good 54 complementary 71 X-ray therapy/ quick
night's sleep medicine relaxation technique
32 to induce sleep - homeopathy 72 heavy( labored,
33 to lose sleep over - acupuncture noisy) breathing
smth. - shiatsu (acupressure) irregular breathing
34 to walk in one's sleep - spiritual healing regular (steady)breathing
35 one's beauty sleep 55 herbal tea
36 deep sleep 56 chamomile (a sort of 73 deep breathing
- adequate sleep tea) 74 meditation
- profound sleep 57 aromatherapy - to meditate
37 sound sleep 58 aromatherapy oils 75 to be under stress
38 heavy sleep 59 lavender oil 76 dynamic stress
39 fitful sleep 60 music therapy 77 mental stress
40 light sleep 61 recreational therapy 78 physical stress
41 restful sleep 62 electro-convulsive - to control stress
42 drugged sleep therapy - to prevent stress
43 sleep-sick 63 electro-shock - to deal with stress
44 sleep deprivation therapy - to unwind
sleep-deprived people 64 group therapy 79 stress factor /stressor
45 burnout 65 inhalation therapy 80 stress situation
46 retire to rest 66 occupational therapy 81 massage
47 go to rest 67 physical therapy - neck massage
48 bed rest 68 radiation therapy - shoulder massage
49 without rest 69 shock therapy - hand massage
50 take a rest 70 speech therapy - back massage
51 rest is crucial - body massage
52 rest cure - facial massage
53 rest home - therapeutic massage

6
82 to give (smb.) a - to get a massage
massage
83 massage oil 101 hygiene of work - hair crack
84 massage with rollers 102 hygiene factors 117 hair follicle
85 massaging action 103 hygienic education 118 hair marrow
86 positive self-talk 104 chapped skin 119 hair pouch
87 balanced lifestyle 105 coarse (rough) skin 120 hair spray
88 biorhythm 106 delicate (fine) skin 121 hair tonic
89 body clocks 107 dry skin 122 hairclipper
90 to enhance immune 108 oily skin 123 hairdryer
function 109 soft skin 124 mouth cavity
91 to extend longevity 110 irritated skin 125 to rinse one's mouth
92 to practice (good) 111 smooth skin - to brush (clean) one's
hygiene 112 skin disease teeth
93 dental hygiene 113 pimple - to drill a tooth
94 feminine hygiene - spot - to extract a tooth
95 field hygiene - pustule - to fill a tooth
96 industrial hygiene - acne - to pick one's teeth
97 mental hygiene 114 to shampoo hair - teeth ache
98 personal hygiene - to wash hair 126 teeth decay (rot)
99 sexual hygiene 115 hair conditioner 127 teeth get discolored
100 social hygiene 116 hair cracking 128 teeth lacquering

Food
1 nutrition 4 fats 8 calcium
2 proteins 5 vitamins 9 insufficient calcium
3 carbohydrates 6 minerals 10 phosphorus
7 fibre 11 animal ingredients

7
12 energy metabolism 14 diet
13 proper eating habits - no carb diet

- to be on diet - salt-free diet 29 change in behavior

- to follow (stick to, go - fad diet 30 signs of bulimia
on, keep to) a diet 15 starchy foods - feeling of guilt or
- to prescribe a diet 16 dairy products fear
- balanced 17 vegetarian - using laxatives
(well-balanced, steady) 18 vegetarian food - to vomit
diet 19 “junk” food - to spew
- bland diet 20 ready made food 31 calorie
- crash diet 21 fast food 32 gram calorie
- reducing diet 22 appetizers 33 large calorie
- special diet - starter 34 to count calorie
- high-calorie diet - entrees 35 empty calorie
- high-fibre diet 23 modest portions 36 to digest
- low-sodium diet 24 anorexia 37 digestible
- starvation diet 25 bulimia 38 digestive apparatus
- therapeutic diet 26 signs of anorexia 39 digestion
- milk-free diet 27 drastic weight loss 40 digestive value
- low-salt diet 28 self-starvation
Healthcare
1 blood vessel 7 central venous line 13 ACE inhibitor
2 coronary artery 8 to open a vein 14 ARB medication
3 pulmonary artery 9 jugular vein 15 genetic counseling
4 ruptured artery 10 varicose veins 16 intensive care unit
5 common carotid artery 11 clot 17 catheter
6 subclavian vein 12 beta blocker 18 intravenously
8
19 sterile sheet 38 pertussis (whooping - to get an injection
20 sterile gloves cough) - lethal injection
21 gown 39 chicken pox - hypodermic injection
22 mask for the medical 40 meningococcal - intradermal injection
team infection - subcutaneous
23 alcohol-based rub 41 influenza injection
24 alcohol-based gel 42 mumps - intramuscular
25 slip-ups 43 rubella (MMR) injection
26 nutritionist 44 polio - intravenous injection
27 to pass on (spread, 45 measles 56 vaccination
transmit) (an) infection 46 Hepatitis A - compulsory
28 serious (severe) 47 Hepatitis B vaccination
infection 48 malaria 57 endorphins
29 slight (superficial) 49 insect repellent 58 antidepressants
infection 50 yellow fever 59 cholesterol-lowering
30 latent infection 51 gallstone drugs
31 localized infection 52 glandular fever 60 nutritionist
32 post-natal infection 53 immunization 61 dietician
33 primary infection 54 to carry out a (mass)
34 secondary infection immunization against
35 systemic infection 55 injection
36 diphtheria - to administer (give)
37 tetanus an injection
Alcoholism
1 ardent drink 4 strong drink alcohol
2 potent drink 5 soft drinks 8 ethyl alcohol
3 stiff drink 6 pure alcohol 9 methyl alcohol
7 unadulterated 10 pyroligneous alcohol

9
11 wood alcohol
12 to distill alcohol
13 to reek of alcohol
14 to abstain from
alcohol
15 to obtain alcohol
16 to drink alcohol
17 binge drinking
18 to get drunk
- to be on the drink
- He eventually died of
drink.
- in drink
- drinking bout
- to take to drink
(Abused) drugs
1 drug addiction
2 a drug addict
3 a drug dealer (pusher)
4 to take drugs
5 to peddle
(push, sell, to traffic in)
drugs
6 hard drugs
7 soft drugs
8 illegal (illicit) drug
9 adderall
10 amphetamines
- to drink oneself drunk 19 detoxication
- to drink oneself sleepy 20 stronghold
- to drink oneself to 21 group of risk
death 22 drink-drive
- to drink oneself into 23 alcohol related injury
incoherence 24 sobering-up station
- He drank himself into 25 alcohol poisoning
oblivion. 26 degree of
- to drink like a fish intoxication
- drink away 27 narcotherapy
- drink up 28 alcohol addiction
- drink to 29 to stave off illness
- drink at a draught
- to drink till it comes
out of one's ears
11 analgesics 19 opium
12 barbiturates 20 sedative-hypnotics
13 LSD (Lysergic Acid 21 Slang namings of
Diethylamide) drugs: joint, juju, stick,
14 nicotine gage butt, jay, reefer,
15 marijuana(slang: gangster, etc.
Indian grass, weed, pot, 22 fentanyl
Mary Jane, joy smoke, 24 chloral hydrate
etc.) 25 butorphanol
16 caffeine 26 buprenorphine
17cocaine
18 codeine
10
 Smoking
1 Have a cigarette! - to sniff tobacco
2 to light (up) cigarette 15 a plug of (chewing) tobacco
3 to puff on a cigarette 16 chewing tobacco
4 to smoke a cigarette 17 cut tobacco
5 to roll a cigarette 18 leaf tobacco
6 to extinguish (put out, stub out) a 19 strong tobacco
cigarette 20 tobacco leaves
7 cigarette case 21 tobacco-pipe
8 live cigarette 22 tobacco-pouch
9 king-size cigarette 23 tobacconist
10 mentholated cigarette 24 smoke-consumer
11 pack of cigarettes 25 smoking-car
12 packet of cigarettes 26 smoking-room
13 filter-tipped cigarette 27 to smoke off and on
14 cigarette-holder 28 to smoke like a chimney
- to chew tobacco 30 smoker
- to cure tobacco 31 smoke-free (café)
- to raise tobacco 32 cigar
- to smoke tobacco

11
 MODULE 1. HEALTHY LIVING GUIDE

Patients should have rest, food, fresh air, and exercise—the quadrangle of health.

William Osler (1849 - 1919)
Canadian physician.

Exercise 1 Give synonyms of the following words and word combinations.

1) obesity; 2) health farm; 3) vigorous health; 4) frail health; 5) aquatic sports; 6)
pulled muscles; 7) to hit a ball; 8) rapier; 9) steroids; 10) suppleness; 11) to gain
weight; 12) adequate sleep; 13) electro-shock therapy; 14) noisy breathing; 15) to
unwind; 16) rough skin; 17) pimple; 18) to wash hair; 19) teeth decay; 20) to be on diet;
21) steady diet; 20) appetizers; 21) to vomit; 22) to transmit infection; 23) pertussis;
24) to get drunk; 25) a drug dealer; 26) illicit drug; 27) meperidine; 28) to light (up) a
cigarette; 29) mental health.
Exercise 2 Give antonyms to the following words and word combinations.
1) to relax muscle; 2) to lose weight; 3) restful sleep; 4) steady breathing; 5) dry skin;
6) “junk” food; 7) anorexia; 8) gram calorie; 9) soft drinks; 10) detoxication; 11) to
stave off illness; 12) hard drugs; 13) smoking-car; 14) burliness; 15) cooling down; 16)
a poor sport; 17) team sports; 18) amateur sports; 19) intramural sports; 20) robust
health; 21) to regain one's health.
Exercise 3 Find English equivalents for the following words and word combinations.
Make the sentences of your own.
1) выпить залпом; 2) санитарно-гигиенические средства; 3) человек спортивного
склада; 4) лечебный массаж; 5) полоскать рот; 6) изнеможение; 7) бессонница; 8)
закуска; 9) проворство рук; 10) тучность; 11) моцион; 12) душевное напряжение;
13) булава; 14) фехтование; 15) упор лежа; 16) производственная гигиена; 17)
неповоротливость и отсутствие координации движений; 18) бревно; 19)
растягивать мышцу; 20) крепкое здоровье; 21) вождение в нетрезвом состоянии;
22) внутривенно; 23) варикоз; 24) силач; 25) наркодиллер; 26) запой; 27)
художественная гимнастика; 28) кисет; 29) здоровый сон; 30) диетолог; 31)
тайцзи; 32) шпага; 33) машинка для стрижки волос; 34) пищеварение; 35)
легочная артерия; 36) дневной сон; 37) прыщ; 38) санаторий; 39) хрупкое
здоровье; 40) марихуана; 41) чистить зубы; 42) ароматерапия; 43) придерживаться
диеты; 44) солярий; 45) перекладина; 46) луза; 47) эстафета; 48) метание ядра; 49)
командный спорт; 50) душевное здоровье; 51) подкожная инъекция; 52) волан; 53)
жирная кожа; 54) ходить во сне; 55) зависимость; 56) питание; 57) вспышка
болезни; 58) дефицит кальция; 59) фибра; 60) лечебное голодание; 61) иммунная
система; 63) батут; 64) диетолог.
Exercise 4 Answer the following questions.
1) Do you lead a healthy life? 2) What healthy habits do know? 3) Do you go in for
sports? 4) What kinds of sport are you fond of? 5) What do you need to play tennis?
Volleyball? Football? Cricket? Billiards? 6) What sports equipment is used in
gymnastics? Athletics? Weightlifting? Aerobics? 7) Where do you usually go to
improve your health? Appearance? 8) What is aromatherapy? Have you ever
experienced this? 9) When do you have your beauty sleep? Can you do without it? 10)
What kinds of sport are included in the Olympic Games? 11) How often do you
shampoo your hair? Is your hair dry or oily? 12) How often do you have physical
examination? What does it include? 13) What kinds of therapy do you know? What do
you prefer most of all? 14) What do you use to look after your hair? 15) What type of
skin do you have? What do you use to look after your skin? 16) What kinds of drugs do
you know?
Exercise 5 Fill in the gaps with suitable prepositions:
1) John was a heavy drinker. He couldn’t control himself and used to drink till it came
… … his ears. He eventually died … drink. 2) Every weekend Ann goes to the
swimming pool as the doctor assured her that it would help to improve her bearing.
Now she swims … her health. 3) Every person who goes … … sport hopes that
eventually he’ll reap the benefits of it. 4) Nowadays more and more women are hooked
… aerobics so it’s rather difficult to find a vacant place … gymnasiums. 5) Ronaldinjo
the best forward … Brazil football team is famous … his ability to kick the balls … the
goal … his head whereas his teammate Ronaldo kicks the ball … perfectly. 6) … the
relay race the first runner must pass … the baton to the next one in proper way in order
not to lose time. 7) It’s better to begin your training session … warming … to make
your muscles work. 8) If you want to take … weight you should stick … a strict diet but
not to starve as it may lead to putting … weight again.
Exercise 6 Give the English equivalents for the following word combinations:
1) when people drink to get drunk; 2) physical activities that increase strength; 3) a
sort of tea; 4) the body's natural "feel good" chemicals; 5) bring up food from the
stomach and out through the mouth; 6) exercises performed to develop the muscles or to
show the performer’s agility; 7) a band or bundle of fibres tissue that can contract and
relax and so produce movement in parts of the body; 8) a game rather like hockey, with
players on horseback; 9) a Hindu system of meditation and self-control; 10) a large
piece of canvas joined to a frame by springs, used by gymnasts for jumping on; 11) a
long stick for striking the ball in billiards or snooker; 12) skill in handling things; 13)
having a bulky body; 14) substances that are present in various foods and are essential
to keep people and animals healthy; 15) the process of softening food in the stomach so
that the body can absorb it; 16) putting a medicine or drug into the body by means of a
hollow needle; 17) state in which a person does or uses something that he or she cannot
give up; 18) dried leaves of certain plants prepared for smoking; 19) keeping things
clean in order to remain healthy and prevent disease; 20) a substance of a kind that
includes certain hormones and other natural secretions; 21) a hard rubber disc used in
ice hockey.
Exercise 7 Fill in the blanks with the suitable words:
a) (stretch – strain – sprain – drawl - prolong)
1) She used to … the words in order to let the students jot down everything. 2) If you
don’t warm up you may … the muscle. 3) My shoes are tight, I hope they’ll … . 4) He
wouldn’t have missed the train if the meeting had not been … . 5) You don’t listen to
me and distract on the slightest provocation. Stop yawning and … . 6) He moved
abruptly to get the ball but unfortunately he … the ligaments. 7) I want to get out of the
car and … myself but I have to … this as I want to arrive till it gets dark.

b) (ruin – destroy – wreck - raze)

1) The English … the monastery and half a century afterwards rebuilt it. 2) I wonder
your nervous system isn't completely … . 3) After the war the city was … to the ground.
4) The banks of a river are … by a sudden flood. 5) A great number of ships were … by
stormy weather. 6) The wall was imperfectly … . 7) Their want of tact has … the party.
8) One tender word … a lover's rage.
c) (kick – knock – hit - beat)
1) The press … hard at governmental corruption. 2) A furious player … his racket into
the grandstand. 3) The rain … against the windows. 4) He … me a hard blow. This is
immoral to … a man when he's down. 5) He … open the window and escaped. 6)
Wasn’t she in pantomime? Bet she … them. 7) First put the flour in the bowl, and then
… the eggs in. 8) We have … double-knocks at the street-door. 9) The team was … for
the second time.
Exercise 8 Translate into English.
1) Олимпийская дисциплина фехтование включает три вида оружия: рапиру,
шпагу и саблю. 2) Том пропил все состояние своего отца. 3) Обычно считается,
что сырое мясо усваивается хуже, чем вареное или жареное. 4) Когда болеющий
человек полностью полагается только на природу, он многим рискует. 5) Массаж,
как и йога, является прекрасным средством избавления от стресса. 6) Мать
частенько водила его в детский диспансер, чтобы ему сделали прививку. 7)
Экстремальные виды спорта повышают уровень адреналина в крови. 8) Многие
игры с мячом, такие как футбол, баскетбол, волейбол, развивают ловкость рук и
координацию. 9) После многих тренировок, сопровождавшихся усиленными
физическими нагрузками, он приходил домой изнеможенный. 10) Скалолазание –
излюбленное занятие рискованных людей. 11) Разминка помогает быстро прийти
в тонус и впоследствии сократить нагрузку на мышцы. 12) Бессонница приводит к
серьезным последствиям, связанным как с физическим, так и с душевным
здоровьем. 13) Чтобы суметь защитить себя и близких, Майкл посещал секции
карате и дзюдо одновременно. 14) Некоторые люди пытаются утопить свое горе в
вине. 15) Если ты хочешь открыть тренажерный зал, то нужно запастись дорогим
гимнастическим оборудованием, позволяющим получать интенсивные нагрузки.
16) Стрессовые ситуации неблагоприятно влияют на внешний вид: кожа
становится чувствительной, и иногда выпадают волосы. 17) Никогда не пей
лекарства, прописанные другим людям. 18) У нее все тело болело (ломило) от
усталости. 19) Уставший от обязанностей вчерашнего дня, но чувствующий себя
очень спокойно, он спал непробудным сном. 20) Читая книги и просматривая
кассеты о здоровом образе жизни, мы не могли не задуматься о необходимости
сохранения и поддержания нашего здоровья, по крайней мере, отказавшись от
вредных привычек.
Exercise 9 Fill in the blanks. The first letter of each missing word has been given.
A PICTURE OF HEALTH
People nowadays are more health-conscious than they used to be. We jog to keep (1)
f................or take other forms of regular (2) e................ . Thousands of us go to a (3)
g................ on a regular basis. Many more (4) d................ to lose weight. Fortunately,
(5) s................ has been banned on most flights and in most public places because
everyone agrees it does (6) h................to our health. However, there are killer(7)
d................ like Aids and cancer which still seem to be incurable. And malaria is the
biggest cause of (8) d................ in the Third World. Heart (9) a................ remain the
most common cause of death in Europe. The importance of (10) h................ is reflected
in everyday expressions such as “to drink to someone's health” or saying “Your health!”
as we drink a glass of wine.
Exercise 10 Name the defined objects.
1) Various organic nutrient elements and compounds needed in very small quantities for
health (plural noun).
2) Necessary nutriment material, composed of amino acids, considered as a food source
(plural noun).
3) Dietary components (sodium. potassium and chloride) essential to fluid retention,
nerve impulse transmission and digestion (plural noun).
4) The study or science of dietary requirements for proper health and development.
5) Measurement of heat energy provided by a quantity of food (plural noun).
6) Maintenance and improvement of health through exercise and proper diet.
7) Fatty substance found in foodstuffs or formed by the body itself that coats and
restricts arteries.
8) Basic rate at which the body expends energy to maintain itself in a resting state.
Exercise11 Being healthy means different to different people. What do you mean by
health? The following quiz will help you to find out.
Work with one or two people. First tick the five statements you most agree with. Then
compare your results. There will probably be large differences so find out the reasons
your partner(s) chose the statements they did and explain the reasons for your choices.
For me, being healthy is: You Other(s)
1) living to be very old.
2) being able to run for a bus without getting out of breath.
3) hardly ever taking any pills or medicines.
4) being the ideal weight for my height
5) taking part in lots of games or sports.
6) never suffering from anything more than a mild cold or stomach
upset.
7) feeling glad to be alive when I wake up in the morning.
8) being able to touch my toes or run a mile in 10 minutes.
9) having all the bits of my body in perfect working condition.
10) eating the right foods.
11) enjoying some form of relaxation or recreation.
12) never smoking.
13) hardly ever going to the doctor.
14) having a clear skin, bright eyes and shiny hair.

Exercise12 Before reading the text work with a partner and say whether you think each
of the following statements is true or false.
True False
1) Not having the right balance in our diet can damage our health.
2) If other members of our family get fat quite easily, we probably
will too.
3) If we like eating sweet things, it's probably a habit we learnt
from our parents.
4) Men are just as likely to get fatter as they grow older as women
are.
5) Most people don't eat enough protein. (Protein is found in
meat, fish, milk, eggs, etc.)
6) It's useless for most people to take vitamin pills.
7) The more calories we eat in food, the more energetic we will
feel.
8) We should try to reduce the amount of bread and potatoes we
eat.

Now read the text and see how correct you were.
 HEALTH IS …
BEING FIT
Statements 2, 5, 8 or 11 suggest that, for you, health is something to do with being
physically fit. But can you be fit and still be unhealthy? Or unfit and still be healthy?
When you are fit your muscles are so well trained that they can do more work without
putting extra strain on the heart. Another benefit of fitness is that blood pressure is
lower. This means it is easier for the heart to pump the blood around the body. Being fit
is part of being healthy.
NOT BEING ILL
If you ticked 3, 6, 9 or 13 you probably think of health as something to do with
medicine. Perhaps you think that you can only be healthy with the help of doctors.
Unfortunately doctors can do little to help us to be healthy. They usually only help
when we are ill. When scientists try to measure how healthy we are as a nation, they
look at the amount of disease and death that occurs. Health itself is not measured.
LIVING TO AN OLD AGE
If you ticked 1. 4, 10 or 12 you probably think being healthy means reducing your
chances of dying young.
But is living to 100 really a good measure of health for you? Some people live to be
very old but don't enjoy their life very much. Living to an old age is only one aspect of
health.
POSITIVE HEALTH
Statements 7, 10, 11 or 14 see health as something quite different from illness or
medicine. Although this is quite an ancient idea, we have only recently begun to take it
seriously. Positive health covers all the things we can do to prevent illness plus all the
things we can do to become even more well.
Exercise13 LISTENING An old wives’ tale is a traditional belief, or a piece of
traditional advice, passed down from generation to generation.
Look at the 5 old wives’ tales opposite and decide whether you think they are true,
partly true, or false. Then read the questions which follow.
True Partly true False
1) An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
2) You should always sleep with an open window.
3) If you get soaking wet you’re more likely to catch a
cold.
4) Feed a cold and starve a fever.
5) Carrots help you to see in the dark.
Write short answers to the following questions.
1) What fruit contains more Vitamin C, according to the doctor?
…………………………………………………………………
2) Which two groups of people are most at risk of catching an infection?
…………………………………………………………………
3) How did the man in Norway get wet?
…………………………………………………………………
4) What advice does the doctor give to people with flu?
…………………………………………………………………
5) What other foods contain Vitamin A, according to the doctor?
…………………………………………………………………
Can you think of any other old wives’ tales? Are they true or false?
Exercise 14 Read and translate the text.
HOW DO THE BRITISH SPEND TIME
How do the British spend their free time? What do they do to keep fit?
In fact walking is the most popular sport of all. Out of a total population of around 55
million people, about 9 million regularly walk two miles or more. More energetic sports
are aerobics and yoga. Football, squash and golf have regular players. People also play
cricket and go fishing.
 Watching other people playing is a popular leisure activity: the favourite sports among
TV viewers are horse-racing, football cricket and tennis. “New” TV sports like
American football, basketball and even yachting are attracting more and more loyal
armchair experts.
The fitness boom of the eighties resulted in a big rise in the number of people
participating in sports. To cater for this boom and provide the up-to-date facilities, over
1,500 private health and fitness clubs are the same number of public sports and leisure
centers have been built during the past 20 years. These modern centers with their
swimming-pools, gyms and indoor tennis courts are competing with discos, pubs and
cinemas as places for people to go to spend their leisure time – and their money. Now
practically every town has a leisure pool with a wave machine, water slides and tropical
plants.
Millions of people regularly swim in indoor pools and spend their holidays in huge
water parks, where they can play and relax all day long in warmth and comfort without
worrying about the weather outside.
Exercise 15 What kinds of sport activities are named in the text? Try to describe all of
them.
Exercise 16 What other kinds of sport do you know? Divide them into team sports and
individual activities.
Exercise17 LISTENING Listen to the recording and write down the missing words in
these sentences.
1) The part of your leg above the knees is your … .
2) What is your … measurement in centimeters?
3) What is your … in kilos?
4) What is your … in metres?
5) If you jump out of this window, you’ll … your leg.
6) The … of New York is against smoking.
7) Smoking isn’t … in restaurants in Los Angeles.
8) … to … keeps me fit.
Exercise 18 Read and translate the text.
HEALTH AND FITNESS MOVEMENT IN THE USA
Since the publication of Cooper’s book “Aerobics” (1968) sports in America turned
from assortment of team activities to what one observer called “a prescription for
everyone’s health”. The emphasis on physical fitness has involved increasing numbers
of Americans in activities that provide the necessary physical conditions and at the same
time offer employment and recreation. Swimming, jogging, cycling can be done with
family members and friends, have no real age limits, and are performed more for health
and fun than for competition. Everyone can participate in these activities.
Nationwide health campaign have also affected American’s attitude to food. Now
Americans are eating a much lighter diet than before. Cereals and grain foods, fruit and
vegetables, fish and salads are emphasized instead of heavy and sweet foods. Some
Americans will refuse to give up that “solid” meal of meat, potatoes and gravy. Yet
strong health and fitness movement in the U.S. shows no signs of being temporary
trend.
Exercise 19 What kinds of diets do you know? Try to describe some of them. What diets
should follow people suffering from hepatitis, diabetes, gastritis?
Exercise 20 Read, translate and retell the texts. Answer the following questions before
reading the texts:
1) What do you regard as healthy living?
2) What factors influence our health?
3) Do you do anything to be healthy?
HEALTH AND FITNESS
Our main duty is to keep our bodies in perfect health. If our body suffers from any
disorders, our mind suffers too, and we are unable to make much progress in
knowledge, and we are unfit to perform those duties which are required of us in social
life.
 There are certain laws of health which deserve particular attention and they are so
simple that even a child can learn them. A constant supply of pure fresh air is
indispensable to good health. Perfect cleanliness is also essential since the skin is full of
minute pores, cells, blood vessels and nerves and must “breath” the way the lungs do.
Therefore it should always be clean.
One cannot deny that a certain amount of exercise is necessary to keep the body in
perfect condition. All the powers (mental and bodily) we possess are strengthened by
use and weakened by disuse. Hence, labour and study should succeed each other. A
good exercise warms, invigorates and purifies the body. But we should bear in mind
that rest is also necessary to the health of both body and mind. It would be wise to
remember that late hours are very harmful to the health as they exhaust the nervous
system.
But probably the most essential law of good health is keeping to a healthy diet. We
should never forget that keeping to a healthy nutrition implies that the body receives all
necessary elements and vitamins in proper proportion. Our body is constantly wasting
and requires to be repaired by fresh substance. Therefore food, which is to repair the
loss, should be taken with due regard to the exercise and waste to the body. It is good to
remember that we should always be moderate in eating and abstain from foods that can
be harmful to our health.
It should be emphasized that what we eat is only one aspect of the problem, whereas
how much we eat is the other one. Food may become an addiction and even worse than
alcohol and smoking. You can give up those bad habits but you can’t stop eating, you
need food. Medical surveys show that that the number of overweight people is growing
dramatically and obesity is becoming a universal disease.
No one can deny that we should avoid everything that intoxicates our organism. The
evils of intemperance, especially of alcohol, are too well known. It results in dramatic
consequences. It degrades personality, excites bad passions, stupefies the mind, the
person becomes unfit for his social duties. Eventually both health and character are
ruined.
Thus in order to be fit we must remember that moderation should become the motto of
our life. Besides, reasonable hours of labour and study, regularity in exercise, recreation
and rest, cleanliness and other essentials lay the foundations for good health and long
life.
FACTORS INFLUENCING OUR HEALTH
It is worth mentioning that there are certain factors which are of paramount
importance for good health. One of them is love in childhood, love from parents. Such
love is an ideal soil for a human seed to grow.
Another crucial factor is our environment. It is common knowledge that air, soil and
water are heavily polluted and present danger to the health of humanity. Besides, new
types of pollutants, such as atomic dust and various kinds of chemical substances, daily
threaten the lives of millions of people.
Stresses in living form an essential part of being alive – but the art of life is to arrange
that stress does not become constant strain. A healthy organism is tremendously tough.
It can withstand overwork, fatigue, anxiety, microbes – up to a certain point. And we
have to learn by experience our own risk threshold.
Another factor worth mentioning is personal belief. It is faith in life which mobilizes
our facilities and makes the most of them.
HOW FIT ARE WE?
Of course we all dream of being healthy and in good shape. And nowadays fitness
seems something you can not get away from. You’ll see special stores selling clothes
for exercise, books and cassettes telling you how to get fit. You’ll meet joggers in the
park and find at least one health club in every town.
But the situation is far from perfect. People continue to smoke, consume alcohol and
due to wrong eating habits put on extra weight. The situation is still worse among
children who spend too much time watching TV and too little time running around.
Besides most of them cannot do without “junk” food.
 It is universally acknowledged that our diet too leaves much to be desired. Quick,
ready made food usually contains too much fat, salt and sugar. Usually it is the poorest
families who eat the worst food. Eating well now requires more time and more money.
Good exercise like good diet can be expensive. That is why the fast growing fitness
industry caters mostly to well-to-do people. Those who can afford it hire personal
trainers. Professional care of an expert helps them to stay fit in style.
True, you should make certain efforts to stay fit and healthy. But they are more than
rewarding. Just remember, your health is your own responsibility. Evidence shows that
any moderate physical activity could confer protection against serious diseases and
improvement of general well-being and quality of life.
Exercise 21 Translate into Russian.
To deserve particular attention; a constant supply of pure fresh air; to be indispensable
to good health; labour and study should succeed each other; it would be wise to
remember; to invigorate and purify; the most essential law of good health; healthy
nutrition; with due regard to; to abstain from harmful foods; to give up bad habits;
obesity is becoming a universal disease; to intoxicate organism; to mobilize our
facilities; to lay the foundation of good health; to become an addiction; the number of
overweight people is growing dramatically; new types of pollutants; constant threat; to
withstand fatigue and anxiety; the fitness industry caters mostly to well-to-do people; to
confer protection; junk food.
Exercise 22 Write English equivalents of the following words and phrases. Use them in
sentences of your own.
Страдать от болезни; достичь успехов в учебе; быть не в состоянии выполнить
обязанности; необходимо для хорошего здоровья; кровеносные сосуды; нельзя
отрицать; способности, которыми мы обладаем; иметь в виду; придерживаться
здоровой диеты; восполнять потери; правильное сочетание; быть умеренным в
еде; в конце концов; важный фактор; химические вещества; до определенного
предела; порог риска; употреблять алкоголь; люди с избыточным весом;
неуклонно расти; диета оставляет желать лучшего; делать определенные усилия;
болезни сердца; умеренная физическая нагрузка; воздерживаться от; отказаться от
дурных привычек; набирать лишний вес; высококалорийная пища; еда быстрого
приготовления; развивающаяся фитнес индустрия; общее благосостояние.
Exercise 23 Translate the following phrases into Russian. Try to make up situations
using as many phrases as possible:
to make progress in knowledge; duties which are required of us; to keep to a healthy
diet; to abstain from harmful food; it results in dramatic consequences; to learn by
experience one’s own risk threshold; faith in life; to put on extra weight; to confer
protection against serious diseases.
Exercise 24 Fill in the blanks with prepositions or adverbs, if necessary:
According … the largest survey … the activity levels seven … ten men and eight …
ten women … England do not take enough exercise to keep themselves fit and healthy.
The survey published … the Sport Council interviewed 3,000 adults over the age …
sixteen about daily physical activity. Two thirds … the group were given laboratory
assessments … fitness levels. Most people were unable to continue walking at three
miles an hour up a slope …becoming breathless and having to stop. Half … women …
could not sustain a walking pace on level ground … several minutes. Among 16- 24
year olds, 60% … men and 90% … women were below activity levels necessary … a fit
and healthy life. 30% … men and 50% … women aged 65-75 had insufficient strength
… their thigh muscle making task such as rising from a chair … using their arms
difficult.
Exercise 25 Translate into English.
1) Общеизвестно, что здоровье человека, как физическое, так и духовное,
зависит от образа жизни, который он ведет. 2) Переедание приводит не только к
излишнему весу, но и к более серьезным проблемам. 3) Физическая нагрузка
необходима всем, чтобы быть в хорошей физической форме и не болеть. 4) Работа
и отдых должны чередоваться, чтобы усталость и стресс не подорвали здоровье и
не привели к тяжелым заболеваниям. 5) Когда еда, также как алкоголь и
наркотики, становится пагубным пристрастием, человеку необходимо прилагать
серьезные усилия, чтобы избавиться от вредной привычки. 6) Специалисты
утверждают, что родительская любовь в детстве является необходимым условием
крепкого здоровья. 7) Наш организм постоянно расходует энергию и, чтобы
пополнять потери, мы должны потреблять необходимые элементы и витамины в
разумных количествах. 8) К сожалению, индустрия здоровья, в основном,
ориентирована на людей с хорошим достатком, так как качественные продукты
питания и спортивное оборудование стоят недешево.
Exercise 26 Insert the articles if necessary. Explain your choice.
1) … polluted air we breathe in is dangerous to our health. 2) … air is the source of life
on the planet. 3) A man cannot live without … water. 4) Daily we consume … water
which has been specially purified. 5) In some Moscow regions … soil is being
increasingly spoilt by pesticides. 6) Plants cannot grow without … soil. 7) Do you take
… sugar in … coffee? I used to, but now I’m on … diet. I’m trying to lose… weight. 8)
… man suffering from … shock should not be given anything of … drink. 9) You’ll get
… shock if you touch … live wire with that screwdriver.
Exercise 27 Fill in the blanks with the word best suited to the context. Explain your
choice.
a) (ill-sick)
1) The nurse mixed the medicine with a teaspoon and gave it to the … man who sat up
in bed to take it. 2) When people are … and have a temperature of over 39 degrees we
say they are in a high fever. 3) When I go on board a ship or a boat, I feel … . He was
suddenly taken … .
b) (illness/sickness – disease)
1) What did the man die of? Did he suffer from any chronic … , or complications
after a serious … ? 2) The … was catching, and the doctor said he would put me on the
sick-list. 3) Scarlet fever is a catching … . 4) His … prevented him from going to school
together with his friends.
c) (cure –heal)
1) Fresh air, sunshine, good food may … a patient of consumption by … his lungs. 2)
After a fortnight of slight fever, the wound … and he recovered. 3) The doctor applied a
medicine which soon … the deep cut in my arm.
d) (treat –cure)
1) After scarlet fever complications developed, and they had to be … for a month before
the patient was completely … . 2) The open air life in the mountain … him of
headaches. 3) The doctor said that if I followed his instructions, I should soon be … of
the disease.
Exercise 28 Form antonyms to the words below using negative prefixes:
attentive, necessary, healthy, proportion, regard, personal, perfect, desired, expensive,
regular, responsible, active, able, fit, constant.
Exercise 29 Translate into English.
СНЯТЬ УСТАЛОСТЬ
Как утверждают врачи, истинной причиной переутомления является
постоянное напряжение, вызываемое стрессами, волнениями,
профессиональными и личными проблемами, долгими размышлениями,
зубрежками и всем прочим. Наиболее вредной работой они считают труд
шахтеров, журналистов, актеров и общественных деятелей. В обычной жизни эти
люди, конечно, не доводят себя до полной потери сил. Но нередки ситуации,
когда к ежедневным стрессам добавляется стресс физической нагрузки. В этом
случае возможны неприятные последствия.
Изначальные симптомы переутомления – это недосыпание, мигрень,
головокружение, потеря аппетита и апатия. Со временем возникает синдром
хронической усталости. Чтобы вылечить переутомление, нужно прежде всего
найти себя! Хороший сон, доброе отношение друг к другу и любовь к себе –
лучшее лекарство. А вообще, конечно, нужна помощь специалиста. Помимо сна
существует множество методов лечения переутомления, как современных, так и
не очень. Например, симптомы этого недуга можно снять препаратами и
аппаратами, использующими отрицательные заряды ионов кислорода. При
локализации воздействия такого аппарата на лодыжке возможно ослабление
головной боли, гипертонии и даже неврастении. В нетрадиционной медицине для
этих целей использовали растения. Но надо иметь в виду, что самостоятельное
приготовление настоев из подобных трав чревато неожиданными эффектами,
поскольку применяют их и как средство от малярии, а иногда и как слабительное.
Кроме того, многие из этих методов не прошли международных клинических
испытаний. Поэтому лучше просто начни относиться к окружающим немного
добрее.
Exercise 30 Comment on the following proverbs and sayings (explain their meaning,
give their Russian equivalents). Say in what situations you would use them in speech.
1) Good health is above wealth. 2) An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 3) Health is
not valued till sickness comes. 4) What can’t be cured must be endured. 5) He who has
health has hope, and he who has hope has everything. 6) Time is the great healer/Time
cures all things. 7) Time works wonders. 8) Early to bed and early to rise makes a man
healthy, wealthy and wise. 9) Eat an apple before going to bed, and you’ll make the
doctor beg for his bread.
Exercise31 LISTENING Work in pairs. Before you listen to the recording, look at the
sentences below. Can you guess what some of the missing words are?
You'll hear an interview with a doctor. Complete these notes summarizing what he
says.
1) REM stands for '................. '.
2) To restore our brains during the night, we require ................ .
3) Dreams occur during .............. .
4) A dream usually lasts for ................ .
5) In dreams of falling or being chased, the dreamer is not usually ................ .
6) Dreams can help sleepers to ................. in their waking lives.
7) Everyone dreams but not everyone can …............. .
8) If you sleep for an hour at midday, you need ............. sleep at night.
9) There are no physical benefits from having a ................. .
10) The only cure for snoring is ................. .
Exercise32 Work in groups. Carry out a survey by interviewing your partners using this
questionnaire. Make notes on their answers. Report to the rest of the group on the
results of your survey. Do your findings confirm or contradict the information given in
the recording?
SLEEP SURVEY
1) How much sleep do you need? When do you go to bed? How long does it take you to
get to sleep?
2) When do you get up? How easy is it for you to wake up in the morning?
3) How do you feel if you have less sleep than normal?
4) Are you a light sleeper? What kinds of things wake you up?
5) Do you ever suffer from insomnia? What do you do to help you to get to sleep?
6) Do you remember your dreams? If so, tell us about one of them.
Exercise 33 Read the article and choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for
each part 1-5 of the article. There is an extra heading that you do not need to use.
A Get a good night’s rest
B Find time to relax
C Sit up straight!
D Spend more time in the open air
E Don’t overdo it
F Go for a run
In the hectic world of today, people are always searching for more ways of keeping ht
and healthy. Susan Jones has been looking into some of the ways of looking good and
feeling good.

1
Running is excellent exercise. Before you start running, you should warm up first,
using slow movements that make all your muscles work. But be careful! If you stretch
when your muscles are cold, you might do yourself an injury. Always wear comfortable
clothing and make sure your trainers are in good shape. If you wear shoes that give
good support to your whole foot, you will put less pressure on your knees. You should
start exercising slowly, at a pace you can keep up for about 15-20 minutes. Try to
exercise on soft ground as this will protect your knees and hips from too much stress.

2
It's ok if you go to bed late occasionally but if you regularly cut down on your sleep, it
will soon start to have a bad effect on your skin. If you get a good night's rest, it will do
your appearance the world of good. It is not called beauty sleep for nothing! Lack of
sleep can cause acne or dry skin. Make sure you get a good night's sleep by going to bed
and getting up at regular times: don't burn the candle at both ends. During the day, keep
active: if you don't get enough exercise during the day, you may end up sleepless all
night.

3
Did you know that standing, sitting and walking badly can make you look heavier than
you really are? If we watched the way we sat and stood, it would improve our
appearance a great deal. Stand in front of the mirror with your feet apart and your legs
straight. Pull in your tummy, check that your ears, shoulders, hips, knees and ankles are
in line with each other. You should be feeling and looking better already!
4
Most of us live in large polluted cities. If we got more fresh air, we would look healthier
and more attractive. A brisk walk is one of the best things you
can do for your circulation and appearance. Walking slowly is useful but a quick pace
gets more oxygen into your lungs. So don't just go for a pleasant stroll, try and find-an
area that doesn't have much pollution, and get moving!

5
Many young people feel guilty about eating too much chocolate, and some even say
they are addicted to it, though there is no evidence to support this. Chocolate does
contain a lot of fat, however, and therefore any addicts out there would do better to eat
less. However, if your diet is balanced, you needn’t feel guilty: eating chocolate in
moderation is fine – but don’t eat it instead of a proper meal!
Exercise 34 For questions 1-7 choose the correct answer, A, B, C or D.
1) The writer says that you should
A start running as quickly as possible.
B run slowly before you start exercising.
C do stretching exercises before you warm up.
D warm up by moving your body slowly.
2) Why is running on soft ground best?
A It makes your hips stronger.
B You will feel more relaxed.
C It is better for your knees.
D It protects your trainers.
3) The author says going to bed late
A doesn’t matter most of the time.
B will make you feel dry.
C does harm to your skin.
D is alright if you get up early.
4) Some people look heavier than they are because
A they sit down a lot.
B they don’t walk enough.
C they don’t stand with their backs straight.
D they eat too much chocolate.
5) The best way to get fresh air is
A walking slowly in the park.
B walking quickly along the street.
C strolling in the open air.
D walking quickly where there is no traffic.
6) It is alright to eat chocolate
A if it gives you pleasure.
B if it doesn’t contain a lot of fat.
C if you avoid eating a lot.
D after a proper meal.
7) Which of the following do you think the author might say is the best way to protect
your appearance?
A Wearing the right clothes.
B Going on a chocolate-free diet.
C Getting regular exercise.
D Getting up early every morning.
Exercise 35 What do these expressions mean? Choose the correct answer, using the
context in the article to help you decide.
1) If you “warm up” you:
A put more clothes on.
B get ready to do something.
2) If something is “in good shape” it:
A is in good condition.
B looks good.
3) If you “keep something up” you:
A continue with it.
B go faster.
4) If you “burn the candle at both ends” you:
A go to bed early and get up late.
B go to bed late and get up late.
5) If you are “addicted” to something you:
A can’t do without it.
B hate it.
Exercise 36 Brush up your grammar: first and second conditionals.
A Complete these sentences and answer the questions that follow.
1) Be careful! If you stretch when your muscles are cold, you … do yourself an injury.
2) If I … a million pounds, I would build an Olympic-sized swimming pool in the
garden.
a) Which sentence describes a likely or possible present/future situation?
b) Which sentence describes an unlikely or unreal present/future situation?
c) Which sentence is a first conditional and which is a second conditional?

B Look at this pair of sentences. Do they have the same meaning?

a) I’ll go running tomorrow morning if it doesn’t rain.
b) I’ll go running tomorrow morning unless it rains.
Look at this pair of sentences and complete the second sentence.
c) I eat chocolate every day, unless I’m dieting.
d) I eat chocolate every day, if … .
Complete this rule to express the difference in form.
Unless = if … + verb.
Exercise 37 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given.
1) Try to exercise on soft ground as this will protect your knees from too much stress.
(take)
If …on soft ground, there will be less stress on your knees.

2) To make sure you get a good night’s sleep go to bed and get up at regular times.
(bed)
If … and get up early, you will not get a good night’s sleep.
3) Walking badly can make you look heavier than you really are.
(walk)
You may look heavier than you really are if … properly.
4) Getting lots of fresh air can keep you looking healthy and attractive.
(continue)
You … healthy and attractive if you get lots of fresh air.
5) Walking at a quick pace gets more oxygen into your lungs.
(quickly)
If … get more oxygen into your lungs.
6) Eating chocolate in moderation won’t do you any harm.
(much)
Unless … chocolate, it is harmless.
7) If I am not feeling energetic, I won’t come for a walk.
(unless)
I won’t … I’m not feeling energetic.
Exercise 38 Read the magazine article below. Then use the information in the text to
complete the information summary on the next page. Use no more than three words for
each gap (1-18), including the word in brackets. The words you need are all multi-
words verbs and do not occur in the newspaper article. The exercise begins with an
example (0).
WHEN ANGER IS HEALTHY
Everyone knows that not allowing oneself to show feelings of anger and resentment can
be very unhealthy, leading to stress and long-term feelings of inadequacy and
powerlessness. But how do we release our anger without looking foolish or petulant?
The first thing to learn is that expressing your anger and losing your temper are not the
same things at all. One is natural and healthy, the other is destructive and dangerous.
We usually admire those who can express their anger calmly, and see them as 'firm hut
fair' or mature and self-confident. While those who lose their temper appear to be
immature, childish, selfish and aggressive.
Mandy Dickson is a psychologist who has established a successful one-day anger
workshop that helps ordinary people to learn about and manage their anger. The
seminar is not intended for criminals or the mentally ill, but for those ordinary people
who feel powerless to control their own tempers.
The first thing Mandy explains is that anger is a natural and normal feeling, arid that
feeling angry about something is nothing to be ashamed of. But we need to recognise
anger when we feel it, and to investigate its true causes. Once we know the real cause of
anger we can confront it and begin to do something positive about it. Mandy asks
participants to complete a questionnaire about things that make them angry. By
comparing these “triggers” people often discover that the true causes of anger are other
feelings, especially fear, disappointment and grief. But because it is not socially
acceptable in our culture to openly demonstrate these feelings, we express them as
anger. This is particularly true for men who, even in these enlightened times, are
expected to hide any feelings of inadequacy or fear and be strong and stoical in all
situations.
Having recognised the causes of anger, the first step is to learn how to avoid anger-
inducing situations. The next step is to learn how to express one's feelings calmly and
firmly. Mandy believes that when we are angry we want other people to understand our
anger and sympathise with it. But we often fall into the trap of expressing anger by
criticising those around us, when what we really want is their support and empathy. One
of the most common causes of anger is when other people fail to behave in a way you
expect them to. But as Mandy explains, human beings are not telepathic, they cannot be
expected to automatically anticipate other people's desires and wishes. So an essential
tool in reducing the occurrence of anger-inducing situations is to always explain exactly
what you want and expect from those around you. It is all essentially a question of
communication.

We know (0) .....bottling up...... (bottle) anger can be unhealthy. But how do we (1)
…….. (let) our anger without seeming foolish? Expressing anger and losing your
temper are different things. One is healthy, the other dangerous. We (2) ......... (look)
people who express anger calmly, but those who lose their temper (3) ......... (come)
immature and aggressive.
Mandy Dickson has (4) ......... (set) a one-day anger workshop which helps people learn
about and (5) ......... (deal) their anger. It is (6) ......... (aim) ordinary people who don't
feel able to control their tempers. She (7) ......... (point) that anger is natural and nothing
to be ashamed of, but we should recognise it and (8) …..... (look) its true causes. Then
we can (9) ......... (face)it, and begin to do something positive. Participants (10) .........
(fill) a questionnaire about things that make them angry. They compare their responses
and often (11) ......... (find) that the causes are other feelings such as fear or grief. But in
our culture it isn't acceptable to (12) ......... (act) these feelings in public. Men, in
particular, are supposed to (13) ......... (cover) these feelings.
Once we know the causes of anger, we must learn how to (14) ......... (keep) situations
which will induce them. When we are angry we want other people to understand us, but
we often make the mistake of (15) ......... (run) those around us. Anger is often caused
by the feeling that you have been (16) ......... (let) by other people. But we can't always
expect other people to know our feelings. So the most important way to (17) ......... (cut)
the number of anger-producing situations is to tell people exactly how we feel. It really
all (18) ......... (come) communication.
Exercise 39 Read the text. Pre-reading questions:
What will make you live longer? What will make you die sooner?

HOW LONG WILL YOU LIVE?

Everyone has the biological capacity to live until they are 100. But whether we make
the century depends on how we treat our bodies, how we live, eat and earn. Doctors and
insurance companies have devised questions to fix the life expectancy of their patients
and clients. Here are some of them. So play the life expectancy game. Start with number
72 and add or subtract according to your answers.
a) personal data
If you are male, subtract 3. If female, add 4.
If you live in an urban area with a population over half a million, subtract 2. If you live
in a town of under 10,000 add 2. If any grandparent lived to 85, add 2.
If either parent died of a heart attack before the age of 50, subtract 4.
If any parent, brother or sister under 50 has (had) cancer or has (had) diabetes since
childhood, subtract 3.
If you live with a spouse or friend, add 5. If not, subtract 1 for every ten years alone
since 25.
b) life style data
If you work behind a desk, subtract 3. If your work requires physical labour, add 3. If
you exercise strenuously (tennis, running, swimming etc) five times a week for at least
half an hour, add 4. Two or three times a week, add 2.
Do you sleep more than 10 hours each night? Subtract 4. Are you intense, aggressive?
Subtract 2. Are you happy? Add 1. Unhappy? Subtract 2. Do you smoke more than two
packets of cigarettes a day? Subtract 8. One or two packets? Subtract 6. A half of a
packet? Subtract 3.
If you drink one or two whiskies, half a litre of wine, or four glasses of beer a day, add
3.
If you don't drink every day, add 1.
If you are a heavy drinker, subtract 8.
Are you overweight by 20 kg or more? Subtract 8. By 12 kg to 20
kg? Subtract 4. By 5 kg to 12 kg? Subtract 2.
If you prefer simple food, vegetables and fruit to richer, meatier,
fatty food, and if you always stop eating before you're full, add 1.
Add up your score for your life expectancy.
Comprehension check
Did you find answers to the questions before the text? Do you think the quiz is serious
or light-hearted?
Exercise 40 Translate from Russian into English:
РИСКОВАННЫЕ МЕЛОЧИ
Думаешь, здоровье портят только вредные привычки? Ошибаешься! Врачи бьют
тревогу: еще чуть-чуть – и безобидные на первый взгляд вещи будут
рассмотрены Минздравами всех стран только с одной целью – запретить.
Ты знаешь абсолютно все о том, как защитить себя от УФ, не потолстеть, и всегда
пользуешься ремнями безопасности в машине.
В общем, о здоровом образе жизни ты знаешь почти все... А как насчет перекусов
в машине и вечеринок, где курят? Между прочим, это весьма опасные мелочи. И
мы не будем о них молчать.
Пассивное курение
О нем и написано миллион раз, и прочитано не меньше. И все же мы прощаем и
терпим тех, кто курит рядом. Хотя, если бы представляли масштаб опасности, так
бы не делали.
В сигарете содержится более 4000 вредных веществ, самые опасные из них –
смолы, оседающие в легочной ткани. Твой друг курит? Ему же хуже.
Но он хотя бы получает от табака удовольствие (табак в чистом виде вполне
безобиден), а вот ты из этих 4000 ингредиентов вдыхаешь 50. Причем наиболее
агрессивных. Так что шансы заработать рак легких или серьезное сердечное
заболевание у вас равные. Ну пугаем, конечно. Но риск возрастает на 30%
(поверь, это очень много) при условии, что ты дважды в неделю являешься
пассивной курильщицей.
Наш совет: Избегай непроветриваемых помещений и машин без кондиционера.
Постарайся отучить своего друга курить, мы не раз давали полезные советы по
этому поводу. И ешь побольше овощей и фруктов.
Перекус за рулем
Извини за каламбур, но у кого сейчас есть время есть? Нормально, по-
человечески, за столом, с первым, вторым и компотом. Все давно привыкли
питаться на ходу, на бегу, на лету, а сейчас еще и в машине. Приборная панель
уже давно превратилась в барную стойку, с той лишь разницей, что спиртного не
подают. Между тем Ассоциация американских диетологов в панике: еда за рулем
портит желудок!
И это вне зависимости от того, что ты ешь – вредный, насквозь пропитанный
канцерогенами чизбургер или крайне полезный овощной салат. Специалисты
утверждают: есть в машине хуже всего. Во-первых, к этому быстро привыкаешь.
У тебя вырабатывается рефлекс, не менее стойкий, чем у собаки Павлова: села за
руль – ешь! И уже неважно что, главное – забить рот. Во-вторых, чаще
перекусывают в пробках, а это уже совсем никуда не годится. Не двигаясь с места
по полчаса, а то и по часу в окружении нервных, неприветливых людей, ты не
испытываешь ничего, кроме негативных эмоций. А что в итоге? Организм
начинает воспринимать пищу как нечто неприятное, плохо ее усваивает, и ты
получаешь проблемы с желудком, целлюлит и, возможно, ожирение.
Наш совет: Рекомендовать тебе перестать ездить на автомобиле смешно, не
стоять в пробках – тем более. Но будет разумным перестать садиться за руль
голодной. Воз с собой бутылку воды или сока – он помогут справиться с
приступом голода.
Хронический недосып
Ты работаешь, как сумасшедшая лошадь, в надежде, что вот еще чуть-чуть – и
наконец-то отоспишься. А "наконец-то" все не наступает и не наступает: то отчет,
то заказ, то один в отпуске, потом другой на больничном: а ты их заменяешь – и
так круглый год. Между тем, по мнению специалистов из Атланты, точнее, из ме-
дицинского института сна, такая ситуация опасна. Чтобы восстановить один час
недосыпа, требуются два. Вот и посчитай, сколько ты недобираешь за неделю. А
за год? А недосып дает очень плохой эффект: снижение внимания, расстройство
памяти, нарушение обменных процессов. В общем, если следовать народной
логике, что сон - лучшее лекарство, недосып окажется худшим из недомоганий,
потому что наносит удар абсолютно по всему. Посмотри на себе в зеркало после
бессонной ночи, проведенной на дискотеке: вроде бы почти бодрая, а под глазами
синяки, неожиданные морщины, кожа сероватая и прочие прелести. А теперь
подумай, какого сердцу, желудку, печени и прочим органам, ведь результат сбоя
их деятельности у тебя на лице.
Наш совет: Рассчитывай свой рабочий день, так, чтобы спать не менее 6 часов.
Попробуй в течение недели ложиться хотя бы на полчаса раньше, чем обычно.
Если тяжело вставать, переведи будильник на 15 минут.
Если плохо засыпаешь, займись йогой или плаванием. Ошибочно полагать, что
эти занятия только расслабляют. Они также тонизируют – так что и
засыпать будешь нормально, и по утрам перестанешь стаскивать себя с
постели за волосы.
Exercise 41 Look at the following diagrams which show the results of the public
opinion poll conducted among the Russian people. What conclusions can you make
analyzing the information from the diagrams? How would you answer the same
questions if asked?
DO YOU HAVE A DESIRE TO PRACTICE SPORTS, OR NOT?

DO YOU HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO PRACTICE SPORTS, OR NOT?

DO YOU PRACTICE SPORTS, OR NOT? IF YOU DO, HOW OFTEN? (Responses of those saying
they have the opportunity to practice sports)

OPEN-ENDED QUESTION: HOW DO YOU UNDERSTAND THE EXPRESSION "HEALTHY

WAY OF LIVING," WHAT DOES IT MEAN?
 TEST
1 My grandmother is very old and is not ……. very good health.
a) from b) in c) on d) with
2 Exercise tends to ……. the effects of old age.
a) offset b) run down c) set back d) waylay
3 When there is excessive obesity patients are sometimes put on a …….diet which
enables them to lose weight extremely quickly.
a) balanced b) light c) crash d) slim
4 She always pays..... visits to the dentist.
a) customary b) habitual c) normal d) regular
5 The dentist told him to open his mouth......
a) broad b) greatly c) much d) wide
6 He ..... when the dentist touched the bad tooth.
a) alarmed b) dreaded c) laughed d) winced
7 Robert is very ..... about the cost of his dental treatment.
a) ashamed b) pained c) sorry d) worried
8 Put your hand in cold water. This will help to …… the pain of the burn.
a) bear b) avoid c) relieve d) resist
9 The ..... in one of my teeth has come out, so I'm going to the dentist.
a) cover b) completion c) filling d) replacement
10 You are unlikely to need vitamin pills ….. you have some special medical reason.
a) if b) because c) while d) unless
11 She phoned her doctor to say she was unable to ..... her appointment.
a) arrive b) hold c) keep d) stand
12 She put ..... going to the dentist although her teeth needed attention.
a) away b) in c) off d) out
13 The small girl had to have four teeth ..... because they were so bad.
a) broken b) pulled c) taken away d) taken out
14 Experts recommend a ….. diet with plenty of fresh vegetables.
a) various b) varied c) wide d) changeable
15 In some countries more and more young people now need ..... teeth.
a) false b) spare c) unnatural d) untrue
16 He …… a rare disease when he was working in the hospital.
a) caught b) infected c) suffered d) took
17 Make sure you …… your food properly before you swallow it.
a) bite b) chew c) crunch d) eat
18 A walk in the fresh air will ….. .
a) better you b) do you good c) heal you d) make you good
19 We need to be able to breathe ….. in order to live.
a) atmosphere b) carbon dioxide c) oxygen d) ozone
20 You know that smoking always brings …… a fit of coughing.
a) in b) on c) out d) up
21 He’s certainly …… a lot of weight since I last saw him.
a) taken on b) put on c) put up d) taken up
22 You have a very nasty cough. You must ….. on cigarettes.
a) cut down b) give up c) reduce d) take down
23 There's an old saying, "it's the double gins that cause the ..... ".
a) crossed eyes b) double chins c) flat feet d) knock knees
24 Exercise tends to ..... the effects of old age.
a) offset b) run down c) set back d) waylay
25 A diet high in carbohydrates contains little of the ..... material needed to build up
tissue.
a) calorific b) digestible g) nourishing d) sustaining
 MODULE 2. GOING IN FOR SPORTS

There is no way sport is so important that it can be allowed to damage the rest of your life.
Steve Ovett (1955 - )
British athlete.
Remark, Los Angeles Olympic Games

A sound mind in a sound body.

(a proverb)

Exercise 1 Fill in the blanks in the sentences below with a word or phrase from the box.
beach ball basketball throw play for a team
golf ball football touch play for your country
football softball kick beat a team
tennis ball volleyball hit beat a player
shoot beat a side
bounce kick off
pass score a goal
catch score a point
head win a game
punch win a set/match
volley win a
lob competition/Cup
smash take a shot at goal
play a game of
pitch bat player match
court club defender game
field stick striker set
course racquet goalkeeper team/side
 1) Ronaldo took a shot ................ goal but the goalkeeper caught the ball.
2) A good basketball player must be able to ................ the ball to other players.
3) Brazil................ Germany 2-1.
4) In table tennis, you must let the ball ................ on the table before you hit it.
5) Bergkamp plays ................ Arsenal in England.
6) How many times has Germany ................ the World Cup?
7) If he gets this game, he'll win the set and could win the ................ .
8) Martina ................ the ball over her opponent's head to the back of the court.
9) Tiger Woods' shot was superb – he ............... the ball and it rolled ten metres and fell
into the hole.
10) We love playing ................ in bare feet on the beach.
Exercise 2 Fill in the blanks in the sentences below with a word or phrase from the box.
sportsman be fond of hall indoor/
sportswoman be keen on stadium outdoor/
athlete be good at centre motor/
competitor compete in a sport track winter/
opponent compete for your field summer/
country pitch water athletics
starter spectator The Olympics fit
referee equipment The Olympic games unfit
umpire The Olympic event

1) I enjoy watching football but I've never been very good ................ it.
2) At our local sports centre you can play a wide variety of................ sports.
3) I'm not too keen ................ sports such as boxing.
4) The ................ you need for skiing, like boots and a ski suit, can be quite expensive.
5) It's a pity that most people only support................ during the Olympics.
6) Are you fond ................ sports like tennis?
7) Which do you prefer –summer or ................ sports?
8) Is swimming an ................ or indoor sport in your country?
9) Personally, I think the ................ should have awarded a penalty.
10) Athletes have to be extremely ................ if they want to compete successfully.
Exercise 3 Complete the chart by adding the words below.
umpire canoeing ring pool snooker golf
squash coach club athletics bowls defender
rod oar course field swimming motor racing
track pitch boxing skiing ground tennis
skis football hockey court stadium basketball
volleyball player referee net bat judge
stick whistle team goalkeeper boots trunks
captain manager diving fishing racquet striker

places games sport people equipment

Exercise 4 Fill in the blanks with a word from the chart above.
1) Have you ever been to a boxing … ?
2) You can’t row without one or two … .
3) The person who selects the players for a game is the … .
4) In table tennis you hit the ball with a round … .
5) London’s most famous venue for international matches is Wembley … .
6) The official who makes sure players follow the rules in games like tennis, squash,
basketball is the … .
7) When there is a foul during a football match, the referee blows his … .
8) The football player who tries to score goals is called a … .
9) We play squash and tennis on an indoor … .
10) Marathon runners make one circuit of the … before leaving the stadium.
Exercise 5 Put each of the following words and word combinations in its correct place
in the passage below:
officials rink facilities scoreboard
pools athletes field events spectators
courts pitches rings
stadium sports track events
There are many … in my city. There are football … , tennis and basketball …,
swimming …, a sports hall with two boxing … and a skating … . There is also an
athletic … , where 20, 000 … can watch the … on the track and the … , such as
jumping and throwing, in the grass centre. The … get ready in modern changing rooms
and the … time and measure the events with modern equipment. A huge electronic …
shows the results.
Exercise 6 Choose the correct answer.
Choosing to go to a gym regularly (1)............ change your life for the better. Don't let it
be a decision you regret!
Good gyms have a lot to offer. They (2)............ provide exercise equipment that is just
too expensive to buy and their trained staff are (3)............ to provide quality health and
fitness advice. But if you're planning to join a gym, you (4)............ definitely ask to look
round before you become a member.
There are a number of things to bear in mind before choosing which gym to join.
Before the law changed a few years ago, anyone (5)............ set up a gym and even today
gyms (6)............ employ trained fitness instructors. Find out what qualifications the
staff have. If they're untrained, it's best to go elsewhere.
You (7)............ be put off by the gym's hard sell. Just because they want you to sign up
–they want your money, after all - that doesn't mean you (8)............ decide there and
then. See a few gyms before you make your final decision.
Ask yourself: What kind of equipment and facilities do they have? There's little point
joining a gym and then thinking a few months later: ”I (9)............ have chosen a gym
with a pool.” Do you (10)............ book equipment in advance, or can you just turn up
and use it? How busy does the gym get? It (11)............ be very pleasant turning up to
find there's no room in the changing room and there's a huge queue for each piece of
equipment. It (12)............ also be a good idea to talk to
people who already go to that gym to find out their opinion.
1) A must B would C should D will have to
2) A can B could C would D must
3) A made B forced C allowed D able
4) A should B would C might D will
5) A can B could C might D may
6) A mustn’t B don't have to C can't D shouldn't
7) A mustn’t B couldn't C won't D mightn't
8) A can’t B can C would D have to
9) A ought to B must C have to D can't
10) A able B must C have to D allowed
11) A won’t have to B doesn't have to C mustn't D won't
12) A must B might C has to D ought to
Exercise 7 Write one word in each gap.
When I broke my arm a week ago, I guess it (1)......................... to have hurt. But it
didn't! We were doing PE at school, and we were making a pyramid. We
(2) ........................ to stand on each other's shoulders. I was right at the top. We
(3) ........................ have been doing it properly because suddenly the pyramid collapsed
and we all fell. I landed on my arm.
Mr. Jenkins (4)......................... have known immediately that I'd broken my arm
because he sent someone to call an ambulance. 'Sit still, and don't move your arm at all
until the ambulance comes,' he said. I (5)......................... still remember the feeling –
my arm was numb, and looked very strange, but there was no pain at all. I remember
thinking: 'It (6)......................... be broken. If it was broken, I'd be in agony.' I suppose
not feeling any pain (7)......................... have been because I was in shock. The plaster
(8)......................... come off in about three weeks but it (9)......................... have to stay
on longer. It depends on whether the break has healed properly or not. The next three
weeks may (10)......................... be the best three weeks of my life – no basketball, no
playing in the playground, no swimming – but I'm counting my blessings. It
(11)......................... have been a lot worse!
Exercise 8 Read the text and answer the following questions. What is your attitude
towards sport? What kind of sports seems more attractive to you? Why?
Sports develop force, endurance, accuracy, and dexterity. It also prevents organisms
from various diseases. Physical culture accustoms the man to discipline. It brings up
such qualities as will power, boldness, resoluteness, and valiance of the bourses. In
conclusion, all kinds of sports can be useful and healthy for your body regardless of the
sport you choose. The important thing is to exercise regularly.

CHOOSING THE RIGHT KIND OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY FOR YOU

Any kind of regular physical activity can improve your health, fitness levels, and the
way you feel about yourself. Choose activities that you enjoy, you can afford, and can
fit in to your current lifestyle. There are lots of different kinds of physical activities to
choose from. It is simply a matter of finding what's right for you.
Team sports can be a great way of having fun and improving your fitness at the same
time. This can be a good way of making new friends.
Some people prefer to take up individual activities that they can do whenever and
however they want, without having to rely on other people or time schedules set by
clubs and gyms. Bicycle riding, swimming or walking are some of these types of
activities.
There are many other activities you can do with a friend anytime. Walk together on
the beach, a park or through the bush, have a game of golf or tennis, or go swimming.
Go roller blading, skate boarding, kick a ball around, or "shoot hoops".
There are holidays built around fun activities like skiing or wild adventure type
holidays where you take in white water rafting, canoeing, mountain biking and abseiling
for example. You can also get involved in these kinds of activities on a one-off basis.
Look in your phone book.
Try your local gym – most local gyms and many community centres offer organised
fitness classes. Gyms often have weight equipment where you could try weight training.
A word of warning here – your bones need to be fully developed to start training with
weights, otherwise you could cause health problems a few years down the track. You
should have finished growing before using weights. Get professional advice before
starting weight training.
Community centres often offer activities such as yoga, tai chi and self defence
classes.
Exercise 9 Give English equivalents of the following words and phrases. Use them in
the sentences of your own:
физическая деятельность; повседневный образ жизни; командный спорт;
одиночный спорт; спортзал; расписание; баскетбол; экстремальный отдых;
альпинизм; начинать с пробных тренировок; гребля на байдарках; общественный
центр; уроки самообороны.
Exercise 10 Replace the italicized parts of the sentences by words and phrases from the
text:
1) He made his health better with the help of customary repeated exercises. 2) The
thing is simply to find something suitable for you. 3) If you want to develop your
muscles you should try exercises with heavy things. 4) Today one should choose the
activity carefully in order to find something within his or her income. 5) It’s better to
have physical classes in places specially equipped for gymnastics.
Exercise 11 Describe your favourite kind of sport using topical vocabulary.
Exercise 12 Read and translate the text:
DANCING
Dancing can be a most enjoyable form of exercise. But, what most people don't know
is that it also has a large number of health benefits. Dancing is a great full out mind
and body workout. It can make your body and soul feel good in a way that no other
exercise can. The benefits of dancing are like no other. It can help you lose weight,
strengthen and tone your body, increase stamina and flexibility, improve balance and
posture, and produce confidence among other things. Although dancing may appeal
mostly to women, in the last number of years the most popular forms of dance have
included males just as much as females. Whether it be dancing the waltz, cha cha, or
rhumba - dancing can be a great form of exercise for anyone.
Dancing can be used in place of regular low - impact exercises such as cycling,
walking, or aerobics. Depending on the form of the dance, you can actually burn a large
amount of calories doing it. Who would have thought you could have fun and lose
weight at the same time?!? Research shows that a 150-pound adult can actually burn
approximately 150 calories doing 30 minutes of social dancing. The best part is you're
not even thinking about losing the weight while doing it.
Researchers believe that dancing can keep your mind and body healthy as you age.
Any kind of dancing increases the number of chemicals being produced in the brain to
help with the growth of nerve cells. More importantly, dances that require you to learn
certain steps can actually increase your brain power and help to improve your memory
skills. Dancing has even been known to help to reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease.
Any kind of dance has you using all the different parts of your body. This also means
that all the different muscles in your body are being used. This helps to strengthen and
tone your muscles without hurting your joints. It also helps to strengthen bones, and
tone your entire body. Specific dances also have certain benefits for your body. For
example, belly dancing helps to prevent lower back problems; ballroom dancing helps
to keep the heart in shape; and salsa dancing helps to lower blood pressure and
cholesterol. All forms of dance however are known to lower your risk of heart disease,
help with weight loss, and strengthen the bones and muscles in your legs and hips.
Overall, dancing has become a well known form of exercise. Recently it has reached
out to both males and females with its new age forms of ballroom dancing. Ballroom
dancing has become a part of the entertainment industry which has given it its rising
appeal. However, there are many different forms of dance to try out, all of which keep
you in good health and are lots of fun.
Exercise 13 Answer the following questions:
1) What are the benefits of dancing? 2) What kinds of dances do you know? 3) What
double bonus can you get from dancing? 4) How does dancing affect our mental
abilities? 5) What disease can dancing avert? 6) What specific dances do you know? 7)
What benefits do specific dances have? 8) What dances became a part of the
entertainment industry? 9) Do you like to dance? 10) What dances do you prefer?
Exercise 14 Write a composition describing how dancing can effect our health (150 –
200 words).
Exercise 15 Read the text.
Pre-reading task: before reading the text consult the dictionary and practice the
pronunciation of the following words and word combinations:
pilates; regimen; invaluable; technique; simultaneously; core; efficiently; breathing;
abdomen; coordination-both; inimitably; torso; abdominal.

PILATES
Pilates is a system of over 500 controlled exercises that engage the mind and condition
the total body by using a popular exercise regimen that uses special stretches and
machines. Named after Joseph Pilates, Pilates exercise system has proven itself
invaluable not only to the fitness user, but to the professional trainers as well. Pilates, a
technique of exercise and physical movement intended to stretch, strengthen, and
balance the body.
 With regular practice of specific exercises joined with focused breathing patterns.
Pilates works several muscle groups simultaneously through smooth, continuous
motion, with a particular concentration on strengthening and stabilising the core.
Pilates focuses on the quality of movement rather than quantity, which makes one
feel refreshed rather than tired after a session. Pilates takes a balanced approach so that
no muscle group is overworked and the body works efficiently.
With the ageing of our people and the increasing trend toward mindful, moderate
health practices, Pilates is more likely to find itself with a wait list at the YMCA, and in
your local public schools, shaping the fitness ideals of our next generation.
Practiced loyally, Pilates yields many benefits such as: increased lung capacity and
circulation through deep breathing. Strength and flexibility, particularly of the abdomen
and back muscles, coordination –both muscular and mental, are key components in an
effective Pilate's program. Posture, balance, and core strength are all heartily increased.
It develops bone density and joint health improvements as you become more aware of
your body. Pilates teaches balance and control of the body.
Pilate's equipment today is not much different than that of earlier days. Because of
the nature of the equipment the inimitably designed pieces truly act as a complement to
the challenging mat exercises.
Here are some Pilate moves:
The Hundred – This movement strengthens the torso by requiring the back muscles to
work in synergy with the abdominal muscles.
Roll Up –This movement strengthens the abdominal muscles.
One-Leg Circle –This movement opens up the hip, increasing flexibility.
One-Leg Stretch –This movement strengthens the abdominal muscles with the
opposition effect of keeping the back flat on the floor while changing legs.
Single Straight-Leg Stretch –This movement strengthens the abdominal muscles by
the opposition of keeping the back flat on the floor while changing legs.
Always keep water close to you and drink before you get too thirsty. Key to
remember is that you should consult a physician before starting any exercise
programme.
Exercise 16 Translate into Russian:
engage the mind and condition the total body by using a popular exercise regimen
that uses special stretches and machines; practice of specific exercises joined with
focused breathing patterns; pilates yields many benefits; density and joint health
improvements; the inimitably designed pieces truly act as a complement to the
challenging mat exercises; opens up the hip, increasing flexibility; key to remember is
that you should consult a physician.
Exercise 17 Answer the questions:
1) What is Pilates? 2) How many exercises are there in Pilates? 3) Who generally uses
Pilates? 4) What are the benefits of Pilates? 5) Name some Pilate movements. 6) What
is “one- leg circle”? 7) What is “roll up”? 8) What is “single straight-leg stretch”? 9)
Have you heard about Pilates before? 10) Are there any Pilates centres in your city?
Exercise 18 Translate words in brackets into English:
1) During the sessions you understand that (объем легких) is very important. 2) This
letter is a unique document of high value, and (доказал свою бесценность) during the
test. 3) She was kneading dough with (непрерывные движения) of her hands. 4) He
attends physical classes to (чувствовать себя бодро). 5) One should take
(сбалансированный подход) in everything he or she does. 6) I feel (утомленный)
after my classes so I can’t do without a nap. 7) Most of us (создавать идеалы), but only
a few of us reach them. 8) (Главный компонент) of healthy relationship is mutual
understanding. 9) Our clientele of innovative artists and designers provide a unique
platform for commercial (взаимодействие) of art, fashion and function.
Exercise 19 Say what you have learnt about Pilates.
Exercise 20 Read the text and answer the questions after the text:
EXERCISE BY FUNCTIONAL FITNESS
The area of exercise known as functional fitness or functional exercise is a form of
exercising that focuses on building a body capable of doing real-life activities in real-
life positions, and it can be done by virtually everyone, regardless of present fitness
level. And, if you are like three-quarters of Americans, you don't get the exercise you
need. Functional fitness is a perfect answer to the missing exercise factor!
The promotion of daily activity includes the idea of fitness walking as a highly
acceptable form of exercise, as it can be done by almost everyone and requires no
expensive equipment. Also, it can be done for any length of time, and the intensity can
be adjusted according to age, health status, and fitness goals.
Great as a stand alone routine or as part of your current regimen, Functional Fitness is
a valuable exercise tool for people of any age or skill-level looking to:
 Increase fitness, coordination, flexibility, and agility
 Decrease chances of injury during everyday activities
 Perform fun and easy routines anytime, anywhere
 A valuable exercise tool for people of all ages and skill levels

Through functional exercise, you'll learn to train whole body movements, not isolated
muscles (as with typical machine-driven gym workouts). Strengthen and improve the
normal actions you perform each and every day, and support your journey to optimal
health!
1) What is Functional fitness? 2) What are the benefits of it? 3) What qualities does
it help to develop? 4) Who can practice Functional fitness? 5) What are the advantages
of Functional fitness? 6) What are the main exercises of Functional fitness? 7) What is
“machine-driven gym workouts”?

Exercise 21 Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions and adverbs:

 BELIEVING THAT AEROBIC EXERCISE IS THE SECRET TO LONG TERM
WEIGHT LOSS
Even exercise physiologists are often caught … in the partial view thinking that
"aerobic exercise burns fat." The truth is, you might enhance fat release during aerobic
exercise, but you can burn fat as fuel anytime you are … an "aerobic state." Aerobic, by
definition, suggests that you are meeting oxygen demand. That means any time you are
meeting the demand … oxygen you are capable … burning fat.
If you learn to balance out supportive eating with result oriented exercise, you can
shift your body … a state where it is slowly releasing and burning fat literally ALL
DAY LONG! Too much aerobic exercise, or exercising beyond your body's momentary
ability to supply fuel, can actually result … a loss of muscle and metabolic slowdown. If
you've been … a strictly aerobic program, and neglected the resistance training or
supportive eating, it's no wonder you feel … if you failed to get the results you seek.
Don't misunderstand me. I don't suggest aerobic exercise is bad. It's vital …
enhancing the function of the heart and lungs and … better delivering nutrients to every
cell … your body. It's just that it should be viewed … a piece of the overall puzzle, not
the solution in and of itself. A slight modification … any exercise program is usually
enough to turn this mistake … so improvement is constant and ongoing!
Exercise 22 You’ve read three different texts about different kinds of fitness. Answer the
following questions:
1) What is the differencebetween these tree types of fitness?
2) Is there any difference in places where one can exercise?
3) Is there any difference in groups of people, who practise these types of fitness?
4) What kind of fitness do you prefer? Why?
5) Have you ever attended fitness classes? If yes, what was the result?

Exercise 23 Translate into English.

 Бег наряду с ходьбой является наиболее популярным занятием спортом среди
тех, кто хочет поддерживать хорошую спортивную форму и быть здоровым. Я
начал бегать, когда мне было за сорок, причем следует отметить, до этого никогда
серьезно спортом не занимался. Более того, я всегда находил уважительную
причину, чтобы не делать утреннюю зарядку.
Однажды, почувствовав боли в сердце, я решил, что только я отвечаю за свое
здоровье, и что только умеренные занятия спортом смогут улучшить мое
состояние. Я был абсолютно уверен в успехе, так как, хотя моя спортивная форма
оставляла желать лучшего, у меня не было дурных привычек. Я бросил курить
много лет назад, а алкоголь употреблял в умеренных количествах. Кроме того, я
всегда довольно внимательно относился к своей диете. Я понимал, что
переедание, а также употребление животных жиров и высококалорийной пищи,
могут быть вредными для моего здоровья. Я вел малоподвижный образ жизни, так
как моя работа требовала от меня проводить много времени за компьютером. Я не
хотел набирать лишний вес, поэтому придерживался разумной диеты.
После тщательного осмотра мой доктор рекомендовал начать с быстрой ходьбы,
постепенно переходя к бегу трусцой. Вначале я чувствовал себя очень уставшим,
но надеялся, что мой организм достаточно вынослив и сможет противостоять
физической усталости. У меня было явное ощущение того, что физическая
активность совершенно необходима для моего здоровья, и не только физического,
но и морального. Мои усилия были вознаграждены. Уже через несколько месяцев
я почувствовал, что мое состояние значительно улучшилось. Я стал меньше
страдать от стрессов, укрепилась вера в собственные силы, и могу с уверенностью
сказать: изменилось отношение к окружающей меня жизни и ее качество.

Exercise 24 Read the advertisement from the magazine.

FITNESS FORMULA

Address: 7 Nakhimova St.

Phone: 7-812-103-5115
Working hours: 8:00-21:00

The Fitness Formula is the sport center offering wide ranges of trainings, including
those based on individual programs. There are various types of aerobics, such as yoga,
dancing, step and many others. In the Fitness Formula there are classes for both
beginners and professionals. The instructors are ready to help to all of those who want
to improve their physical shape and follow the healthy way of life. All the classes are
different, but effectiveness is what they have in common. The power trainings are
intended for those who want to correct their figures, aerobics classes are ideal for those
who want to train their cardiovascular and respiratory systems and lower their weight.
As for callanetics and yoga, they allow to reach not only physical, but also spiritual
harmony. Professional instructors of the Fitness Formula add an individual touch to
each training.
Both group and individual trainings are available in the Fitness Formula. The
instructors will be delighted to develop an individual program of working out in the
gym or in the aerobics hall, control the accuracy of one's loading, and consult
concerning a special diet for a better result.
One of the distinguishing characteristics of the Fitness Formula is attention to kids
and teenagers. There are special classes intended for them. During the trainings the little
ones play various games, listen to music, learn to perform simple physical exercises
improving cardiovascular and respiratory systems. The classes for the teenagers include
sport games, combat elements, power exercises with modern sport equipment use, and
exercises for better attitude, calisthenics, flexibility, power and grace.
 For the Fitness Formula guests could have a good rest, in the sport complex there are
beauty parlour, solarium and massage room.
Answer the questions:
1) What is Fitness Formula? 2) Where is it located? 3) When does it work? 4) What
types of aerobics can visitors find in the Fitness Formula? 5) Who can help you if you
come there for the first time? 6) What is one of the distinguishing characteristics of the
centre? 7) What extra facilities does it provide?
Exercise 25 Give the English equivalents for:
широкий круг тренировок; физическая форма; предназначены; индивидуальный
подход к чему-либо; контролировать точность; отличительная черта; боевые
искусства; современное спортивное оборудование; косметический кабинет.
Exercise 26 Work in groups: imagine that you are a publicity agent and you have to
advertise a gym. Write the advertisement and describe the gym.
Exercise 27 Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions and adverbs:
THE IMPORTANCE OF WARMING UP AND COOLING DOWN
It is important to do some warm up exercises … you begin any session … sport or
physical activity. Warming up prepares the body … physical exertion, and reduces the
chances of getting cramps or serious injuries. Walking, slow running, riding an exercise
bike, gentle aerobic movements or dancing are good ways … warming up. Cooling
down properly … exercising will reduce the risk … muscle soreness or stiffness the
next day. You can use the same kinds of physical activities that you used to warm up.
Stretches should also be a part of warming up and cooling down. If you watch a lot of
sport, either live or … television, you have probably seen athletes stretching and
loosening … before taking part … a game or event. Serious athletes aren't willing to
risk pain, injury and poor performance by not preparing their bodies … increased
activity, and … should you!
Exercise 28 Divide the following sport equipment according to the places where it can
be found:
weight equipment; gym mat; doona; hoop; gate; hole; weight; weights; dumb-bells;
club; horizontal bar; turnstile; skid; cycling trails; balance; bars; hoop; the rings; discus;
training apparatus; tennis racket; shuttlecock; hockey stick; puck; ball; tennis-ball ;
hockey-ball; speedometer; abdominal crunch; skateboard ramp.
GYMNASIUM; TENNIS COURT; PLAYGROUND; CROQUET LAWN; HOCKEY
GROUND; FOOTBALL GROUND; STADIUM
Exercise 29 Sometimes sport equipment has a very interesting origin that we don’t
know. Read the text and learn about the invention of Ping Pong.
A FANTASTIC NEW IDEA
Eighty years ago, Mr. Goode of Putney, South London, went to the chemist’s to buy
some aspirin. In the shop, he almost forgot about his tablets as he stood looking at the
pimpled rubber mat on the counter. It has given him a fantastic new idea.
He paid for his aspirin and the rubber mat. Then he rushed home, cut the rubber mat
to the right shape and size and stuck it to his wooden table tennis bat. The thin layer of
rubber helped him put a very fast spin on the ball. When he became the English
champion, everyone started copying him, putting rubber layer on their bats, and soon
Mr. Goode’s brainwave completely changed the style and speed of table tennis.
Table tennis was first invented in England in about 1880. At first the game had several
strange names: Gossima, Whiff Whaff and Ping Pong. It wasn’t until 1926 that the
international Table Tennis Association was formed with an international championship
and rules. One of the rules was that the rubber lining of the bat (Mr. Good’s brainchild)
couldn’t be more than two millimeters thick on each side.
Exercise 30 Explain the meanings of the following words:
pimpled rubber mat; rushed; stuck it to; tennis bat; put a very fast spin on the ball;
brainwave; championship; rubber lining; brainchild.
Exercise 31 Complete these sentences using the correct form of one of the verbs from
the list A above.
1) Skateboarding ………… since 1976 when it was a kid’s toy.
2) If you try, you ………… with the other skiers.
3) After he had broken his leg at skateboarding he ………… of the school football
team.
4) He always………… when we are going uphill.
5) Discussing English rugby the two friends………… .
6) May I …………a game?
7) When did the match …………?
8) Fans were in fury. “…………!”they shouted.
9) If you try to argue with the referee, he……… only……… you.
10) If you don’t train hard, our coach ………you……… .
Exercise 32 For questions 1-15, read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C
or D best fits each space.
THE PERSONAL TRAINER
What does a personal trainer do?
I meet each client to discuss what he or she is looking for. It could be (1)… from
improving general fitness to losing – or, in a few cases, – (2) … weight. I then devise a
training programme for them which I think will (3) … them to achieve their (4)… . If
they’ve had anything (5) … with them, say a back(6)…, I speak to their doctor who will
(7) … me what not to do. If someone eats and drinks too much, it’s easy to suggest they
(8) …, but if that doesn’t (9) …, I look at their diet. I prefer to train on a one-to-one (10)
…, though I do sometimes work with (11)… if they are friends and want to train
together.
Who needs a personal trainer?
I think most people do. A trainer will (12) … you to try (13) … . You achieve 20 per
cent more than you could training alone, no (14) … how dedicated you are. I’ve got a
lot of Americans on my books, and I actually prefer them. (15) … most Brits, who still
haven’t really got the idea, Americans know how to work out.
1 A nothing B everything C anything D something
2 A adding B gaining C putting D finding
3 A help B ensure C let D organize
4 A hope B intention C aim D wish
5 A ill B bad C off D wrong
6 A wound B hurt C injury D accident
7 A persuade B advise C suggest D order
8 A cut out B cut off C cut back D cut down
9 A work B function C manage D advance
10 A way B method C basis D style
11 A crowds B couples C twins D doubles
12 A move B push C make D insist
13 A stronger B better C more D harder
14 A matter B point C way D doubt
15 A Compared B Contrary C Different D Unlike
Exercise 33 For Questions 1-10, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at
the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an
example at the beginning.
Example: 0 ………..decision
When you have made the (0) ........ to begin exercising, DECIDE
you need more than just enthusiasm - you need to use (1)........ EQUIP
which is high quality, safe and (2)......... The Classic Home RELY
Cycle is a basic model with a (3)........ distance meter and timer. MECHANIC
It has a strong construction and enclosed flywheel for (4)........ SAFE
and both the seat and handlebars are (5)........ to different ADJUST
(6)........ so the user can pedal in the most comfortable position. HIGH
With a rowing machine you can (7)........ the arms and legs as STRONG
well as exercising the back. Brisk rowing is just as (8)........ for EFFECT
burning calories as running at 11 km an hour. The (9)........ - REASON
priced Classic Rower has a seat which moves smoothly (10) ........ THROUGH
the whole rowing programme, and is suitable for all home
exercisers.
Exercise 34 LISTENING You will hear a radio discussion about a special keep-fit
programme. For Questions 1-10, complete the notes on the information which is given.
You will need to write a word or short phrase in each box.
1) The programme is for people preparing for _____________________________
2) The programme includes diet and _____________________________________
3) Minimum attendance?______________________________________________
4) Length of the programme?___________________________________________
5) What do you have to reveal at the beginning?____________________________
6) Cost of the programme?_____________________________________________
7) What to write your application on?____________________________________
8) Age range?_______________________________________________________
9) Time of day? _____________________________________________________
10) Most successful person will receive___________________________________
Exercise 35 Read and translate the text.
SLOBBING IS GOOD FOR YOU
Not only is being a coach potato an enjoyable way to spend your days, it could also
mean you have more days to enjoy. Yes, professional couching is good for your health
and may increase your lifespan. Here are the facts:
 An average of 19 million sports related injuries are reported every year in England and
Wales alone.
 According to the Office for National Statistics, 84 people died of sporting injuries in
one recent year. And that doesn’t include the 58 who drowned.
 Bungee-jumping has resulted in a new type of back and neck strain. Mountaineering
and air sports such as hang-gliding, each kill at least 16 people a year. In Japan, skiing
is the greatest source of sport-related death and impact injury. A Harvard Medical
School doctor even reported 11 cases of strangulation of skiers wearing long scarves.
 In one Sports Council study of 28,000 people, soccer was found responsible for more
than a quarter of 2000 injuries seen every month.
 Rugby is three times more dangerous than the next most risky activities: soccer, field
hockey, cricket and the martial arts.
 The New England Journal of Medicine reported on 25 sportsmen killed when they
were hit on the chest over the heart with a ball or hockey puck. It is thought that such a
blow triggers a fatal upset to the rhythm of the heart beat.
 New sports injuries cost the NHS at least 240 million pounds each year.
 Scientific evidence suggests that prolonged, strenuous training can impair the immune
system, reducing the body’s ability to fight infection. Athletes fall ill more often than
couch potatoes. So lie back and enjoy yourself.
Exercise 36 Match the words from the left column with their explanations from the right.
1) slobbing a) jumping from a very high point with feet attached to a
long piece of rubber
2) couch potato b) eg. karate and aikido
3) hockey puck c) flying while attached to a large kite
4) triggers d) change in
5) NHS e) a flat piece of rubber used instead of a ball in ice hockey
6) upset to f) very heavy
7) impact injury g) the body’s method of fighting diseases
8) bungee-jumping h)weaken
9) lifespan i) National Health Service, the British system of free medical
treatment
10) couching j) death from lack of respiration caused by something tight
around the neck
11) immune system k) the length of your life
12) impair l) being a coach potato
13) risky m) damage to the body when in direct contact with
somebody/something
14) martial arts n) starts
15) hang-gliding o) dangerous
16) strenuous p) being very lazy
17) drowned q) died in the water because they were unable to breathe
18) strangulation r) a person who sits and watches TV all day

Exercise 37 Complete the following sentences with these numbers from the box.
a) Every year … sports injuries are reported in England and Wales.
16
b) In one recent year, there were … deaths from sports injuries.
19 million
c) Every year … people die in air sports, and the same number die
84
mountaineering.
240 million
d) The Sports Council did a survey of … people. It showed that …
500
people per month got hurt playing football.
28 000
e) In Britain, medical treatment for new sports injuries costs more than
… pounds per year.
Exercise 38 Answer the following questions:
1) What is the point of the article? Who is it talking to?
Do you think the article could persuade somebody to give up sport?
2) What sports do you do? How regularly do you do them? Have you ever been injured
doing sport or exercise? What happened? What do you do to prevent injury?
3) What do you think are the most dangerous sports? Do you do any of them? Why/why
not?
Exercise 39 Put the following benefits of sport in order of importance with 1 as the
most important. Discuss your answers with a partner. Do a group survey to compare
results.
 makes your body more flexible increases strength
increases stamina tones the muscles
helps you to relax good way of meeting people
allows you to get rid of aggression
good for competitive instinct teaches you to be part of a team

Exercise 40 LISTNING Listen to three people talking about professional sport and tick
the criticisms made by the speakers.
1) The best players retire from sport too early.
2) Local football teams lose their best players to top clubs.
3) There’s too much sport on TV.
4) Ticket prices for football matches are too high.
5) There’s a lot of drug taking in sport.
6) The top games aren’t shown on free TV stations.
7) There’s too much pressure on young sports people.
Listen again and complete these sentences.
“Top clubs pay … up to a million pounds a year.”
“The best players play for the team that pays …the … .”
Exercise 41 Write a dialogue between two friends. One friend does a lot of sport and is
trying to persuade his/her friend, who never does sport, to take it up. Start:
A: I’m thinking of going for a run this evening. Would you like to join me?
B: No, thanks, ___. You know I hate running.
Exercise 42 Put one of the following linking words or phrases into each gap.

as a result especially on the contrary

above all however if
which this is why to
before such as
Doing regular exercises can be dangerous, … if you are over 40. … it is a very good
idea to see your doctor … starting if you think you are not very fit. Some people try to
exercise too vigorously too soon, and … they cause themselves injuries … can take a
long time to heal.
… , it is not only older people who should take care. Doctors report many injuries
… backaches, sprained ankles and pulled muscles, which can all be avoided … a little
care is taken. If you do injure yourself, rest for a while … allow your body to recover
naturally. … , don’t push yourself because you think it is doing good … , you could do
yourself permanent damage.
Exercise43 Read and translate the article below. Do you agree that exercise is a great
healer? Prove your point of view.
HOW EXERCISE HEALS
Regular physical activity can help us recover more quickly, heal more easily, and get
an edge over all kinds of disease and injury. In fact, exercise may just be nature’s best
medicine.
Want a stronger heart and a more alert mind? Would you like to be better equipped to
combat cancer and cardiovascular disease, fight the common cold, and even heal
wounds faster? This may sound like an infomercial for a too-good-to-be-true pill, but, in
fact, it’s an invitation to enjoy your body’s amazing ability to heal itself — an ability
that is substantially amplified when you make physical activity a part of your daily life.
“There is no medication or nutritional supplement that even comes close to having all
of the effects exercise does,” says David C. Nieman, PhD, “It’s truly the best medicine
we know of.”
We tend to think of exercise as a preventive measure — something that helps us to
maintain our general fitness and keep excess weight at bay. But in reality, exercise has a
vast range of healing influences on the body — influences that can help reverse
negative biochemical trends, while improving our resiliency and immunity at virtually
every level of our physiology.
 Exercise builds muscle and bone and also changes the way your genes function,
making it less likely that you’ll get cancer, that your arteries will harden or that you’ll
suffer from depression. Better yet, in the event these or other maladies do befall you,
there’s evidence that exercise can help you recover from them more easily and
successfully.
Good fitness has global healing effects, working simultaneously on multiple systems
to improve mental, spiritual and physical health. In fact, exercise aids nearly every
system in the body. Since these systems are interconnected, it can be difficult to
categorize exercise’s many specific benefits. That’s why, in the interest of giving
exercise at least a little more of its considerable due, we’ve collected a top-line
summary of just a few of the powerful ways exercise heals.
1) Cures Cardio Ills
2) Rebuilds Bone and Muscle
3) Maximizes Mental Acuity
4) Dials Down Inflammation
5) Helps Your Hormones
6) Boosts Immunity
7) Supports Mental, Spiritual and Sexual Health

TEST
1 This year our team are the ….. favourites to win the cup.
a) firm b) full c) grand d) hard
2 The team’s coach insisted on a programme of ….. training before the big match.
a) harsh b) rigorous c) severe d) searching
3 The team has practiced hard so that it could ….. the trophy.
a) regain b) replace c) restore d) return
4 The team’s recent wins have ….. them for the semi-finals.
a) fitted b) matched c) promoted d) qualified
5 John is always ….. about how well he plays football.
a) boasting b) flaunting c) parading d) puffing
6 His poor standard of play fully justifies his ..... from the team for the next match.
a) ban b) exception c) exclusion d) rejection
7 The footballer was ..... the field for kicking the referee.
a) brought off b) put off c) sent off d) taken off
8 The footballer scored four ..... , so his team won the match.
a) aims b) games c) goals d) scores
9 The fan shouted at the ..... of his voice.
a) head b) height c) limit d) top
10 The ..... at the football match became violent when their team lost.
a) customers b) groups c) observers d) spectators
11 Our village team were hopelessly ..... by the professional visitors.
a) outclassed b) outgrown c) outnumbered d) outraced
12 He was nervous at the beginning of the game but later he came into his ..... .
a) best b) nature c) own d) style
13 The ..... said it was a foul and gave us a free kick.
a) controller b) director c) referee d) umpire
14 In his first game for our team he ..... a goal after two minutes.
a) earned b) gained c) scored d) won
15 Manchester United are playing ..... Birmingham this Sunday.
a) against b) facing c) opposite d) with
16 Even though the match wasn't very exciting, the ..... managed to make it sound
interesting.
a) announcer b) commentator c) narrator d) presenter
17 The football match resulted in a ..... .
a) draw b) equalizer c) loss d) zero
18 The football team won partly because they had been trained by such a good ..... .
a) coach b) director c) instructor d) teacher
19 After their long period of training, the footballers were in good ..... .
a) cut b) figure c) shape d) style
20 The referee ..... the goal because of a previous infringement.
a) annulled b) demolished c) disallowed d) disqualified
21 Having lost the match, the team travelled home in ..... spirits.
a) cold b) dark c) empty d) low
22 As they watched the match, the crowd ..... in unison.
a) bellowed b) chanted c) crowed d) intoned
23 We still don't know who is going to win, because at half-time the score is one ..... .
a) all b) each c) equal d) together
24 I advise you not to ..... the referee's decision.
a) condemn b) condone c) conduct d) contest
25 As the minutes ticked by and we held on to our narrow lead our hopes of victory .....
steadily.
a) arose b) aroused c) raised d) rose

MODULE 3. HEALTHY FOOD

The best doctors in the world are Doctor Diet, Doctor Quiet and Doctor Merryman.
Jonathan Swift (1667 - 1745)

The scientific truth may be put quite briefly: eat moderately, having an ordinary mixed diet, and don't
worry.
Robert Hutchison (1871 - 1960)
British doctor.
Exercise 1 Find the English equivalents to the following words and word combinations.
1) назначить диету; 2) энергетический обмен; 3) диета с исключением молока; 4)
небольшая порция; 5) малокалорийная пища; 6) слабительное; 7) голодание; 8)
строгая диета; 9) кальций; 10) еда быстрого приготовления.
Exercise 2 Translate the following words and word combinations and give as many
synonyms as you know.
1) придерживаться диеты; 2) строгая диета; 3) здоровое питание;
4)сбалансированная диета.
Exercise 3 For questions 1-9, read the text and think of the word which best fits each
space. Use only one word in each space.
MEAL TIMES: ADVICE TO PARENTS
If children don't eat their food, parents usually get very anxious. But experts say,
children (1) … resist new food less, if parents didn't make (2) … a fuss. (3) … parents
avoided saying silly things at meal limes, life (4) … be much happier for everyone. Kids
find it boring to hear the same old lines: 'If you don't eat your vegetables, you (5) … get
any pudding!'
A report on children's eating habits says children (6) … eat more, if parents were more
relaxed about mealtimes. However, kids (7) … more likely to eat food if it looks
familiar, so you (8) … avoid giving them exotic-looking dishes like sushi or snails. But
if you serve the snails at the beginning of the meal, when the child is hungriest, they
might just (9) … them without thinking!
Exercise 4 Fill in the blanks with prepositions or adverbs, if necessary:
THE POWER OF WATER
A lot of drinks claim to be better than water; however, this is not true. There is a huge
difference … drinking water and drinking beverages that contain water. A lot of
beverages can actually contradict some of the positive effects of drinking fresh water …
its own.
Beverages that contain caffeine such as coffee and tea are examples … drinks that can
actually defer water … helping the body. These beverages stimulate the adrenal glands
in the body and act … diuretics. Soft drinks and pop are also drinks that act as diuretics.
Soft drinks contain high amounts of phosphorus which can cause the depletion …
calcium in your bones.
A lot of fruit juices which we assume to be healthy can also have harmful effects …
the body. Fruit juices can stimulate the pancreas, especially if they are high … sugar.
Pop is also very high in sugar and can cause stimulation of the pancreas. A regular can
of pop contains over 9 teaspoons … sugar, and in addition has tonnes of calories. These
particular beverages can therefore cause harmful effects … the body.
If you are thinking about what drink you should have during a workout, water is
always the number one choice. Some people like to use sports drinks especially … an
intense workout, which can be useful, however they contain syrup and other things that
are not really good … your body in the long run. If you are looking … a beverage as a
good source for hydration, lucozade sports powders can be used and contain vitamins,
however, the best and easiest choice is always water.
Exercise 5 Answer the following questions:
1) What do you usually drink hot weather? 2) What sort of tea do you prefer? Why? 3)
Do you drink coffee? How often? 4) What do you prefer to drink after training in a
gym? 5) Do you drink mineral water? Do you believe in its benefits? 6) Do you like
milk? Why?
Exercise 6 Read the text below and add the word which best fits each space. The first
(0) is given as an example.
LIVING A LONG TIME
It is often said that Japanese people, on (0) average, live much longer than
Europeans. ......... (1) a large extent this must be due to the food most Japanese people
eat since .......... (2)the point of view of lifestyle, life ........... (3)
modern Japan is no less stressful than ours ........... (4) the West. The Japanese
live........... (5) a diet largely made up ........... (6)fish, and rice. ........... (7) lunch time a
typical Japanese family will consume ........... (8) least twice as many vegetables as we
do in Europe, ........... (9) comparison with Europeans, the Japanese eat far less
meat and fewer potatoes; ........... (10) the same time, they eat seven times more fresh
fish than we do which makes their diet much healthier ........... far (11). It would be fair
to say that, ........... (12) general, the Japanese consume far less sugar than
Europeans, though the modern Japanese –frequent visitors ......... (13)
Europe ......... (14)business or ........... (15) pleasure – are discovering the
pleasures and dangers of western-style eating habits.
Exercise 7 Read and translate the text.
EATING IN A HEALTHY WAY
GOOD dining habits are vitally important to a person's health, Chen Zhonghui, a
renowned nutritionist, told a large audience at the Shenzhen Grand Theater on
Saturday. According to Chen, 60 percent of diseases are caused by an unhealthy
life style, while only 15 percent are genetically based.
A human being's main sources of nutrition are proteins, fat, carbohydrate,
mineral elements, salt, vitamin and water. People should try to get nutrition from
foods, instead of tonics, said Chen, who worked as nutritionist for China's State
and provincial leaders for more than a decade and co-wrote a popular health
guidebook.
When asked how he stays healthy, Chen said he eats "everything." One should
not be choosy about food, he said. Chen also pointed out several ordinary
unhealthy dining habits, such as eating only flour and rice and refusing to eat
coarse grains; eating only appetizers and refusing to eat entrees; and eating only
fruit and refusing to eat vegetables.
Chen said foods should be clean and fresh, and their nutritional elements
should be preserved as much as possible while preparing and cooking them. For
example, wash vegetables before shredding them so as to avoid washing vitamins
away. Northern Chinese like to eat braised vegetables in the winter, but braising
them robs the vegetables of their nutrition.
 Chen also stressed the importance of eating at proper time. Shenzheners often
have simple breakfasts, quick lunches and large suppers. Chen said these eating
habits are unhealthy and a major cause of obesity.
It's better to eat an early and nutritious breakfast and eat modest portions in the
evening, said Chen. Contrary to many calcium-supplement advertisements, Chen
said people will not suffer from insufficient calcium if they have enough
soybeans, milk and sunshine.
Exercise8 Each sentence below (A-G) is a summary of one section of the article. Choose a summary
sentence for each section and write the correct letter in the spaces (1-6). There is one extra sentence
which you do not need to use.
A If we eat food with more calories than we need, we get fat.
B Fibre is an important part of a good diet.
C It is better to eat regular meals than to wait for one big feast at the end of the
day.
D We all need the right mixture of different types of food in our diet.
E People differ in the food they enjoy and also in the way food affects them.
F We are likely to get all the proteins, vitamins and minerals we need in a good
balanced diet.
G A bad diet can damage our health.

1
The average person swallows about half-a-ton of food a year –not counting drink –
and though the body is remarkably efficient at extracting just what it needs from this
huge mixture, it can only cope up to a point.
If you go on eating too much of some things and not enough of others, you'll eventually
get out of condition and your health will suffer.
So think before you start eating. It may look good. It may taste good. Fine! But how
much good is it really doing you?
 2
What you eat and the way it affects your body depend very much on the kind of person
you are. For one thing, the genes you inherit from your parents can determine how your
body-chemistry (metabolism) copes with particular foods. The tendency to put on
weight rather easily, for example, often runs in families – which means that they have to
take particular care.
And your parents may shape your future in another way. Your upbringing shapes some
basic attitudes to food –like whether you have a sweet tooth, nibble between meals, take
big mouthfuls or eat chips with everything.
Eating habits, good or bad, tend to get passed on.
And then there's your lifestyle, How much you spend on food (time as well as money),
how much exercise you get – these can alter the balance between food and fitness.
And finally, both your age and your sex may affect this balance. For example, you're
more likely to put on weight as you get older, especially if you're a woman.
So, everybody's different and the important thing is to know yourself. Read on and see
if you think you are striking the right balance.

3
Your food should balance your body's need for –NUTRIENTS (proteins, fats,
carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and water) - the raw materials needed to build and
repair the body-machine.
ENERGY (calories) - to power the body-machine, all the thousands of different
mechanisms that keep you alive and active.
DIETARY FIBRE (a complex mixture of natural plant substances) - the value of which
we are just beginning to understand.
 4
If you're eating a fairly varied diet, it is just about impossible to go short of proteins,
vitamins or minerals. It is likely, too, that you have more than enough fats and
carbohydrates.
Take proteins for instance. On average, we eat about twice us much protein as we need.
Vitamin pills aren't likely to help either. A varied diet with plenty of fresh fruit,
vegetables and cereals along with some fish, eggs, meat and dairy products will contain
more than enough vitamins. Unless you have some special medical reason, it is a waste
of time and money to take vitamin pills.
As for minerals, there is no shortage in the average diet and it is useless to have more
than you need.

5
Just about everything you eat contains energy - measured as calories: the higher the
number of calories, the more energy. But don't make the mistake of thinking that eating
extra energy-rich foods will make you mote energetic. The amount of energy in your
daily diet should exactly balance the energy your body-machine burns up. If you eat
more than you use, the extra energy is stored as body fat. And this is the big problem.

6
Over hundreds of thousands of years, man's food came mainly from plants.
He ate cereals (like wheat), pulses (like beans and peas), vegetables, fruit and nuts. So
our ancestors were used to eating the sort of food that contains a lot of fibre.
In comparison with our ancestors, the sort of food we eat today contains very little fibre.
Our main foods are meat, eggs and dairy products, which contain no fibre at all. Lack of
fibre seems lo be connected with various disorders of the digestive system.
Some experts also believe that lack of fibre may even lead to heart disease.
If you're worried about your weight, eating more fibre may actually help you to slim!
Food with plenty of fibre like potatoes or bread can be satisfying without giving you too
many calories.
Exercise9 Look at Sections 1 and 2 again and find the words which mean the same as:
Section 1
1) able to do a job well …….
2) taking out …….
3) very big …….
4) manage successfully …….
5) in the end…….
Section 2
6) receive …….
7) decide …….
8) training and caring for a child …….
9) take small bites…….
10) change……..
Exercise 10 Read and translate the text. Explain the meaning of the words in italics.
WHAT IS A CALORIE?
When we're bombarded with images of gorgeous celebrities who seem to lose weight in
the time it takes us to eat a Danish pastry, it's no wonder we're often tempted to cut our
already low calorie intakes in an effort to shift an extra pound or two each week. We
do know what food is broken down in the body by combining with oxygen. We might
say it is “burned” up like fuel. Now, the way we measure the work a fuel does is by
means of calories.
A “gram calorie” is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram
of water one degree centigrade. The “large calorie” is 1,000 times as great. In
measuring the energy value of food, we usually use large calorie.
Each type of food, as it “burns up”, furnishes a certain number of calories. For
instance, one gram of protein furnishes nine calories. The body doesn’t care which
“fuel” is used for energy, as long as it gets enough of that energy from food to maintain
life.
The amount of calories the body needs depends on the work the body is doing. For
example, a man who weighs 150 pounds needs only 1,680 calories per day if he is in a
state of absolute rest. If he does moderate work such as desk work, he needs 3,360
calories per day. And if he does a heavy work, he may need as much as 6,720 calories a
day to keep the body functioning properly.
Children need more calories than adults, since older people can’t burn the fuel as
quickly. Interestingly enough, we use up more calories in winter than in summer.
Suppose, however, we take in more fuel than we need? The body uses up what it needs
and stores some of it away for future use. The body can store away about one-third of
the amount it needs each day. The rest becomes fat! And that’s why we “watch our
calories”.
But surprisingly, rather than helping us to reach our target weight more quickly,
severely restricting calories actually prevents our bodies from burning unwanted fat
stores effectively - and unfortunately, this means that weight loss slows down. Why
does a very low calorie intake slow down weight loss?
Quite simply, your body goes into 'starvation mode'. This mechanism, which is
thought to have evolved as a defense against starvation, means the body becomes super
efficient at making the most of the calories it does get from food and drink. The main
way it does this is to protect its fat stores and instead use lean tissue or muscle to
provide it with some of the calories it needs to keep functioning. This directly leads to a
loss of muscle, which in turn lowers metabolic rate so that the body needs fewer
calories to keep ticking over and weight loss slows down. Of course, this is the perfect
solution if you're in a famine situation. But if you're trying to lose weight, it's going to
do little to help you shift those unwanted pounds.
As everyone's metabolism varies in the first place, so too will the point when the
body starts to use muscle to provide it with calories in a 'famine-type' situation. That's
why WLR works out suitable calorie intakes for each member on an individual basis
and never lets you opt to lose more than 2lb a week, which would require a severely
restricted calorie intake. In other words, if you stick to the calorie intake recommended
by WLR, you can be sure your body won't go into starvation mode.
As a general rule though, most nutrition experts recommend never going below
1,000-1,200 calories a day if you're dieting on your own. It's also worth bearing in mind
that the body doesn't suddenly 'enter' and 'leave' starvation mode, like crossing the
border from Devon into Cornwall. It's a gradual process - so you don't need to panic if
you do go below your calorie intake very occasionally. What's the link between muscle
and metabolism?
The metabolic rate - the rate at which the body burns calories - is partly determined
by the amount of muscle we have. In general, the more muscle we have, the higher our
metabolic rate; the less muscle we have, the lower our metabolic rate. This explains
why men, who have a high proportion of muscle, have a faster metabolism than women,
and why a 20-year-old has a higher metabolism than a 70-year-old - again, they have
more muscle.
Ultimately, muscle burns a lot more calories than fat so when we lose muscle, our
metabolic rate drops and we burn fewer calories. In fact, research shows that the body
loses a proportionately high amount of muscle with a very low calorie intake and this
may considerably suppress metabolism by up to 45 percent.
This explains why it's crucial to do as much as you can to protect your metabolic
rate, especially when you're dieting. And this means dieting sensibly with a suitable,
rather than a very low calorie intake so that you lose fat rather than muscle.
As well as making sure you have sufficient calories to burn fat rather than muscle,
it's also possible to build muscle, which in turn boosts metabolism. And the way to do
this is, of course, to increase the amount of exercise you do. While aerobic activities
such as jogging, swimming, fast walking and aerobic classes help to tone muscle and
burn fat, strength or resistance training in particular will increase the amount of muscle
you have in your body. And this is good news because for every extra 1lb of muscle you
have, your body uses around an extra 50 calories a day! This means an extra 10lb of
muscle will burn roughly an extra 500 calories a day without you doing anything - and
that's a sufficient amount to lose 1lb in a week.
Your metabolic rate naturally slows down a little when you lose weight, but this isn't
automatically because you've lost muscle. It's because when your body has less weight
to carry around, it needs fewer calories. This means if you weighed 13th to start with
and now weigh 9th, you need fewer calories to maintain your new weight than you did
when you were heavier. Simply put, there's 4th less of you to carry up and down the
stairs, into the bath, around the supermarket and to the bus stop - and because your body
doesn't have to work as hard as it did in the past, it can survive on fewer calories! This
is why you should regularly update your Goals and Results - as your weight drops,
Weight Loss Resources will recalculate how many calories you need to keep losing
weight at your chosen rate.
The idea that yo-yo dieting permanently lowers your metabolism has been relegated
to the archives. However, if you've frequently crash dieted and severely restricted your
calorie intake without exercising, it's likely you'll have less muscle now compared with
the very first time you dieted. As a consequence, it's likely your metabolism will also be
lower so that you need fewer calories to maintain your current weight. This is because
when you follow a very low calorie diet, you lose muscle as well as fat. But when the
weight goes back on, you usually only regain fat. This means, your metabolic rate is
likely to have dropped a little every time you've dieted, making it slightly harder each
time for you to lose weight. The good news is you can increase the amount of muscle
you have by increasing the amount of exercise you do. This in turn will rev up your
metabolism so that you can lose weight one final time on a slightly higher calorie intake
than you've perhaps been used to.
Exercise 11 a) Divide the text into several parts according to the sense. Give the title to
each of them. b) Answer the following questions and retell the text
1 Why does a very low calorie intake slow down weight loss?
2 How many calories should a person have to prevent starvation mode?
3 What's the link between muscle and metabolism?
4 Is there anything else a person can do to stop losing muscle when dieting?
Exercise 12 Answer the following questions. Read the text.
Do you know anything about vegetarians? What are the reasons to become a
vegetarian? Are you a vegetarian?
VEGETARIAN
A vegetarian is someone who avoids eating the flash of animals (meat, poultry, or fish,
including shellfish). Most vegetarians will also not eat eggs or cheese or use cosmetics
or toiletries that may contain animal ingredients or are tested on animals. The word
“vegetarian” coined around 1842, comes not from “vegetable” but from the Latin word
vegetus meaning “whole, fresh, and full of life”.
People are vegetarians for a number of reasons. Some think that it is wrong to keep
and kill animals for use as food and in other products. Others choose to be vegetarians
because they believe that a vegetarian diet is healthier than a diet that includes meat.
Indeed, a vegetarian diet fits in very well with modern medical advice to cut down on
fat, salt, and sugar, and to eat more fibre and fresh vegetables. It is also cheaper than
meat. Some people have chosen to be vegetarian for ecological reasons. They argue that
that the growing of vegetables takes up much less valuable space than the raising of
livestock; moreover, it is easier to provide food for all the people on Earth by growing
vegetables rather than raising vegetable-eating animals.
Reasons for becoming a vegetarian are personal and individual decisions. Some are
ethical and some are for health reasons recommended by dieticians and doctors.
Medical studies have proven that a vegetarian diet is easier to digest, provides a wider
range of nutrients and imposes fewer burdens and impurities on the body. Vegetarians
are less susceptible to all the major diseases that afflict present-day civilization; as a
result they live longer, are healthier and have more productive lives. Vegetarians have
fewer physical complaints, less frequent visits to the doctor, fewer dental problems and
smaller medical bills. Their immune system is much stronger, their bodies are purer,
more refined and skin more beautiful.
So if you have been thinking of becoming a vegetarian, then for inspiration and
advice you should buy a vegetarian cook book, start gradually, and most important, start
enjoying your new healthy and abundant life.
Exercise 13 Work with your partner. Make up dialogues about the advantages and
disadvantages of being a vegetarian.
Exercise 14 Translate from Russian into English.
ВКУС РАДУГИ
Какого цвета твой завтрак, обед, ужин? Здоровое питание должно быть
разноцветным, уверяют диетологи. Древние астрологи считали, что каждому дню
недели соответствует определенная планета, которая имеет свой цвет.
Понедельником управляет Луна (белый), вторником - Марс (красный), средой -
Меркурий (желтый), четвергом - Венера (зеленый), пятницей - Юпитер
(фиолетовый), субботой - Сатурн (черный), воскресеньем - Солнце (оранжевый).
В день, посвященный светилу, нужно вкушать пищу его цвета - и будешь весел и
здоров. Пигментные вещества (отвечающие за окраску овощей и фруктов),
витамины и минералы (которые тоже имеют свой вкус и цвет) на самом деле
оказывают на организм лечебное воздействие. Но главный секрет не в этом!
Просто "цветная диета" - замаскированный вариант раздельного питания! Она
абсолютно не оставляет тебе шанса смешать белые белки с красными кислотами
или желтыми жирами. А бежево-серое вареное или жареное мясо ты не сможешь
сочетать вообще ни с чем, кроме ржаных хлебцев. От жарки тебе тоже придется
отказаться: она меняет цвет продуктов ... Так и похудеешь.
Схема
ПОНЕДЕЛЬНИК БЕЛЫЙ
В белых продуктах (молоко, сметана, картофель, макароны, шампиньоны, птица,
рыба и кальмары), как правило, много углеводов или жиров. Не переборщи!
ВТОРНИК КРАСНЫЙ
Красный цвет (ягоды, свекла, красное вино) усиливает кровообращение и
повышает мышечный тонус в три раза - самый удачный день для похода в
тренажерный зал.
СРЕДА ЖЕЛТЫЙ
Желтый цвет - серотониновый (бананы, ананасы, яичные желтки и т.п.) -
"переключает" мозги с мыслей о еде на интеллектуальные размышления. И
заряжает великолепным настроением!
ЧЕТВЕРГ ЗЕЛЕНЫЙ
Зеленые продукты - источники хлорофилла и магния, необходимых для нервов,
мускулов и гормонального баланса. Если надо успокоиться или настроиться на
романический лад - устрой себе зеленый стол вне зависимости от дня недели.
ПЯТНИЦА ФИОЛЕТОВЫЙ
Все фиолетовые ("венозные") продукты - виноград, ежевика, баклажаны и т.д. -
незаменимые помощники сердечно-сосудистой системы. Отлично, если тебе
удастся сочетать фиолетовую диету с аэробными тренировками.
СУББОТА ЧЕРНЫЙ
Прямо и не знаем, что тебе посоветовать, кроме черной икры и черного риса...
Если не сгущать краски и смириться с коричневым, то можно есть мясо, ржаной
хлеб и гречневую кашу. А можешь вовсе отказаться от мрачных красок и
провести бесцветный день. Только минеральная вода!
ВОСКРЕСЕНЬЕ ОРАНЖЕВЫЙ
Оранжевый цвет повышает аппетит. Но сколько бы ты ни съела, все равно будешь
худеть: в оранжевых продуктах много кислот и клетчатки.
ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ: потери веса - до 3 кг в месяц, повышение иммунитета.
TEST
1 Overweight people have ..... to avoid exercises.
a) an affectation b) a disposition c) an inclination d) a tendency
2 You should take more exercise if you want to keep ..... .
a) fat b)fine c) fit d) fresh
3 The doctor told her that she would be well-advised to ..... some weight.
a) leave b) light c) lose d) sell
4 After her diet, she looked very ..... and healthy.
a) hungry b) skinny c) slim d) thin
5 Very fat men sometimes have a ..... at the back of the neck.
a) double chin b) roll of fat c) spare tyre d) ton of flesh
6 The doctor advised my mother to keep a ..... watch on her weight.
a) near b) severe c) strict d) tight
7 It's important to keep your body in good ..... .
a) contour b) figure c) form d) shape
8 You shouldn't eat so much chocolate ..... meals.
a) between b) else c) except d) through
9 She has put ..... a lot of weight since last year.
a) down b) in c) off d) on
10 She remained depressingly fat ..... all her efforts to slim.
a) against b) although c) contrary d) despite
MODULE 4. HEALTH CARE

The first wealth is health.

Emerson(1803-1882)

There was no influenza in my young days. We called a cold a cold.

A. Bennet (1867-1931)
 Doctors are men who prescribe medicines of which they know little, to cure diseases of which they
know less, in human beings of whom they know nothing.
Voltaire(1699-1778)

Exercise 1 Study this chart and then do the exercise that follows.
NOUN VERB ADJECTIVE
ache be (critically/seriously) ill bruised
bruise break sth cut
disease catch sth depressed
fever die (from sth) fine
illness get better fit
injury go/come down with sth frail
lump have (a disease) healthy
mental illness infect sb hot
nervous breakdown recover (from a disease) hurt
nausea sprain sth ill
pain suffer (from sth) injured
rash be under the weather insane
stomach bug vomit nauseous
spots be bad/good for you sick
temperature be in agony sane
wound be in good shape strong
backache be in a bad way unfit
earache be in poor health unhealthy
headache be out of condition unwell
stomachache have sth wrong with you weak
toothache bandage sth well
bandage cure sb wounded
check-up ease the pain curable
cure examine sb with sth fatal
examination nurse sb harmful
medicine inject sb with sth incurable
ointment operate on sb infectious
operation prescribe sth inoperable
pill plaster sth minor
plaster treat sb for sth painful
symptom vaccinate sb against sth poisonous
treatment X-ray sb/a part of a body slight
recovery sore
surgery swollen
X-ray terminal
clinic
hospital
operating theatre
out-patients
surgery
ward
epidemic
outbreak

Exercise 2 Find the words in the chart above that match these definitions.
1 to use a needle to put medicine into your body
2 a soft substance you rub on your skin as a treatment
3 a room in a hospital you stay in while you are ill
4 a pain in your head
5 a doctor writes on it what medicine a sick person needs
6 many cases of an infectious disease occurring at the same time
7 that causes a person to die
8 an illness of the mind
9 to make someone who is ill well again
10 thin and weak because you are old or very ill
Exercise 3 Fill the gap with an appropriate word from the list. Use the chart above to
help you. You need to use some words twice.

FOR AGAINST FROM ON OUT WITH IN

1 Children should be vaccinated ................ measles and rubella.

2 Paul won't be in work today - he's gone down ................ flu.
3 Pollution in cities is causing more and more children to be treated ................ asthma.
4 You're so ................ of condition! Don't you think swimming every morning will help?
5 Too many people die ................ lung cancer due to smoking.
6 If you have a fever, there is definitely something wrong ................ you.
7 I spent the weekend in a health farm and feel ................ really good shape now.
8 She's still recovering ................ the stomach bug she picked up on holiday.
9 It's best that we operate ................ you and remove the lump from your breast.
10 I've injected your mother ................ a painkiller so that she can sleep.

Exercise 4 Fill in each blank with an appropriate word from the list.
lie down agony hurt fainted die aching symptoms painless suffered had

1 I'm feeling ill - I think I'd better go and………… .

2 I felt so dizzy that I nearly ................ .
3 I had to have an internal examination but it was quite ................ .
4 They gave me an injection and it really ................ .
5 The ................ are a high temperature and a rash.
6 He ................ a heart attack and had to be rushed to hospital.
7 The doctor prescribed some drops for my earache but it's still................ .
8 I fell down the stairs and I was in ................ waiting for the ambulance to arrive.
9 He ................ from an incurable illness for many years.
10 I hope I................ in my bed of old age.
Exercise 5 Match the first part (1-10) with the second part (a-j) of these sentences.

1) If you've got a bad headache, a) with flu.

2) You have a heart problem and b) incurable.

3) He sprained his ankle and c) lost weight.

4) She went out in the pouring rain d) was in great pain for days.

and caught e) need an operation.

5) She's not at work because she's gone f) he had measles.

down g) a cold.

6) He works out in the gym because h) he wants to feel fit.

7) She went on a diet and i) take an aspirin.

8) He had spots all over his face because j) my legs felt really sore.

9 After aerobics last week

10) Not all cancers are

Exercise 6 Complete the second sentence using the word given, so that it has a
similar meaning to the first sentence.
1 I had to have a tooth extracted last week.
out
I had my …….
2 Has he recovered from his illness yet?
over
Has…….
3 He took care of you while you were ill.
after
He …….
4 You've gained a lot of weight since I last saw you!
on
You've …….
5 The drugs aren't having any effect now.
off
The effect…….few minutes.
6 After fainting he regained consciousness after a few minutes.
round
Having …….
7 He caught flu and had to have time off work.
down
He…….
8 She has had a lovely baby girl and is feeling fine.
birth
She has …….
9 Since her heart attack, my mother has not been at all well.
poor
Ever …….
10 Michelle often has terrible headaches.
from
Michelle …….
Exercise 7 Match the words from the left column with their definitions from the right.
1 prescription a) to look at sth or sb carefully;
2 recipe b) painful and uncomfortable , usually as a result of an injury,
infection or too much exercise;
3 operation c) the process of cutting into sb’s body for medical reasons;
4 surgery d) a bad feeling in part of your body when you are hurt or become
 ill;
5 sore e) to feel pain somewhere in your body;
6 hurt f) a piece of paper that a doctor gives you that says what type of
medicine you need;
7 pain g) a particular disease, or a period of being ill;
8 illness h) to try to find out all the facts about sth in order to learn the
truth about it;
9 disease i) an illness that affects people, animals or plants;
10 injured j)a set of instructions for cooking or preparing a particular food;
11 therapy k) medical treatment in which a doctor cuts open sb’s body;
12 cure l) hurt in an accident or attack;
13 remedy m) a form of treatment for an illness or medical condition;
14 examine n) harmed physically;
15 investigate o) a medicine or treatment that makes someone who is ill become
healthy;
16 damaged p) a cure for pain or for a minor illness;

Exercise 8 Complete using the correct form of the words in the box.
prescription remedy examine operation pain
recipe cure investigate surgery sore
therapy hurt

1 My doctor said I have to stay in bed and gave me a …….for some medicine.
2 You must give me the……. for that wonderful chocolate cake you made!
3 Many rock stars seem to end up in drug……. .
4 Do you think a……. for cancer will ever be found?
5 My grandma uses an old-fashioned……. for her arthritis.
6 I lifted my shirt so the doctor could……. my chest.
7 Police have begun to……. the break-in at the hospital.
8 My mum's thinking of having an ……. to have her nose straightened.
9 Dr Key told the old man that he needed……. on his leg.
10 My arm is really……. and I can't move it.
11 Mind you don't……. yourself! Oh, too late. Sorry.
12 I had a really bad……. in my foot so I decided to see a doctor.
Exercise 9 Match the words from the left column with their definitions from the right.
1 thin a) a place where people go to receive a particular type of medical
treatment or advice;
2 slim b) healthy, strong and able to do physical exercise;
3 effect c) a particular amount of a drug or medicine that has been measured
so that you can take it;
4 result d) thin in an attractive way;
5 healthy e) chemicals and other substances that have a harmful effect on air,
water or land;
6 fit f) a medical condition in which the temperature of your body is
very high;
7 infection g) sb who is … has very little fat on his body;
8 pollution h) a long thin piece of cloth that you wrap around an injured part of
your body;
9 plaster i) an area of small red spots on your skin that is caused by an illness
or a reaction to sth
10 bandage j) physically strong and not ill;
11 ward k) an amount of drug that someone feels that they need to take
regularly;
12 clinic l) a change that is produced in one person or thing by another;
13 dose m) a thin piece of cloth or plastic that sticks to your skin to cover a
 cut;
14 fix n) a large room in a hospital with beds for people to stay in;
15 fever o) the process of becoming infected with a disease;
16 rash p) something that is caused directly by sth else;

Exercise 10 Choose the correct word.

1 Tim looks really pale and thin /slim. I'm worried he might be ill.
2 It's important to eat a fit / healthy diet with lots of vegetables.
3 After picking the flowers, I noticed I had a fever / rash all over my hands.
4 When I broke a rib, I had to wear a bandage / plaster around my chest.
5 Make sure you wash your cut properly so that you don't get a/an infection / pollution.
6 Half an hour after taking the pill, I began to feel the results / effects.
7 The doctor walked along the ward / clinic, chatting to all the patients she passed.
8 Two people have been slightly injured / damaged in an accident on the M1.
9 It's good for children to get minor diseases / illnesses, such as colds.
10 The medicine bottle said the recommended dose / fix was two teaspoons twice a day.
Exercise 11 Complete each second sentence using the word given, so that it has a
similar meaning to the first sentence. Write between two and five words in each gap.
1 Dan couldn't work because he caught the flu.
down
Dan……., which meant he couldn't work.
2 If you smoke, then stopping can really improve your health.
up
If you ……., you'll really improve your health.
3 We asked the vet to kill the dog to stop her suffering any longer.
put
We asked the vet ……. to stop her suffering any longer.
4 I don't really have enough energy to play tennis.
up
I don't really ……. tennis.
5 Is it true that getting wet can cause a cold?
on
Is it true that getting wet can ….... a cold?
6 The flu epidemic started suddenly in June and lots of people got ill.
out
Lots of people got ill when the flu epidemic ……. in June.
Exercise 12 Match the following phrasal verbs with their meanings.
1 break out a) start to suffer from a minor illness
2 bring on b) stop being effective (for a drug, etc)
3 come down with c) survive ( a serious illness, etc)
4 come round/to d) stop doing sth you do regularly
5 cut down (on) e) do less of (smoking, etc); reduce an amount of
6 feel up to f) kill (a sick/old animal)
7 get over g) gain (weight)
8 give up h) become conscious
9 look after i) start suddenly (for a war, fire, etc)
10 pass out j) cause (an illness, etc)
11 pull through k) suddenly become unconscious
12 put down l) take care of
13 put on m) feel well enough to do
14 wear off n) recover from (an illness, etc)
Exercise 13 Write a phrasal verb in the correct form to replace the words in bold.
1 Gill slowly……. after the operation. (became conscious)
2 My dad is trying to ……. on smoking. (do less)
3 I think the medicine is beginning to ..…... . (stop being effective)
4 Bill decided that he needed to go on a diet after……. weight. (gaining)
5 It was so hot in the stadium that a number of people……. .
(became unconscious)
6 I finally……. the cold that I had had all week. (recover from)
7 We thought we were going to lose our horse when he got ill, but he managed to
……. . (survive)
8 My dentist told me to ……. my teeth. (take care of)
Exercise 14 Match to make sentences.
1 It is said that people who eat poorly A on with lasers these days?
are likely …
2 Did you know that you can have B going to the gym more often?
eyes operated …
3 I’m getting really tired of … C losing a bit of weight.
4 Why don’t you try … D telling my dad to give up smoking.
5 It really is worth … E to have health problems later in life.

Exercise 15 Complete the sentences by changing the form of the word in capitals when
it is necessary.
1 Most people seem to be ……. of the harmful effects of their diet. (AWARE)
2 I'm……. to peanuts, so I have to be very careful what I eat. (ALLERGY)
3 Jade's……. turned out to be much more serious than anyone imagined. (ILL)
4 Did you know Australia has the highest number of……. species of snake?
(POISON)
5 After a couple of weeks, the plaster cast on my leg became really……. and I
couldn't wait to take it off. (COMFORT)
6 I was really impressed by the……. levels of all the athletes. (FIT)
7 Luckily, Ted's……. weren't serious. (INJURE)
8 Working out can really……. your muscles. (STRONG)
Exercise 16 Use the word given in capitals to form a word that fits in the gap in the
same line.
THE NO-SURGERY SOLUTION!
These days, it seems there’s an (1)OPERATE……. for everything. Whether you want
something made smaller or you want to (2)EMPHASIS……. your best features, you
can bet that plastic (3)SURGRY ……. claim to have the solution. We at Body Sculpt
know, though, that you don’t want the (4) COMFORT……. associated with surgery.
But you can’t the (5)BENEFIT ……. Effects without going under the knife, can you?
Yes! No need for (6)SURGERY……. Procedures with a long (7)RECOVER…….
period! Our unique service consists of a series of (8) INJECT……. that will give you
the results you’ve always wanted! Call now and speak to one of our (9)OPERATE…….
.
Exercise 17 Complete the second sentence using the word given, so that it has a similar
meaning to the first sentence. Write between two and five words in each gap.
1 Thankfully, Adrian doesn't need to have an operation.
no
Thankfully, there....................................................................................... to have an
operation.
2 The minister had to resign because of ill health.
led
Ill health....................................................................................... resignation.
3 You won't benefit from seeing the doctor if you've just got a cold.
worth
It....................................................................................... the doctor if you've just got a
cold.
4 I'm seeing the nutritionist at three tomorrow.
appointment
I've ..................................................................................... the nutritionist at three
tomorrow.
5 I don't want to be a vegan any more!
tired
I....................................................................................... a vegan!
6 Your arm probably won't heal before the match on Saturday.
unlikely
You arm ....................................................................................... heal before the match
on Saturday.
7 I wish I could do a hundred press-ups in one go.
able
I'd love ....................................................................................... a hundred press-ups in
one go.
8 Do you think I should reduce the amount of chocolate I eat?
on
Do you think I should ............................................................................... chocolate?
Exercise 18 Write a phrasal verb in the correct form to replace the words in bold.
1 Dan's……. flu, so he can't come to work today. (started to suffer from)
2 It took Shirley a long time to……. the death of her hamster. (recover from)
3 Many people feel sick when they……. after a general anaesthetic. (regain
consciousness)
4 It was so hot and stuffy, I nearly …….. . (suddenly lost consciousness)
5 Fern's……. a lot of weight recently. (gained)
6 Disease is more likely to …….. in areas of extreme poverty. (suddenly start)
7 I don’t know what’s been ……. my terrible headaches. (causing)
8 My grandfather’s decided to ……. red meat completely. (stop eating)
Exercise19 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
sentence. Use the word given in the right column and other words including a modal
verb to complete each sentence. Don’t change the word given.

1 I wish I’d looked after my teeth better when I was a child. regularly
I should have cleaned my teeth regularly when I was a child.
2 Surely he doesn’t need an injection before he travels to possibly
America.
He ………………………….going to America.
3 You aren’t supposed to take aspirins if there’s nothing wrong perfectly
with you.
You ………………………...all right.
4 Is it absolutely necessary for me to take more exercise? really
Do …………………………..take more exercise?
5 Could you tell me how long I must sit in the waiting room? wait
I wonder how long I’ll ……………………?
6 The nurse wouldn’t let him get out of bed. stay
He…………………………………in bed.
7 It was silly of you to go to the doctor because you were with
coughing.
You ………………………….. a cough.
8 I’m sure that the doctor wasn’t able to give you anything to cured
make your cough better.
The doctor ………………………your cough.
Exercise 20 Read the text. Make dialogues on one of the following topics:
1 The reasons of using steroids.
2 The consequences of using steroids.
3 Using steroids: advantages and disadvantages.
 STEROIDS
Some people push drugs called steroids, saying they can make you fitter, stronger and
faster. Taking steroids is very dangerous and can lead to heart failure and damage to
other vital organs, causing premature death. Steroids can have a big effect on mood
(some people get very angry), and can cause bad acne! Many steroids are actually
designed for farm animals and racehorses, not people! It is not worth risking your life
for slightly bigger muscles or getting that bit faster. Say NO if you are offered steroids!
Exercise 21 Read and translate the text.
IMMUNISATION
Immunisation is one of those health areas that teenagers might like to forget
about. Maybe you thought it was all over and done with by the time you hit secondary
school. Wrong! There are some immunisations that are recommended for all teenagers
and some others that may be important if you plan to travel.
Immunisation is a simple, safe and effective way of protecting yourself against
some diseases which can cause serious illnesses and sometimes death. Also, if you are
protected, you will not be able to pass the infection on to other people, especially very
young babies who are not yet fully immunised.
There are several immunisations that are recommended for people in Year 8.
What you need depends on what you have already had, and where you live. Check with
your doctor or local community health service.
If you have not been already immunised against hepatitis B, it is recommended
that all young people be immunised between 10 and 13 years of age. Three injections
are needed, the second about 1 month after the first, and the third about 5 months after
the second. If, for some reason, you don’t get the second or third dose on time, get it as
soon as you can. It will still work well.
You will have had several DTP immunisations already, but you need an extra
(booster) injection in Year 8. If you have not had a chicken pox vaccination or had the
illness, then it is recommended that you have the vaccine in Year 8. It is recommended
that you have a meningococcal immunisation if you are less than 19 years old, and have
not yet had one. Every year there is an outbreak of influenza during winter. Influenza is
a serious illness and can lead to a person being unwell and away from school or work
for a week or more. You might consider immunisation if being ill would be a problem
for you (in Year 12 for example). It is safe and effective.
Check with your parents to make sure that you have been immunised against
measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) and polio. If not, you can be immunised against these
at any age. It is never too late to start immunisation.Young children are immunised
against Hib (Haemophilus influenza type B), but teenagers do not need to be immunised
against Hib, even if they did not get this immunisation as a baby.
Exercise 22 Answer the following questions using the text above:
1Why are people immunised?
2 When do you need to be immunised against Hepatitis B?
3 When do you need to be immunised against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis
(whooping cough)?
4 When do you need to be immunised against chicken pox?
5 What other immunisations do you know?
6 Have you had other immunisations?
Exercise 23 LISTENING. You’ll hear two people speaking about health and medical
care. One of them is Vivien and the other is Thomas. Listen to them carefully and do the
following exercises.
At first listen to Vivien speaking about healthy nutrition and health service in different
countries. Before you listen, read through the notes below and try to predict what kind
of information is missing. As you listen, fill in the missing information for questions 1-
10. You will hear the recording twice. Use the second listening to check your answers.
Hungarian food is cooked mostly in (1)… .
It is very healthy to cut down on (2) … .
The most healthy kind of fats is (3) … .
In England they have breakfast cereals full of (4) … .
Fibre can be found in (5) … .
Vitamin A can be found in (6) … .
Vivien tries to take Vitamins (7) … .
Rhubarb is useful as it (8) … .
Dr. Divon prescribed Vivien (9) ... .
… and … (10) become more popular in Hungary.
Answer whether the following statements are true or false.
1 They advertise sunflower oil because it is really useful.
2 The Greeks suffer less from heart diseases because they don’t smoke.
3 Once Vivien was strictly vegetarian.
4 Vivien likes beer very much.
5 Vivien gave up smoking after a course of therapy.
6 Vivien swims after work because she hates getting up in the morning.
7 Her mother seemed to be a secret Greek.
8 She knows perfectly the system of medical care in England.
9 Vivien has been to Hungary several times.
10 The doctor comes out to visit the father regularly for some extra money.
11 Stress influences our health greatly.
Exercise 24 LISTENING. Now listen to Thomas speaking about problems of modern
society and complementary medicine. Fill in the missing information for questions 1-10.
1 There is a lot of packet food in … .
2 Nowadays many vegetables are grown with the help of … .
3 Thomas … in order to stay fit.
4 He tries to practice meditation … .
5 He is not satisfied with his level of … .
6 During some period, he drank copious quantities … .
7 The only kind of alcohol he drinks is … .
8 Last time he went to see his doctor, he was immunised against … .
9 He is a strong believer in … .
Listen to the tape for the second time and answer the following questions.
1 What does Thomas regard as the main cause of poor health today?
2 What kinds of food contribute to a deterioration of one’s health?
3 What movement is there in England, France and Germany?
4 Why do people buy water in bottles instead of tap water?
5 Why does he consider yoga and meditation very useful?
6 What drink did he cut out completely?
7 What is the harmful effect of smoking and drinking?
8 Why is he a bit paranoid about immunisation?
9 What does holistic medicine include?
10 What is Reiki?
11 Do people he treated believe in Reiki?
12 What is the double benefit of Reiki?
Exercise 25 You have heard two different opinions concerning healthy way of life. Try
to compare them and find differences and common features according to the following
points:
DIFFERENCES COMMON FEATURES
1 Nutrition
2 Sport activities
3 Alcohol
4 Smoking
5 Health care
system
6 Complementary
medicine
7 Stress
Exercise 26 LISTENING. You will hear some information about aromatherapy. For
questions 1-10 complete the notes on what the speaker says. You will need to write a
word or short phrase in each box.
1 Essential oils come from ____________________________________________
2 The ancient Egyptians used oils as ____________________________________
3 It takes thirty rose heads to get one____________________________________
4 Although the oils are expensive, they___________________________________
5 People first noticed effects of aromas when they__________________________
6 The main problem aromatherapy can help with is_________________________
7 Lavender and tea tree are the only oils you can use directly_________________
8 When using oils in a bath, the water mustn’t be___________________________
9 Lavender oil is useful for treating _____________________________________
10 People can usually get advice on oils from their_________________________
Exercise 27 What do you think about
complementary medicine?
Have you ever tried it? Read the text and get ready to
discuss different types of complementary medicine.

Alternative Medicine, also called unconventional medicine consists of therapeutic

practices, techniques, and beliefs that are outside the realm of mainstream Western
health care. Alternative medicine emphasizes therapies that improve quality of life,
prevent disease, and address conditions that conventional medicine has limited success
in curing, such as chronic back pain and certain cancers. Proponents of alternative
medicine believe that these approaches to healing are safer and more natural and have
been shown through experience to work. In certain countries, alternative medical
practices are the most widely used methods of health care. However, many practitioners
of modern conventional medicine believe these practices are unorthodox and unproven.
Acupuncture, a Chinese traditional medicine dating from 3000 to 2000 BC, involves
stimulating specific points in the body for therapeutic purposes. Puncturing the skin
with a needle is the usual method of application, but acupuncturists may also use heat,
pressure, friction, suction, or impulses of electromagnetic energy to stimulate
acupuncture points. Stimulated acupuncture points alter the chemical neurotransmitters
released and the therapeutic effects result from the associated changes in the chemical
balance of the body. Acupuncture is used for many ailments, including chronic pain,
drug addiction, arthritis, chemotherapy-induced nausea, and mental illness.
In the past 40 years acupuncture has become a well-known and widely available
treatment in both developed and developing countries. More than 50 schools of
acupuncture in the United States are accredited or candidates for accreditation by the
National Accreditation Commission for Schools and Colleges of Acupuncture and
Oriental Medicine. Many conventionally trained physicians take courses in acupuncture
and incorporate it into their practices. Licensure or registration in acupuncture is
available in 35 states plus the District of Columbia. It is estimated that some 12 million
health-care visits per year are for acupuncture.
Acupuncture is one of the most thoroughly researched and documented alternative
medical practices. In 1998 an NIH panel reviewed scientific studies of acupuncture and
concluded that the technique is effective at relieving nausea and vomiting caused by
chemotherapy and surgical anesthesia. Good evidence suggests that it also relieves
nausea during pregnancy and pain after dental surgery. Controlled studies have also
demonstrated some positive effects of acupuncture on a variety of other conditions, but
so far the statistical results have not been conclusive.

Exercise 28 LISTENING. For questions 1-8 tick the correct answers.

1 The course goes on for
A) one day. B) two days. C) one week. D) several weeks.
2 On the subject of bandages, the speaker tells his students that they
A) should practise putting them on at home.
B) must read about them in first aid books.
C) don’t need to be able to use them at all.
D) can do an extra course to learn about them.
3 He realised that the situation in the restaurant was serious because
A the man was lying across the table. C the man's face had changed colour.
B the man had fallen off his chair. D the man hadn't eaten his food.
4 Which picture shows the position he put the man in?

A B C D
5 He shouted at the waiter because
A) the waiter didn't believe it was an emergency.
B) the waiter was too far away to hear.
C) he thought the waiter might be too frightened to act.
D) he was angry with the waiter for walking away.
6 The man's problem was that
A) something had stuck in his throat.
B) the food he had eaten had made him ill.
C) he had had a heart attack.
D) he had fainted.
7 The ambulance
A) was cancelled.
B) came but wasn't needed.
C) took the man home.
D) took the man to hospital.
8 Which is true? In First Aid
A) you must always act very quickly.
B) you must realise when there's an emergency.
C) you must stop and consider before you act.
D) you must always call an ambulance.
TEST
1 If someone is seriously ill, hey may need to go to hospital to have a(n)… .
a)operation b)plaster c)filling d)drug
2 If you want antibiotics, you will have to ask the doctor for a … .
a)medicine b)note d)prescription e)receipt
3 She was in terrible pain so the nurse gave her a(n)… .
a)injection b)scratch c)stab d)vaccine
4 If you’ve got measles, your skin is covered in … .
a)blots b)dots c)freckles d)spots
5 He didn’t feel like going to the party because he had a terrible … .
a)disease b)headache c)homesickness d) infection
6 Her mother sent her to bed because she had quite a high … .
a)cough b)fever c)temperature d) blood pressure
7 Being … an injection wasn't as painful as I thought it was going to be.
a)given b)done c)made d)taken
8 My grandfather's over 95 and is … pretty poor health these days.
a)on b)to c)with d)in
9 I was told to ............ the medicine three times a day, before meals.
a)take b)eat c)get d)do
10 The doctor............ the cut on my knee and said it had been completely healed up.
a)investigated b)examined c)researched d)looked into

MODULE 5. GIVING UP BAD HABITS

To cease smoking is the easiest thing I ever did. I ought to know because I've done it a thousand times.
 Attributed to Mark Twain  (1835 - 1910)
U.S. writer and humorist.

When I was young, I kissed my first woman, and smoked my first cigarette on the same day. Believe
me, never since have I wasted any more time on tobacco.
Attributed to Arturo Toscanini (1867 - 1957)
Italian conductor.

First you take a drink, then the drink takes a drink, then the drink takes you.
Attributed to F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896 - 1940)
U.S. writer, 1964.

Exercise 1 Find the English equivalents of the following words and word combinations.
1) курительная комната; 2) пачка сигарет; 3) детоксикация; 4) воздерживаться от
приема алкоголя; 5) чистый спирт; 6) безалкогольные напитки; 7) опиум; 8)зажечь
сигарету; 9) алкогольное отравление; 10) выпить до дна; 11) вытрезвитель; 12)
наркоман; 13) напиться до невменяемости; 14) портсигар; 15) сигарета с
фильтром; 16) амфетамин; 17) анальгетик; 18) упаковка сигарет; 19) этиловый
спирт; 20) производить алкоголь.
Exercise 2 Translate the following words and name as many synonyms as you know.
1) запой; 2) напиться; 3) погасить сигарету; 4) продавать наркотики; 5) наркотики.
Exercise 3 Choose the correct word.
(drunk –drunken – drunkard)
1) Judging by the way he behaves the man is a regular … . 2) He behaved so merely
because he was … . 3) The children tried to hide from their … father but in vain.
Exercise 4 Read and translate the following idioms. Try to explain their meaning.
1) to drink sb under the table; 2) to drink like a fish; 3) drunk out of one’s mind/senses;
4) to drink oneself to death; 5) to drink oneself to oblivion.
Exercise 5 Do the matching and learn the verbs.
1 to drink away a) выпить залпом(большое количество жидкости);
 2 to drink in b) пить за чье-то здоровье, успехи;
3 to drink to c) допить;
4 to drink up d) тратить время деньги на пьянство, заливать(горе) водкой;
5 to drink off e) внимательно слушать или смотреть, жадно впитывать
(слова, идеи);

Exercise 6 Fill in the blanks with the correct preposition.

1 The students sat round the teacher, drinking … his words of wisdom.
2 Tom drank the whole of his father’s fortune … .
3 I drink … the future; may it bring us all happiness.
4 Drink …, then I’ll refill your glass.
5 Let us drink … the happy couple!
6 Drink your medicine … , it’s good for you.
7 Peter drank … a whole litre of beer all at once.
8 They stood drinking … the beauty of the landscape.
9 Come on, drink … . It’s time to go.
10 Let’s drink … to the success of your plans!
Exercise 7 Fill in the blanks with the proper words.
THE DRUG PROBLEM
Many people today are worried…drugs. It seems that more and more people are
becoming addicted… substances, such as heroine and cocaine, that damage their health.
But what leads … people becoming addicts? What makes someone inject a drug …
their veins? Is it because of their inability to cope…problems in their everyday lives?
One thing is for sure. When we complain… the problems caused by hard drugs, we
need…remember that people suffer…all kinds of health problems caused by legal
drugs, such as alcohol and tobacco. We would all benefit…more education and the
government should attempt…make sure we all know the risks involved.
Exercise 8 Use the word given at the end of each line to form a word that fits the gap in
the same line.
A BREATH OF FRESH AIR
The Government has decided to take the (1) .............. POPULAR
decision to ban smoking
in a lot of public places. Though a lot of people find
smoking (2) .............. , PLEASE
and though experts all agree it is(3) .............. and that it HEALTH
costs the state a lot
to treat victims of smoking,
it is also (4) .............. that many people get pleasure from DENY
the habit and find
smoking (5) .............. when they are in company. RESIST
However, it is now (6) .............. to deny the antisocial POSSIBLE
nature of the habit.
As advertising has proved (7) .............. with many smokers, EFFECT
the Government has now made smoking (8) .............. in LEGAL
most public places.
Smokers who are (9) .............. to stop smoking will be ABILITY
obliged enjoy their
pastime in private and may feel the new measures are
(10) ............... but for JUSTICE
passive smokers for whom a room full of smoke is
(11) .............. they BEAR
will come as a breath of fresh air.

Exercise 9 Insert the proper words.

HISTORY OF TOBACCO SMOKING
 Tobacco has been … for thousands of years. Tobacco smoking with pipes and cigars
was common to many Native American cultures prior … the arrival of European
explorers. The practice is depicted in early Mayan art dating … around 1,500 years ago.
The Maya were also known to use tobacco as an all-purpose medicinal antidote, and the
crop was widely believed to … magical powers as its usage has been documented in
ancient ceremonial sacrifices and divinations as … as in talismans.
During World War I, it was typical for tobacco products to be included … military
rations. Following the war, cigarette … was advertised as part of a glamorous, carefree
lifestyle, and became socially acceptable for women. In the 1930s, medical and military
leaders grew concerned … the possibility that tobacco might be hazardous to human …
and their scientists were the first to confirm this link. In the United States, biologist
Raymond Pearl demonstrated the negative health … of tobacco smoking as early as
1938. In the 1950s and 1960s, the medical community along with various governmental
bodies, and Reader's Digest magazine, began a campaign to … the degree of smoking
… showing how it damaged public health. Although tobacco smoking in many regions
of the world has dropped dramatically in … years, worldwide tobacco production is still
growing. Smoking rates continue to …. relatively high in some Asian countries.
Exercise 10 Read the newspaper article.
WHEN A DRINK WITH DAD TURNS KIDS INTO DRUNKS
Another morning, another hangover. Sarah Watson does not enjoy the experience. 'It's
not very nice being drunk," she says. "You get full of yourself and then you get a
headache."
But Sarah is not an adult recovering from a heavy night in the pub. She is 12 and one of
a growing number of young children who know the taste - and the effects - of alcohol.
Sarah is one of the lucky ones. She says her experience is relatively limited. But by the
time they reach 14, most children have tried alcoholic drinks, according to a nationwide
survey on young people and drinking.
Seventy-three per cent of 13- to 14-year-old children interviewed said they had had an
alcoholic drink. As many as 55% of 10- to 12-year-olds said they had tried alcohol, and
45% of seven to nine-year-olds.
Experimentation with alcohol begins at an early age, typically in the form of a glass of
wine shared with parents.
Drinkline, the national helpline for people with drink problems, said the dangers of
alcohol were being overlooked because of concerns about drugs.
Sarah Watson said: "Many people act as though cigarettes can do more damage, and
they take time to talk about drugs, but never about alcohol. When adults do talk about it,
they just say it's really bad, and that's the end of the conversation."
"I could live without alcohol." said Sharon O'Dea, 15. "But if you go to a party, it is
better than taking drugs."
More English teenagers drink alcohol than their contemporaries in France and Spain,
according to a report last month.
Exercise 11 Match the words from the left column with their definitions from the right.
1 drunks a) “heavy drinking”=drinking a lot
2 hangover b) all alcoholic drinks (eg. beer, wine, vodka)
3 full of yourself c) a telephone number for people with problems
4 recovering d) missed, not noticed
5 heavy e)people of the same age
6 alcohol f) people who get drunk often
7 helpline g) getting better after an illness
8 overlooked h) people of the same age
9 concerns i) worries, important considerations
10 j) headache and tiredness a few hours after drinking too much
contemporaries

Exercise 12 Are these sentences true (T) or false (F).

 a) Sarah Watson doesn’t like drink, but she likes its effects.
b) 26% of children aged 14 have never tried alcohol.
c) Almost 50% of nine-year-olds have had an alcoholic drink.
d) Young children usually get their first drink from their brothers or sisters.
e) According to Drinkline, everybody is now talking about alcohol problems.
f) Sharon thinks that drugs are worse than alcohol.

Exercise 13 Look at this chart. Do you have similar age limits in your country? Do you think the
British limits are reasonable? Why/why not? Do a smoking/drinking survey of the students in your
group. Analyse the results.

LEGAL AGE LIMITS IN BRITAIN

5 drink alcohol at home;
16 drink soft drinks in pubs; drink alcohol with food in restaurants;
18 buy alcohol; drink alcohol in pubs;
no smoke cigarettes
limit

Exercise 14 Drinking alcohol is an accepted social practice in most world countries.

But in Libya, Saudi Arabia and other Islamic countries, alcohol is illegal. (It was illegal
in the USA from 1920 to 1933 – the Prohibition era.) Make a list of positive and
negative points about alcohol.
Exercise 15 You work for an advertising agency, and you have to create a campaign
against Drinking and Driving (driving a car after you have drunk alcohol). In groups,
prepare a poster - with a picture and a slogan. Compare your work with other groups
and vote for the best campaign.
Exercise 16 Some people say that it would be better to legalise all drugs. In that case,
you could buy drugs from shops. What would be the advantages and disadvantages of
such a change?
Exercise 17 A friend of yours has a problem with alcohol or drugs. Write a letter to the
problem page of a magazine, asking for advice. Start like this:
Dear _______ ,
I’m really worried about my friend Tony (that’s not his real name)…
Exercise 18 Translate from Russian into English.
КАК БРОСИТЬ КУРИТЬ
Все люди разные и не существует универсального рецепта «КАК БРОСИТЬ
КУРИТЬ». Тем не менее, человечество накопило солидный опыт борьбы с
табаком. Что-нибудь из описанного ниже Вам обязательно поможет.
1. Поверьте в себя. Вспомните самые сложные вещи, которые вы делали и
осознайте, что у вас есть сила воли и решимость бросить курить. Все зависит от
Вас.
2. После того как Вы прочтете этот список, сядьте и напишите свой,
переработанный в соответствии с Вашими чертами характера и особенностями.
Изложите на бумаге причины, по которым Вы хотите бросить курить
(преимущества жизни без курения): жить дольше, чувствовать себя лучше, для
своей семьи, сберечь деньги, пахнуть лучше, легче найти пару, и т.д. Запишите
все на бумаге и читайте ежедневно.
3. Попросите свою семью и друзей поддержать Вас в Вашем решении бросить
курить. Попросите их о полной поддержке и терпимости.
4. Назначьте дату окончания курения. Решите, в какой день Вы расстанетесь с
сигаретами навсегда. Вы даже можете провести небольшую церемонию по поводу
вашей последней сигареты или утра дня отказа от курения.
5. Начните делать зарядку. Спорт просто несовместим с курением.
6. Делайте глубокие дыхательные упражнения каждый день по 3-5 минут. Очень
медленно вдохните через нос, задержите дыхание на несколько секунд, очень
медленно выдохните через рот. Попробуйте делать дыхательные упражнения с
закрытыми глазами.
Отчетливо представьте себе, как Вы перестанете быть курильщиком. Во время
дыхательных упражнений Вы можете закрыть глаза и вообразить себя
некурящим. Увидьте, как Вы выбрасываете все свои сигареты прочь и получаете
за это золотую медаль. «Визуализация» сработает.
7. Уменьшайте количество сигарет постепенно (если Вы уменьшаете количество
сигарет, обязательно назначьте день ОКОНЧАТЕЛЬНОГО отказа от курения).
8. Попробуйте «завязать» - бросить курить раз и навсегда. Многие курильщики
проверили на себе, что единственный способ расстаться с сигаретами - бросить
резко и полностью, без попыток уменьшить количество выкуриваемых сигарет.
9. Найдите себе партнера - другого курильщика, который также хочет бросить
курить. Подбадривайте и помогайте друг другу, обращайтесь к другу, когда
почувствуете, что не выдерживаете.
10. Тщательно чистите зубы. Обращайте внимание на то, как быстро улучшается
их состояние и как они белеют. Представьте себе и получите удовольствие от
мысли о том, как они будут выглядеть через месяц, три или год.
11. После того как Вы бросили курить, запланируйте отметить круглые даты на
Вашем пути от курящего к некурящему. Через 2 недели - сходите в кино. Чрез
месяц - сходите в хороший ресторан или в кафе (обязательно сядьте в секции для
некурящих!). Через год устройте себе вечеринку.
12. Пейте много воды. Вода хороша в любом случае и большинство людей не
пьют ее в достаточном количестве.
13. Осознайте, в какое время у Вас появляется желание курить, например: во
время стресса, после еды и т.д. Постарайтесь избегать этих ситуаций, а если это
невозможно - найдите другие модели поведения в эти моменты.
14. Найдите что-нибудь, что можно держать в руке и во рту, что бы заменить этим
сигареты.
15. Носите с собой фотографию своей семьи или того, кто Вам дорог. Напишите
на листе бумаги: «Я бросаю для себя и для тебя (вас)» и прикрепите его к
фотографии. Когда у Вас появится желание курить, посмотрите на фотографию и
прочтите надпись.
Бросить курить не просто, но НЕ невозможно. Миллионы людей уже сделали это.
Получится и у Вас! Желаем успехов!
Exercise 19 Read and translate the text.
ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AND HEALTH
The relationship between alcohol consumption and health has been the subject of
formal scientific research since at least 1926, when Dr. Raymond Pearl published his
book, Alcohol and Longevity, in which he reported his finding that drinking alcohol in
moderation was associated with greater longevity than either abstaining or drinking
heavily. Subsequently, various studies have examined the health effects of different
degrees of alcoholic beverage consumption. While it is widely recognized that
alcoholism has negative health effects, moderate consumption, frequently defined as the
consumption of 1-4 alcoholic drinks in a day (depending on the age and gender of the
subjects) has been found in some research to have a positive effect on longevity.
However, research suggests that benefits of moderate alcohol consumption may not be
large enough or certain enough to recommend to those who do not already drink, even if
not contraindicated. There is a concern that doing so might lead to symptoms of
alcoholism in those who previously did not imbibe or that those who drink heavily
would interpret the advice as support for heavy drinking. Dr. Tim Naimi and others at
the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) speaks widely concerning
the supposed benefits of moderate alcohol intake, pointing out that the research designs
that have led to such conclusions are not generally indicative of a cause and effect.
According to statistics 20% of the youth at the age of 12-17 during the last month
used alcohol and more than 10% of them got drunken (it means use of five or more
portions of alcohol drinks of 30 mm stronghold 40 and higher for one time).
In order to attract attention to this problem the scientists had investigation of young
rats. It found out that chronic irregular use of alcohol leads to disorder of growth
process, decrease of weight, development of brain pathology, decrease of resistive
capacity to hypnosis, decrease of cognitive capacities of brain, worsening of lever
capacity to neutralize harmful substances.
Still it is not known whether alcohol is more harmful in teenage age or in adult age.
But now it is obvious that pathologic propensity for alcohol drinking, formed in youth,
moves easily into adult life.
Do you think that the fact that drinking alcohol in moderation can have positive health
effects should be highly promoted? Why?
TEST
1 Many people have … smoking. Why don’t you follow their example!
a) ended b) given up c) gone from d) left
2 Smoking is a dirty … .
a) custom b) fashion c) habit d) manner
3. I used to be quite a … smoker several years ago.
a) bad b) frequent c) heavy d) strong
4 I know him to be a drug … .
a) addict b) addiction c) add d) addictive
5 Yesterday he drank till it came out of his … .
a) nose b) ears c) mouth d) stomach
6 The police caught him selling … to schoolchildren.
a) Indian corn b) Indian flowers c) Indian grass d) Indian seeds
7 All cigarette packets carry … about the effect of smoking on health.
a) an advice b) an alarm c) an alert d) a warning

ORAL TOPICS RECOMMENDED FOR FINAL EXAM

1) What is health?
2) What should we do to be healthy?
3) Factors influencing our health.
4) Functional fitness.
5) Professional and amateur sportsmen.
6) Being a coach potato.
7) Health and fitness.
8) Eating in a healthy way.
9) A healthy diet.
10) How I take care of my health.
11) Bad habits of modern people.
12) Drug addiction: threats and consequences.
13) Why do people drink alcohol?