UNIT 12 Words often Confused ago (adv) before now 2.9. Sandia lett school six months ago. before (adv) before a past time e.g. She washed her hair before she went to the party, in ago or before. oD 1. They moved to this neighbourhood two years 2 Ihave seen this film 3. In 1996 she finished the degree which she had started four years, 4 He took up cycling ten years beside (prep) next to e.g. The sofa is beside the fireplace in my house, besides (prep) also, in addition to ‘e.g. Besides buying us dinner lastnight, tne paid for the theatre tickets. @ Fu in bose or besides. 1 Put the book on the table 2 My house is a big park 3 a tent, you'll need a sl 4 He's taken seven other tests ater (prep) telowing in time og He called me alter! he trished work atuewarés —staletor time wean They wont he cinema and afterwards they went home. ay FF i ater or aternards. 1 Lats go out work is eoring 2. She ironed the clothes and ‘she put them away. 3. They went to the meeting and they drove home, a they had eaten, they did the washing-up, 190 00d (ac) wel-behaved not navghiy to. Thor titgan ew ays good Winn thy go out, well (adv) nasil or good way tg He spats usta vor wall wats) heathy 2 dont fe wl fy. @ Fill in good or wo. + ihyoure at schoo today, wel got he poate 2 They sing very. together, don't they? 3 ace Gil sche oa. 4 Aer ean our Burgers he oa 3 bi Adem ini ot acd (oe) ut gorous 9. Tom found the exam very hard, and that's why he failed it barely 29, It was so hot last night that | hardly slept at al, (By rnin nd or nara 1. Eric always works hardly (adv) 2 Thave any fee time these days. 3. They could hhear each other because the music was s0 loud. 4 Hhyoutrain . youll win the race on Saturday its itis oF it has (short form) e.g, It's time to go to bed! I's been two months since last saw im, Its (poss adj) ofa thing/animal e.g. The cat curled up in its basket and went to sleep. in it’s oF its. 1 ‘ight o'clock already! We're going to be late! ‘got fiteen rooms. ‘bone in the garden wheels just before landing, 2. Their house is huge. 3. The dog buried 4 The plane loweredquite - enough fairy, but not very 9. The party we wentto was quite good. sufficient, satisfactory 9, The sofa was big enough for four people. quite (adv) enough (adv) Fi in gute or enous. > 1 Lenjoyed he meal twas tasty, 2 Sheen al istacore mse 3 Tre teat was eat hoped wel @ thereon warm ‘oryeut used to - be used to used to refers to past habits and states 2.9. used to exercise every day, but | ‘don't any more. bbe used to refers to an action which has been done so often thats very familiar to the person involves e.g. Joanis used to geting up earlyin the ‘momings. FIN in used to oF be used to in the correct 8p form 1 They live by the sea, but now they lve in the ety 2 We ‘meet for lunch every day. but we don't any more, 3 They being on their own. 4 Tom working night shifts now. although he found it hard at the beginning, affect - effect affect (vy) to influence sthis 9. The closing down of the factory affected many families in the town, effect (n) result: change produced by an action or a cause. eg. The effects of polution can be seen allover the word, 9 fp Fit attect or eect 1. You shouldn't let her comments you. 2. The advertising campaign had a good fon the sales figures, 3. Famous people can 4 The polluted water had a serious on besides (adv) except (prep) but (conj) UNIT 12 Words often Confused the ves of young people the fishin the river besides - except - but - except for - apart from in addition, moreover. including. a well 2.9. It's 100 late 10 go out now. Besides. i's going 0 rain. not including, apart from (in the middle of a sentence) 9. Everyone in the company got a pay rise except James. not including, apart from (never at the beginning of a sentence) eg.! cleaned every room but the ketchen, except for (prep) not including. apart from (usually followed by @ noun or -ing form) e.g. Except for the security guard. the building was empty apart from (prep) not including (usually followed by a ‘noun oF «ing form) eg. Apart from washing the car. what else have you done today? Fill in besides, except, but or apart. 1. We got cards from everyone for Alec. from the singing of the birds. everything was quiet 3. I didnt like the idea of working for that company: the salary wasnt good enough. 4 She locked every door the fie exit 5 from Pauline, everyone at the meeting agreed with the plan 6 Let's get a taxi since it's raining we've already missed the last bus 7 Every guest came on te Clare. 8 ‘ong shopping, what else shall we do on Satay? 9. Im going to bed because Im tes ts very ate bring - take bring (¥) move sth towards sbisth else e.g. Bring me those files, please. take (v) move sth away from sb eg. Will you take the rubbish out when you leave, please? 91UNIT 12 Words often Confused 1 Please this box outside to the garden, 2 ‘me a chair from the kitchen, please. 3 He the children to play in the park yesterday evening, 4 Will you ime the dishes from the dining room, please? Lunt (prep) before the time when something happens ‘and not after it e.g. He worked for this company until he retired, by (prep) no later than a specified time 8.9. You must finish the report by Friday afternoon. G2), ea imantoroy 1. We waited at the station 2 Ibe inthe office then. 3. You must return the library books. 4 Sam will know his exam results uly 5 We can't announce anything to the public Wwe get the Prime Minister's consent. the train came. 6 o'clock. Call me before Wednesday. the end of since (prep) from a specified time in the past until a later past time or until the present e.g. He's been on holiday since last Friday. for (prep) indicating a length of time 29. They've been working here for ten years. in since or for. 43, « 1. They have known each other ‘many years. 2 He hasn't heard from Alice last summer. 3. Janet hasn't written to John January. 4 Ihave been waiting for the train an hour. 5 | have been good friends with James we were at school together. 192 lstento W]e hearinenionly a. They tered the news boas: ante mda hear) tpacave sounds wih ne eas tc Suan beard someone cling or help. (44pm ston or norm the comect orm + Youmat carly or you wont ‘now oe! da pliecel ance tide 3 Pm spake ar ee oe abe Tesi very ering to nati in See aN aieea ae sar taueet on ‘ime ote satan 26. hope gate aipotn te vac pn nd (15)p ri ont inte, 1 Biisalvaysite. Hes never 2 twoke up ot wis morning 2 Wore havop guess leigh 80 make sure youre rome weeome hon 4 twonury, wei goo sation each ren one’s best/worst, business with sb, a crossword, damage to, one’s duty, an exercise, a test, an experiment, good, cone's hair, harm, one’s homework, the housework, a job, sth for a living, research, rightiwrong, the shopping, a translation, the washing-up, work, etc ‘an appointment, an arrangement, the beds, a cake, ‘changes, coffee, a decision, a discovery, an effor, an excuse, a fortune, an impression, ajoke, a mess, a mistake, money, a noise, an offer, peace, preparations, progress, sure, rouble, war, up one's mind, ec for work to see the sunriseveneer ecoette 1 James {an exercise in his book when his pen ran out 2 She lots of mistakes in her homework 3. We couls ‘fortune if we sold all this jewellery 4 Like the washing-up straight after dinner 5 Sam the shopping for me on his way home yesterday. 6 she 1 joke but nobody laughed. 7 They progress with the building, Just a small slice of cake won't any harm. 8 Johns going to an appointment to hhave his hair cut 10 Ityou're going to a job you should do it properiy 11 Mum is busy preparations for the party 12 Will you your beds now, please? 13 Could you a translation ofthis ace for me, please? 14 I don’t mind i you fail the test, so long as you ‘your best. an offer on the house 18 Yesterday we we want to buy. atthe at the place or time at which sth starts beginning e.g. There is a contents page at the beginning of the book. inthe intially. This suggests further change. beginning e.g. He thought German was hard in the beginning, but now he finds it easy. atthe end atthe furthest or last part of sth eg. At the end of the day | ike to relax in ont of the TV. Inthe end at last, finally, when everything is taken into consideration e.g. Iwas going to take the bus home, but in the end I got a tax. ay Fill in atthe beginning, nthe beginning, at the tnd orn the on 1 She dit et very confident ihe carer but se has changed at since then UNIT 12 Words often Confused 2 . the work was interesting, but now | find it boring. 3. Itwas a difficult situation, but everything worked out nicely. 4 There isa revision chapter of the book, 5 She didn't know anyone but then she made lots of trends. 6 of the week, the weather was awful but then it improves. 7. The big new supermarket is of the steet. 8 The story has a tragic beginning, but fortunately everything turns out well 9 nothing grew on the land, but itis covered with trees now. in any manner 2.9. They couldn't find any way to get out of the building anyhow, in any case e.g. The coatwas expensive, but/ bought ‘anyway. anyway (adv) (8, ® 1 Is there Ian help you? 2 You can do ths you think best 3 I wasn't keen on the idea of going tothe party, but | went 4 Itwasn't raining, but | took my umbrella with me in any way or anyway. 5 You-can't treat people you want you must always take their feelings into consideration. all ready ‘everyone prepared e.g. The children are all ready to go. already (adv) by this time e.g. By the time | got there, the tain haat already lett in all ready or already. ty 1. The teams are s0 the competition ‘can begin, 2 When you are we can leave. 3. They've finished all the work. 4 Ive one the shopping this week 5. The children had put on their costumes and they were to go.on stage. 193