Electrical Standard Specification Third Year Electrical Power and Machine department

Sheet: Short Circuit Currents

Questions:
1- Explain the fault clearing process by illustrating the oscillographs of short-circuit current.
2- Explain the “double effect” of short-circuit current.
3- Explain the variation of short-circuit current through sub-transient, transient and steady state.
State the significance of the d.c. component.
4- Derive an expression for short-circuit current in an R-L series circuit with an alternating
current source. Show that the current has a d.c. component and a.c. component.
5- Prove the mechanical force equation between bus bars carrying short circuit currents 50kA
with the distances L and d

Exercise:
1. A50 Hz / 400 voltage peak sinusoidal supply voltage is applied to a series circuit of
resistance 1o ohm and 0.1 H inductance. Find an expression for the value of the current
at any instant after the voltage is applied, assuming the voltage is zero value at the
instant of application. Calculate the value of the transient current 0.02sec after
switching on.
2. A 50 Hz alternating voltage is applied to an R-L series circuit by closing a switch. The
resistance is 10 ohm and inductance is 0.1 henry. The rms value of the applied voltage
is 100 volts. Answer the followings:
2-1 Find the value of d.c. component of current upon closing the switch if the
instantaneous value of voltage is 50 volt at that moment of closing the switch.
2-2 What is the value of instantaneous voltage, which will produce a maximum d.c.
component of current upon closing the switch?
2-3 What is the value of instantaneous voltage, which will result in the absence of any
d.c. component of current upon closing the switch?
2-4 If the switch is closed when instantaneous voltage is zero, find the instantaneous
current at o.5, 1, 1.5, 5.5 cycles later.

3. With reference to the electrical network schematized, the equivalent series impedance
(resistances and inductive reactance) should be calculated with the following conditions:
Feeder’s voltage drop 3% of phase voltage at the maximum feeder current 1000
Ampere with the feeder power loss equals to 2.26 kW/phase.
3-1 Determine the steady-state short circuit-current at the circuit-breaker.
3-2 Determine the maximum peak value of the prospective short-circuit current can be
occurred according to the particular relationships of the Standard IEC 60909.

4. An equivalent electrical network R-L series circuit with an alternating current source
with the following conditions: feeder’s voltage drop 2.5% of phase voltage at the
maximum feeder current 1500 Ampere with the feeder power loss equals to 2.5
kW/phase and the capacitance equivalent before the circuit-breaker location is 0.005 μF
per phase.
A. Determine the steady-state short circuit-current at the circuit-breaker
B. Determine the maximum peak value of the prospective short-circuit current can be
occurred according to the particular relationships of the Standard IEC 60909.