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Nifty Fifty

Useful Circuit Building Blocks

Dhananjay V. Gadre; dvgadre@gmail.com

1. Resistor divider to measure high voltage.


2. Shunt resistor to measure current (grounded R, Floating R).
3. Using a wire and linear hall sensor to measure AC/DC current.
4. Bridge rectifier to convert AC to DC.
5. Half-wave rectifier with peak voltage detector.
6. Precision rectifier.
7. Filter capacitors and chokes.
8. Current limiter circuit (short circuit protection).
9. Over voltage protection circuit (crowbar using SCR).
10. Current source (also using 2 series diodes between base and Vcc).
11. Current sink (also using 2 series diodes between base and Gnd).
12. Current mirror.
13. OP-amp inverting, non-inverting, differential amplifier.
14. Op-amp current to voltage converter.
15. Transistor as a switch - low side and high side.
16. H-bridge circuit.
17. BJT emitter follower.
18. Darlington pair, Sziklai pair.
19. Push-pull amplifier.
20. Pull-up and Pull down resistors with non-voltaic devices.
21. Transistor as dynamic load.
22. Integrator (LPF) and differentiator (HPF).
23. Single supply Op-amp AC voltage amplifier.
24. Precision voltage reference circuits.
25. Zener power supply
26. Op-amp based power supply
27. 3-terminal regulator.
28. Capacitive power supply.
29. Comparator, comparator with hysteresis.
30. Window comparator.
31. Divide-2 and divide-3 and other counter circuits.
32. Crystal oscillator.
33. RC-oscillator with Schmitt inverter, ring oscillator.
34. BJT based AMV, 555 based AMV and MMV.
35. Basic gates with diodes and BJTs/Mosfets.
36. Mux, Decoder, digital comparator.
37. Relay driver with snubber (diode and zener).
38. ADC input over-voltage protection circuit.
39. Wheatstone bridge.
40. PWM generator (Using 555. Using counter + digital comparator).
41. LED as light sensor.
42. PWM DAC, R-2R DAC.
43. Voltage doubler and voltage inverter circuits using diodes and capacitors.
44. Joule thief (poor man’s DC-DC converter)
45. Wireless power transmitter and receiver.
46. Faraday power generator.
47. Quadrature phase circuits.
48. Opto-coupler and opto-isolator circuits.
49. BJT as zener diode.
50. Bidirectional logic level converter (+5V logic to/from +3.3V logic).
51. Bootstrapped ramp generator.

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