MEASUREMENT OF HIGH VOLTAGES AND

HIGH CURRENTS

High Resistance with series ammeter –

Dividers, Resistance, Capacitance and Mixed
dividers – Peak Voltmeter, Generating
Voltmeters - Capacitance Voltage
Transformers, Electrostatic Voltmeters –
Sphere Gaps - High current shunts- Digital
techniques in high voltage measurement.
 MEASUREMENT OF HIGH
VOLTAGES
DC
• High ohmic series resistance with
micro ammeters
• Resistance potential divider
• Generating voltmeters
• Sphere and other spark gaps
MEASUREMENT OF HIGH VOLTAGES
AC

• Series impedance voltmeter

• Potential dividers
• Potential transformers
(capacitance voltage
transformer)
• Electrostatic voltmeter
HIGH AC FREQUENCY & IMPULSE VOLTAGES

• Peak voltmeters
• Sphere gaps
• Potential dividers with
CRO
MEASUREMENT OF HIGH CURRENTS

DC
Resistance shunts
Hall generator
 MEASUREMENT OF HIGH CURRENTS
HIGH POWER FREQUENCY
AC

• Current transformer with electro

optical technique
HIGH FREQUENCY AND IMPULSE CURRENTS

• Resistive shunts
• Magnetic potentiometer or probes
• Magnetic links
• Hall generator
• Faraday generator
 IMPULSE VOLTAGES AND CURRENTS

• CRO
High ohmic series resistance with micro
ammeters:
Resistance potential dividers
V1=((R1+R2)/R2)V2
Generating voltmeter:
Sphere gap measurements:
• A sparkover voltage of 30 kV (peak) at 1 cm
spacing in air at 2O C and 760 torr pressure
0

occurs for a sphere gap or any uniform field

gap.
Series impedance Voltmeter :
Series Capacitance Voltmeter:
 
=

Where, = RMS value of fundamental.

= RMS value of second harmonic.
= RMS value of third harmonic.
= RMS value of harmonic.
The currents due to , , ………, are
=C
=2 C
=nωC
Capacitance Potential Divider:
 
 []

Where, = Capacitance of meter and cable.

= Standard compressed gas h.v.
= Standard low voltage condenser.
= Meter rating.
P = Protective gap
C.C = Connecting cable.
Capacitance Voltage Transformer (CVT):
 High voltage rating – 10 to 30 KV
Low voltage rating – 100 to 500 V
•Resonance
  condition is, =
•ω(L + ) =
• = +
• =
• The voltage V2(meter voltage) will be in phase
with the input voltage V1 at resonance
condition.
Electrostatic Voltmeter:
 PEAK READING VOLTMETERS

TYPES
 Series capacitor peak voltmeter
(Chubb-Frotscue method for peak
voltage measurement.)
 Digital peak voltmeter.
 Peak voltmeter with potential dividers.
SERIES CAPACITOR PEAK VOLTMETER (CHUBB- FROTSCUE
METHOD FOR PEAK VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT.)
DIGITAL PEAK VOLTMETER
PEAK VOLTMETERS WITH POTENTIAL
DIVIDERS
MODIFIED PEAK VOLTMETER
Impulse Voltage Measurements
GENERAL POTENTIAL DIVIDERS
RESISTANCE POTENTIAL DIVIDERS FOR VERY
LOW IMPULSE VOLTAGES
CAPACITANCE VOLTAGE DIVIDERS
 Measurement of high direct currents

Resistive shunts:
HALL EFFECT
 Measurement of high AC currents
Current transformer with electro optical technique
Measurement of IMPULSE currents
Resistive shunts
Magnetic potentiometers (Rogowski coils
Faraday generator or magneto optic method