Bahasa Inggris

Structure Abstract

Mata Kuliah : Bahasa Inggris

Dosen Pengampu : Dr. Wisma Yunita, M.Pd.

Oleh :

Muhammad Suhadi Alpashan

H1A022044

Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Bengkulu

Tahun Ajaran 2022/2023

 Predictive Potential of Eyelids and Tear Film in
Determining Symptoms in Contact Lens Wearers

Contact lens discomfort is one of the main reasons for permanent discontinuation of
contact lens wear. Contact lens discomfort probably occurs due to reduced compatibility
between the contact lens and the ocular environment, especially the eyelids and tear film.
This study was designed to determine the ability of clinical correlates related to eyelids and
tear film to predict symptoms in contact lens wearers. Eyelid signs and tear film
characteristics of 30 habitual contact lens wearers were evaluated during a single visit.
Study participants were classified into symptomatic (score >12) and asymptomatic (score ≤
12) lens wearers based on the contact lens dry eye questionnaire - 8 (CLDEQ-8). Lid-wiper
epitheliopathy, lid-parallel conjunctival folds, eyelid sensitivity and other eyelid margin signs
such as ridging of Marx’s line, anterior blepharitis, hyperkeratinization, telangiectasia, lash
loss, eyelid vascularity, irregularity or notching of eyelids, rounding of posterior margin,
redness and thickness of lid margin and lash contamination were evaluated. Meibomian
gland morphology and secretion, palpebral conjunctival health and tear parameters such as
volume, meniscus height, thickness of lipid layer, osmolarity, break-up time and evaporation
rate were also recorded. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using receiver
operating curves and canonical discriminant function analysis, to derive predictive potential
of each of the study variable in determining symptoms in lens wearers. The formula
developed was: Symptom Discriminant Function Score = (3.378 x meibomian gland
secretions grade) + (0.224 x meibomian gland morphology grade) + (0.61 x tear evaporation
rate without contact lens) + (0.439 x lid parallel conjunctival folds grade) – (0.346 x palpebral
conjunctival health grade) – 4.625. Based on the evidence provided by this study, contact
lens practitioners could monitor neophytes (new lens wearers) if they present with the
predictors or develop these specific signs. Timely intervention before the signs worsen to an
extent that these lens wearers develop to experience symptoms could avoid or reduce the
rate of contact lens dropout.Validation of the developed equation is needed to confirm its
accuracy with a new cohort of lens wearers. Early diagnosis of clinical markers of contact
lens discomfort could help clinicians set realistic expectations for the wearer, and monitor
and provide prophylactic management.

https://www.unsw.edu.au/medicine-health/our-schools/optometry/research-impact/
publications/predictive-potential-eyelids-and-tear-film-determining-symptoms-
contact-lens-wearers
 Second-trimester uterine artery Doppler screening in
unselected populations: a review

Doppler ultrasound provides a non-invasive method for the study of the

uteroplacental circulation. In normal pregnancy, impedance to flow in the uterine arteries
decreases with gestation, which may be the consequence of trophoblastic invasion of the
spiral arteries and their conversion into low-resistance vessels. Pre-eclampsia and fetal
growth restriction are associated with failure of trophoblastic invasion of spiral arteries, and
Doppler studies, in these conditions, have shown that impedance to flow in the uterine
arteries is increased. A series of screening studies involving assessment of impedance to flow
in the uterine arteries have examined the potential value of Doppler in identifying
pregnancies at risk of the complications of impaired placentation. This review examines the
findings of Doppler studies in unselected populations. Searches of a computerized medical
database were performed to identify relevant studies. Only those studies that provided
sufficient data to allow calculation of the performance of the test were included in the
analysis. Likelihood ratios were calculated for each study and are reported for pre-eclampsia,
fetal growth restriction and perinatal death as well as for more severe forms of pre-eclampsia
and fetal growth restriction. The literature search identified 19 relevant studies, four of which
were excluded from the further analysis. The main characteristics and results of the 15
remaining studies provided discrepant results, which may be the consequence of differences
in Doppler technique for sampling, the definition of abnormal flow velocity waveform,
differences in the populations examined, the gestational age at which women were studied
and different criteria for the diagnosis of pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction.
Nevertheless, the studies provided evidence that increased impedance to flow in the uterine
arteries is associated with increased risk for subsequent development of pre-eclampsia, fetal
growth restriction and perinatal death. In addition, women with normal impedance to flow in
the uterine arteries constituted a group that have a low risk of developing obstetric
complications related to uteroplacental insufficiency. The review suggests that increased
impedance to flow in the uterine arteries in pregnancies attending for routine antenatal care
identifies about 40% of those who subsequently develop pre-eclampsia and about 20% of
those who develop fetal growth restriction. Following a positive test, the likelihood of these
complications is increased by about 6 and 3.5 times, respectively.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK69415/
 Proposal for a new clinical entity, IgG4-positive multiorgan
lymphoproliferative syndrome: Analysis of 64 cases of IgG4-
related disorders

Mikulicz's disease (MD) has been considered as one manifestation of Sjögren's

syndrome (SS). Recently, it has also been considered as an IgG(4)-related disorder. To
determine the differences between IgG(4)-related disorders including MD and SS. A study was
undertaken to investigate patients with MD and IgG(4)-related disorders registered in Japan and
to set up provisional criteria for the new clinical entity IgG(4)-positive multiorgan
lymphoproliferative syndrome (IgG(4)+MOLPS). The preliminary diagnostic criteria include raised
serum levels of IgG(4) (>135 mg/dl) and infiltration of IgG(4)(+) plasma cells in the tissue
(IgG(4)+/IgG+ plasma cells >50%) with fibrosis or sclerosis. The clinical features, laboratory data
and pathologies of 64 patients with IgG(4)+MOLPS and 31 patients with typical SS were
compared. The incidence of xerostomia, xerophthalmia and arthralgia, rheumatoid factor and
antinuclear, antiSS-A/Ro and antiSS-B/La antibodies was significantly lower in patients with
IgG(4)+MOLPS than in those with typical SS. Allergic rhinitis and autoimmune pancreatitis were
significantly more frequent and total IgG, IgG(2), IgG(4) and IgE levels were significantly
increased in IgG(4)+MOLPS. Histological specimens from patients with IgG(4)+MOLPS revealed
marked IgG(4)+ plasma cell infiltration. Many patients with IgG(4)+MOLPS had lymphocytic
follicle formation, but lymphoepithelial lesions were rare. Few IgG(4)+ cells were seen in the
tissue of patients with typical SS. Thirty-eight patients with IgG(4)+MOLPS treated with
glucocorticoids showed marked clinical improvement. Despite similarities in the involved organs,
there are considerable clinical and pathological differences between IgG(4)+MOLPS and SS.
Based on the clinical features and good response to glucocorticoids, we propose a new clinical
entity: IgG(4)+MOLPS.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/23169300_Proposal_for_a_new_clinical_entity_IgG4-
positive_multiorgan_lymphoproliferative_syndrome_Analysis_of_64_cases_of_IgG4-
related_disorders
 The Effects of Soft Contact Lens Wear on The Tear
Film and Meibomian Gland Drop-Out and Visibility

As contact lens (CL) wear affects the ocular surface, this cross-sectional study aims to
assess the effects of soft CL wear and its duration on the tear film and meibomian gland
(MG) drop-out and visibility. Thirty non-CL wearers (22.5 ± 2.3 years) and twenty-four soft CL
wearers (23.8 ± 2.2 years) participated in this study. The Keratograph 5M was used to assess
the ocular surface. CL users were surveyed on years of CL wear and hours per week. MG
visibility was assessed using a previously developed method based on analysing pixel
intensity of meibographies. The CL group showed higher gland drop-out (p < 0.001) and
lower gland visibility (p < 0.022). Gland drop-out was independently associated with CL
wear (p = 0.006). When gland drop-out was excluded, the relative energy of pixel intensity
values showed an independent association with CL wear (p = 0.005). Prolonged hours of CL
wear were associated with higher dry eye symptoms and entropy of MGs (p < 0.029). A
reduction in non-invasive keratograph break-up time was associated with using CLs for ≥8
years (p = 0.030). Overall, gland drop-out was higher and gland visibility lower in soft CL
wearers. New gland visibility metrics might help to assess MGs in soft CL wearers quickly and
objectively.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36013356/

Intructions
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Orange = Aims
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Green = Result
Purple = conclusion