Water Supply

Engineering
Code: CONE 323

Lecture : 2
Course Instructor:
Dr. Mohamed Fekry
Distribution by means of gravity.
.‫التوزيع بواسطة االنحدار‬
Distribution by means of pumping
.‫التوزيع بواسطة الضخ‬
Distribution by means of pumping and storage.
. ‫التوزيع بواسطة الضخ والتخزين‬
1- Arithmetic method:
• This method depends on
Population

the linier increase of Pf

population. x

• Pf = Pi + Ka ( Tf –Ti )
•
P2
x
Pf : the population in
future. P1
x
• Pi : the population in
present.
• Tf : the design year.
• Ti : the year of known
population. t1 t2 tf Time

• Tf –Ti : design period

(Years)

• Ka : arithmetic constant
Example:
Find the population at year 2030.

Time (years) P (capita)

1980 20500
1990 22000
2000 26000
2005 29000

Solution:

Time (years) p ∆p ∆t p
T

1980 20500
1990 22000 1500 10 150
2000 26000 4000 10 400
2005 29000 3000 5 600

1 p
Ka  
n T
1150
Ka   383.33
3
Pf = Pi + Ka ( Tf –Ti )
P2030 = 29000 + 383.33 ( 2030 –2005 ) = 38583.25 ~ 38584 capita
2- Geometric method:
• This method depends on
Population
P
Pf
x
the linier increase of the
logarithm of population. Ln p

• Pf=Pi (1+Kg)(Tf-Ti)
lnP = lnP + K ( Tf –Ti )
Ln Pf f = ln Pi i + Tg ln (1+K g)
• Pf : the population in P2
x
future.
P1
• Pi : the population in
x

present.
• Tf : the design year.
• Ti : the year of known
population.
1  ln p t1 t2 tf
• Kg i : design
Tf –T  Time
n Tperiod (Years)

• Kg : geometric constant
 Example:
For the last example find the population at year 2030 using the geometric
method.
 ln p
Solution; T

Time (years) p t ln p  ln p  ln p
T
1980 20500 9.928
1990 22000 10 9.998 0.07 0.007
2000 26000 10 10.166 0.17 0.017
2005 29000 5 10.275 0.11 0.022

1  ln p
Kg  
n T
0.046
Kg   0.015
3
lnPf = lnPi + Kg ( Tf –Ti ) T
Pf=Pi (1+Kg)
lnPf = ln29000+ 0.015 ( 2030 –2005 ) 42078
Pf = 42194.75 ~ 42195 capita
Ln Pf = ln Pi + T ln (1+Kg)
4- Comparison method

Population

Pf

City A
City B

tf Time
5- Increasing factor method
x ( t f ti )
p f  pi (1  )
100
X: increasing factor = 2.4 % - 2.6 %

Example:
Predict the population of a city at year 2026 using increasing factor
method if the population at 1996 was 39000 capita.

Solution:
2.5 ( 2026 1996 )
p f  39000(1  )
100
= 81805.14 ~ 81806 capita.