EMBEDED SYSTEMS AND ARTIFICIAL

INTELEGENCE HARDWARE - 5G TECHNOLOGY

18ECP103L / Seminar – I

Submitted by

ADITYA PRATAP SINGH – RA2011004010214

Semester – V

Academic Year: 2022-23

In partial fulfilment for the award of the

degree Of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

In

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Of

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

S.R.M. Nagar, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram District

NOVEMBER 2022
 CONTENTS

SI. NO. TOPIC Page No.

INTRODUCTION
1. 3

HISTORY
2. 4

EVOLUTION
3. 5

CHALLENGES
4. 6

ADVANTAGES
5. 7

DISADVANTAGES
6. 8

7. APPLICATION O 5G 9

8. FEATURES OF 5G 10

10. Conclusion 11

11. References 12
 INTRODUCTION
5G is the 5th generation mobile network. It is a new
global wireless standard after 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G
networks. 5G enables a new kind of network that is
designed to connect virtually everyone and everything
together including machines objects ,and devices.
5G wireless technology is meant to deliver higher multi-
Gbps peak data speeds, ultra low latency, more
reliability, massive network capacity, increased
availability, and a more uniform user experience to more
users. Higher performance and improved efficiency
empower new user experiences and connects new
industries. 5G technology is anticipated to change the
future of technology as we know it: from augmented
reality and autonomous vehicles to smart cities and
remote surgery, the potential for 5G uses is almost
unfathomable. With Verizon’s 5G Ultra Wideband
network, today users can enjoy near real-time
experiences with high throughput, ultra-low latency and
massive capacity. That means downloading movies in
seconds versus minutes and supporting mobile
workforce applications.
 HISTORY
1G, or the first “Generation”, was the first commercially
automated mobile network. Launched in Tokyo by
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT), it was soon
expanded to cover the whole population of Japan 1979.
Despite it being incredibly expensive the adaptation was
extremely rapid. It was clear and obvious that the
technology’s potential was massive, but there were still
some glaring issues that needed to be resolved, namely;
poor sound quality and coverage, incompatible with
other 1G networks due to differing frequency ranges, no
roaming between different operators, only allowed audio,
and weak security due to no support for encryption. This
technology was also quite expensive and not made
forthe general public.
 Evolution
1G

The first generation of mobile network was deployed in Japan by Nippon Telephone and
Telegraph company (NTT) in Tokyo during 1979. In the beginning of 1980s, it gained
popularity in the US, Finland, UK and Europe. This system used analogue signals and it
had many disadvantages due to technology limitations.

2G

Second generation of mobile communication system introduced a new digital technology

for wireless transmission also known as Global System for Mobile communication
(GSM). GSM technology became the base standard for further development in wireless
standards later. This standard was capable of supporting up to 14.4 to 64kbps (maximum)
data rate which is sufficient for SMS and email services.
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system developed by Qualcomm also
introduced and implemented in the mid 1990s. CDMA has more features than GSM in
terms of spectral efficiency, number of users and data rate

3G

Third generation mobile communication started with the introduction of UMTS –

Universal Mobile Terrestrial / Telecommunication Systems. UMTS has the data rate of
384kbps and it support video calling for the first time on mobile devices.
After the introduction of 3G mobile communication system, smart phones became
popular across the globe. Specific applications were developed for smartphones which
handles multimedia chat, email, video calling, games, social media and healthcare.

4G

4G systems are enhanced version of 3G networks developed by IEEE, offers higher data
rate and capable to handle more advanced multimedia services. LTE and LTE advanced
wireless technology used in 4th generation systems. Furthermore, it has compatibility
with previous version thus easier deployment and upgrade of LTE and LTE advanced
networks are possible.
5G
5G network is using advanced technologies to deliver ultra fast internet and
multimedia experience for customers. Existing LTE advanced networks will
transform into supercharged 5G networks in future.
In earlier deployments, 5G network will function in non standalone mode and
standalone mode. In non standalone mode both LTE spectrum and 5G-NR spectrum
will be used together. Control signaling will be connected to LTE core network in
non standalone mode.
 CHALLENGERS
Frequency Bands
Current LTE system operates with more than 50 frequency bands which are below 3.6 GHz
range. One of the frequency candidates for early deployment of 5G is sub-6 GHz range.
Unlicensed spectrum below 6 GHz (600 MHz and between 3.5 GHz and 6 GHz) will be used
for first generation of 5G networks.5G NR- New Radio standard for 5G networks are set of
frequency bands at sub-6 GHz range and millimeter waves of the RF spectrum. Design of
hardware at millimeter waves are much complex than low frequency range.

Huge Data Volume

As the technology advances, the data volume of each network also increases every year
and the trend is growing. Each network has to support huge volume of data since many
applications capable of high resolution video calling, live streaming, downloading etc…
The new media trend is towards video standard and there is huge demand for video
contents compared to conventional text form. Multimedia gaming, augmented reality
(AR) and virtual reality (VR) applications needs high speed network for better user
experience.

MIMO Technology

Complex MIMO antenna arrays will be used to deliver high speed data to individual users.
The idea of MIMO is to increase number of transmitting antenna at the base station and
mobile device (UE) to maximize the data transfer by simultaneously sending and
receiving. MIMO technology requires complex algorithms and device capability at both
base station and user equipment

Beamforming

In order to avoid transmission power wastage, new generation wireless transmission

technology will use beamforming method to efficiently transmit data to user devices.
Compared to conventional base stations, beamforming technology will locate the user’s
location precisely and transmit signals to that direction using sophisticated antenna
array system.Base station’s operating power can be significantly reduced by
beamforming concept. However, beamforming is a complex task to locate each devices
under a particular cell and it needs high level processing at base stations.
 ADVATAGES
Lower latency

Latency is the time that elapses since we give an order on our device until the action
occurs. In 5G the latency will be ten times less than in 4G, being able to perform remote
actions in real time.

Thanks to this low latency and the increase of the sensors, it is possible to control the
machinery of an industrial plant, control logistics or remote transport, surgical operations in
which the doctor can intervene a patient who is at another side of the world with the help of
precision instrumentation managed remotely or the complete control of remote transport
systems, automated and without driver

Greater speed in transmissions

Speed in transmissions can approach 15 or 20 Gbps. By being able to enjoy a higher speed
we can access files, programs and remote applications in a totally direct and without
waiting. By intensifying the use of the cloud, all devices (mobile phones, computers,
etc.) will depend less on the internal memory and on the accumulation of data and it won’t
be necessary to install a large number of processors on some objects because computing can
be done on the Cloud.

For example, being able to activate software remotely as if it were executed in personal
devices, will allow not having installed the mobile applications (APPs) in the terminal and
executing them directly from the cloud. Just as it will no longer be necessary to store the
information in the memory of the device (photos, videos, etc).
 DISADVANTGES
Limited Coverage: While 5G technology is touted to have the fastest
speed, its presence in only select cities globally that have 5G towers is one
of the limitations of this technology. Despite global companies and
governments working for maximum cities to have the coverage of 5G, it
would take years for the introduction and implementation, as the testing,
trial, and set-up of 5G towers is an expensive process. 

Weak Upload Speeds: Experts believe that despite its ability to have faster
download speeds, 5G technology will have less upload speed compared to
4G and 4G LTE. This is another drawback of 5G technology. 

Battery Damages:  Another limitation of 5G technology is it weakens the

cellular device, by draining the battery and reducing the lifespan. So far
only a few manufacturers have introduced mobile phones that are 5G
friendly. While research and development are underway to manufacture 5G
devices, the technology is proving to be a bane to 4G devices as it often
leads to battery damage according to experts. 
 APPLICATION OF 5G

High-speed mobile network

5G will revolutionize the mobile experience with a supercharged wireless network, which
can support up to 10 to 20 GBPS of data download speed. It is equivalent to a fiber-optic
Internet connection accessed wirelessly. Compared to conventional mobile transmission
technologies, voice and high-speed data can be simultaneously transferred efficiently in
5G.Low latency is one of the most important features of 5G technology which is
significant for autonomous driving and mission-critical applications. 5G networks are
capable of latency of less than a millisecond.5G will be using new radio millimeter waves
for transmission. It has a much higher bandwidth compared to lower LTE bands and is
capable of a huge data rate.

Entertainment and multimedia

Analysts found that 55 percent of mobile Internet traffic has been used for video
downloads globally in 2015. This trend will increase in the future and high-definition
video streaming will be common in the future.5G will offer a high-definition virtual world
on your mobile phone. High-speed streaming of 4K videos only takes a few seconds and it
can support crystal clear audio clarity.Live events can be streamed via a wireless network
with high definition. HD TV channels can be accessed on mobile devices without any
interruptions. The entertainment industry will hugely benefit from 5G wireless
networks.5G can provide 120 frames per second, high resolution, and higher dynamic
range video streaming without interruption. The audiovisual experience will be rewritten
after the implementation of the latest technologies powered by 5G wireless.]

Internet of Things – Connecting everything

Internet of Things (IoT) is another broad area for development using a supercharged 5G
wireless network. Internet of Things will connect every object, appliance, sensor, device,
and application to the Internet.

IoT applications will collect huge amounts of data from millions of devices and sensors. It
requires an efficient network for data collection, processing, transmission, control, and
real-time analytics.
 FEATURE OF 5G

5th Generation Mobile Network or simply 5G is the forthcoming

revolution of mobile technology. The features and its usability are
much beyond the expectation of a normal human being. With its
ultra-high-speed, it is potential enough to change the meaning of
cell phone usability. With a huge array of innovative features, now
your smartphone would be more parallel to the laptop. You can use
broadband internet connection; other significant features that
fascinate people are more gaming options, wider multimedia
options, connectivity everywhere, zero latency, faster response
time, and high-quality sound, and HD video can be transferred on
another cell phone without compromising with the quality of audio
and video .
The architecture of 5G is highly advanced, its network elements and
various terminals are characteristically upgraded to afford a new
situation. Likewise, service providers can implement advanced
technology to adopt value-added services easily.However,
upgradeability is based upon cognitive radio technology that includes
various significant features such as the ability of devices to identify their
geographical location as well as weather, temperature, etc.
 Conclusion

India is a developing country in which maximum things are getting digital or can say
computerised. An embedded system is a dedicated computer system that is designed for one
or several functions. It is the component of the multi-purpose equipment that incorporates
both software and hardware but is something completely different to an ordinary personal
computer we use on a daily basis. Embedded systems are designed to perform a particular
task, rather than a various range of tasks which includes Smartphone, laptops or many other
smart devices do.
The world knows that Artificial Intelligence is creating a massive shift in the technology field
as well as the lives of citizens across the world. The continuous emergence of AI models has
successfully accelerated productivity and enhanced customer engagement in the cut-throat
competitive market. Multiple industries and companies along with the government have
started adopting AI models to provide freedom to employees from mundane tasks through
automated services. India is one of the developing countries that has started allocating
budgets for implementing Artificial Intelligence projects. India is set to use ground-breaking
technologies for better productivity and earn revenue in the nearby future.
 References
https://medium.com/@nagasanjayvijayan/5g-technology-an-overview-275cfb61cfd3
https://www.outlookindia.com/business/5g-technology-what-are-its-advantages-and-disadvantages-
news-214808#:~:text=Cybersecurity%20Risk%3A%20Another%20drawback%20of,for
%20cyberattacks%20and%20data%20theft.
https://www.rfpage.com/what-are-the-challenges-in-5g-technology/