Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx

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Materials Today: Proceedings

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Alternate fuel preparation in low cost from waste plastic: A review

Kundan Kumar Jha ⇑, T.T.M. Kannan
Department of Mechanical Engineering, PRIST Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613403, India

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t

Article history: From municipal solid waste collected waste plastic was shorted on the basis of its type as (LDPE, HDPE,
Received 31 July 2020 PVC etc.) and with the help of cutter, crusher and shredder graded into nearly uniform size. Just to melt
Accepted 30 September 2020 graded feed heated and hence periodically impurities removed from boom area of melter. The catalyst
Available online xxxx
added in modern plastic and heated 320–600 °C in high pressure on prototype mini reactor for pyrolysis
process. On opening valve the vapour mixed plastic oil comes out through condenser from that useful-
Keywords: ness different products (petrol, diesel, plastic oil etc.) characterized. The products properties tested and
Plastic waste
obtained, finally compared with actual values for petroleum range products. In result some how nearly
Fuel production
Mini reactor
same range which preparation cost so cheap which comparison with actual petroleum range products.
Pyrolysis In this paper deals the details of different methods of fuel is produced from plastic waste in previous
Condenser research.
Cost Ó 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Confer-
ence on Newer Trends and Innovation in Mechanical Engineering: Materials Science.

1. Introduction additionally good with different kinds of polyolefin added sub-

In our general public today plastic materials are utilized in day
today life, which prompts the augmentation of plastic waste.
Henceforth, plastic reusing is principle focal point of analysts in
recent decades. Strategies for reusing of plastic as land filling,
dumping, remote ocean dumping, cremation and so on from all
the most proficient strategy pyrolysis of plastics. Nearly a fourth
of all plastic waste is polypropylene, used to make things like food
compartments, jugs, funnels, and apparel. So chemical engineer
Linda Wang and her partners concentrated their endeavors on
reusing this kind of plastic. Plastics are hydrocarbons that are pro-
duced using oil, and they can be changed over back to fluid fuel.
Specialists have commonly utilized a procedure called pyrolysis
to do this, which requires warming the plastics at a high tempera-
ture. The analysts had the option to change 91% of the plastic into
oil. The oil, which is a blend of various hydrocarbon mixes, can be
utilized to make structures obstructs for gas and different powers
and chemicals. Plastic-inferred powers are likewise fit for creating
a cleaner consuming fuel than customary sources because of their
low sulfur content, considering most of creating countries use
sulfur-overwhelming diesel. The impetuses utilized are
⇑ Corresponding author.
E-mail address: jhakundan051@gmail.com (K.K. Jha).
stances, which means plastic waste, for example, containers, packs
and film would all be able to be changed over into compound feed
stocks without the requirement for any pee-treatment. This survey
subsequently centers around the impact of temperature on the
pyrolysis results which have been coordinated with the air pocket
top refining segment. This is done by using the warmth from the
reactor to isolate the fluid item in a vacuum condition which limits
the oxygen entering the reactor. Be that as it may, in vacuum con-
ditions, natural fume leaves the reactor quicker, subsequently less-
ening fume living arrangement time and moving vanishing to bring
down temperature regions, along these lines decreasing the nor-
mal fume temperature. The acquired fluid item is broke down of
physical qualities to decide the particular sort of item and contrast
fuel oil and the fossil. The arrangement of plastics-to-fuel holds
guarantee in checking such inescapable contamination as well as
giving a huge financial advantage to districts
2. Literature review
1. Manoj Kumar [1] et al. have explained Plastro fuels from
waste plastics by thermal cracking catalysts they used reac-
tor for pyrolysis on the temperature up to 350-1000°c
vapour transferring pipes made with galavanizied iron
material, condensing unit for getting fuel by condensing

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.09.802
2214-7853/Ó 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Newer Trends and Innovation in Mechanical Engineering:
Materials Science.

Please cite this article as: Kundan Kumar Jha and T.T.M. Kannan, Alternate fuel preparation in low cost from waste plastic: A review, Materials Today:
Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.09.802
Kundan Kumar Jha and T.T.M. Kannan
the low density vapours. The ratio of polymer and catalyst
4:1, above 310°c in anaerobic condition. Finally as a result
PLASIV-H and PLASIV-V produced from waste plastic mate-
rial as alternative fuel.
2. Mitun Chandra Bhoumick and Niloy Chandra Sarker [2]
focused on Conversion of waste plastic into solid briquette
in combination with biomass: Bangladesh perspective as
input raw material waste plastic as LDPE, PE, PP and saw
dust sample 8–11 percentage and produced briquettes with
dimensions of 75 mm diameter and 120 mm length and
have been tested.
3. Shafferina Dayana Anuar Sharuddin and Faisal Abnisa [3]
reviewed on A review on pyrolysis of plastic wastes inputs
PET, HDPE, PVC, LDPE, PP, PS and mixed plastics and criti-
cally analysed the main process parameters that influenced
the final end product such oil, gaseous and char. They com-
pletely reviewed on type of reactors, residence time, pres-
sure, included temperature, catalysts, type of fluidizing gas
flow rate.
4. Chandra et al. [4] analysed on Review of diesel Engine emis-
sion under waste plastic fuel the input materials polyethy-
lene and polypropylene in the temperature range 400°to
500°centigrade at atmospheric pressure and have been
observed that the variation of carbon monoxide emissions
of the diesel engine at the various compression ratios.
5. Maceiras et al. [5] Investigated Diesel fuel from plastic waste
used as municipal solid wastes, agricultural wastes and as
high density materials such as rubber and plastics above
500 °C finally they obtained diesel as product.
6. T. Z. Quazi and Jagtap [6] studied on Sustainable plastic
waste management – A case study of Thane municipal cor-
poration the input plastic as milk bags, oil pouches, veg-
etable bags, plastic bags at about 375–450°C heated and
got pyrolysis oil and diesel as result.
7. Akhil and Abhijith [7] evaluated Comparison of plastic
derived fuel production methods and its effect on fuel qual-
ity by pyrolysis used plastics are polyethylene, polystyrene
polyvinyl chloride for getting the plastic oil. This method
found out cheaper and advantageous.
8. B. J. Patil and Raghvendra [8] explained Extraction of liquid
fuel from waste plastic for finding the diesel and plastic
pyrolysis oil which should be taken into consideration trans-
port purpose in future. They used different types of waste
plastic as input in reactor.
9. Gordon Yu and Chih- Young Hung [9] examined An opti-
mized pyrolysis technology with highly energy efficient con-
version of waste plastic into clean fuel while substantially
reducing carbon emission for reducing the environmental
burdens R-ONE technology converts plastic waste into fuel
oil without generating toxic byproducts.
10. Y. B. Sonawane and Shindikar [10] found High calorific value
fuel from household plastic waste by catalytic pyrolysis in
this all types of plastics are used i.e., HDPE, LDPE and PP
wastes. In 400–450 °C maximizes percentage of oil and less
wax and by using 5–10% dolomite, fuel percentage can be
increased. All the previous research shows that big plant of
plastic waste into fuel. There is limited work in design and
fabrication of mini reactor and condenser for plastic pyroly-
sis method
Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
3. Need and implementation
A cleaner future of India government has taken initiative by
starting movement of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan. This program giving
hope to live citizens in safer environment. Many start up compa-
nies take imitation to construct mini plastic pyrolysis plant for pro-
duction of fuel from plastic waste in less initial cost. The municipal
corporation and village self help groups take necessary steps
towards the implementation of erecting plastic pyrolysis plant.
4. Conclusion
In this review, we conclude the following
i. Production of fuel from waste plastic by pyrolysis method is
a simple method for conversion of Plastic into fuel.
ii. Thermal cracking is a best suitable method for conversion
plastic waste of varieties of HDPE, LDPE, PP and PS into fuel.
iii. Waste materials such as plastic bags, vegetable bags, oil
pouches, milk covers, light weight plastic plates and thermo-
plastic vessels may be converted into fuel by catalyst pyrol-
ysis method.
iv. An optimized pyrolysis technology with highly energy effi-
cient conversion of waste plastic into clean fuel while sub-
stantially reducing carbon emission for reducing the
environmental burdens.
Credit authorship contribution statement
Kundan Kumar Jha: . T.T.M. Kannan: Writing - review &
editing.
Declaration of Competing Interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing finan-
cial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared
to influence the work reported in this paper.
References
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