T "4 Carbon and nitrogen cycles What are the most Important points to remember? Questions In questions 1-5 draw a ring around the letter of the correct answer, 1 Which chemical is NOT used directly by grass? A carbon dioxide gas B liquid water C nitrogen gas D oxygen gas All these processes in the carbon cycle release carbon dioxide into the air except: A combustion 5B decomposition © photosynthesis D respiration Which are the decomposers involved in the carbon and nitrogen cycles? A. bacteria and fungi B fungi and herbivores. © herbivores and producers D producers and bacteria ‘Which microorganisms are found in the root nodules of legumes? A. decomposing bacteria - B denitrifying bacteria nitrifying bacteria D nitrogen-fiting bacteria ‘Which process in the carbon cycle releases oxygen into the air? ‘A combustion B decomposition © photosynthesis D respirationSection A Living organisms and the environment 6 The diagram shows the carbon cycle. 16 Garton dioxin ‘atmosphere Gatbon compounds: “n dead organic matter Stages of the carbon cycle have been labelled Ato E. Name the processes happening at each arrow. A B G D : aan E‘Topic Carbon andnitrogen cycles 8 The diagram shows the nitrogen cycle. Denietying| bacteria Nitrogen-fxing bacteria Nitrates in ‘col Nitrogen ‘compounds in animals Plants cannot make direct use of nitrogen gas. Plants absorb nitrates, which are very soluble, from the soil. 2) Why do plants need a supply of nitrates? bb) Animals rely on plants for their supply of nitrogen compounds. Their waste products contain some of these nitrogen compounds. Name TWO waste products that contain nitrogen compounds, im a ©) When plants and animals die and decay, nitrogen compounds are released into the soil. Name TWO groups of organisms that carry out this decay process. 1 gfrogen, ) A soil with lots of air spaces will often contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Name a type of plant that has nitrogen-fixing bacteria in swellings (nodules) on their roots. ¢) Explain why nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the root nodules are valuable to farmers. 17Section A Living organisms and the environment 4) Ifa soil becomes waterlogged it contains very little or even no oxygen. in these soils denitrifying bacteria can flourish. Li Explain why farmers do not want these bacteria in their soil. To 9 Because of the nitrogen cycle, the soil in forests often remains fertile and productive for hundreds of years. Recently large areas of forest have been cut down to grow crops When this happens the cfops | often become poor quality after a few years. a) Suggest why the soil in a forest can remain fertile for hundreds of years. | . ) Explain why this loss of fertility happens. e a. Q ©) Explain why such a crop area is often abandoned and new areas of forest ar= cut down. | 10 2) Explain why the flow of carbon and nitrogen through the envissn=sen* a= described as cycles. j 18