DIGESTIVE Sy8TEM LHfinition ef cligestiva aystem : Digutive system by diffned as tia prow by which food ws broken down Pnip smalk clumieat substance that can be Absonbed asa rutnition+ Functions of oligestfve system : Connumption ef food Aubstanas - Bouaking tum nto smalt porrtidtrs . Transport ef rma pan tte to lif f mau aan of diigartive tract: Gacration of meccemary enayyme .- Digution of good port Absonption ef digestive products - Removal ef unwauted Aabstances from tts body. Hegeatve Bngawr : we or Clamifying them into a. Paimory aigestive organs Secondary dligative OngansNimoy Aigetive Brgans a, Meuth , Phoagme A Xsophagus . ‘Stomach, amatt ntatine . Sarge fntaafine Secondary cltgestive Ongans (or) ACCMDIY digutive ‘Digans : | Lecth , tongue, AUN aN glands, @rXoC rng Ports of Pancreas , Uvan amd galt blaclely Layers : Muu Layer Sub- mucus Sayer Murutar Layer fibnows Layer Mucus Loyer: Tt & tle Inner most Layer of the GI tract: TH ts abo cated gastre Intestinal mucora Cor) mucus membrane. Sub muw layer: Sub mawsr layer prevent fn att pol? of G7 fnact erupt mouth and phanynm Musuar layer: Musakar Lay er Present io Lips. chuks and wat ef Phwaynn- eee | Fibvous lo Oato Atomach ‘wtotine Narve 80 Tato Ix Tutatuate Jt movemer Exintwst Syn fib: pe diyistow ‘Innerva SalivaryT | Ftbrous layer | Outsamosl Layer Tt war LS prmalk Inter tine Tt ds ats tolled fibroro of Gi tract Jonge us + Atomach , ood | ptomach aceuspry Guts tine Narva Supply Tutatate naave apply unds, @oCrFne nave’ rupphy . yall blacker : [xtn?waic CU Myeutytc vanve) Tutetuste = Te wutrors ob He secretion and rnovement ef Gt tract - | | Extntwate nerve: Sympathetic & pare sympathetic ‘nanve firs Poth aympathatTe Pore agmpatheric of the diyistows of atonomic aenvaurs aystem stro intextinal fnnevvate Gt tract: Salivary secrrtion : tional anatomy ef mouth + fn abl pols Fuw A phanyne Mouth in Otterwise, knaon % oral | conf ty cor) buccal cowihy vam. | peut doomed hake «te ond palateTE amcloses 4eeth 5 longue ond, Salivary glands f ative fuice ywewsent 10 the . : 4 Mouth i Arakivea which & or cuted by ty Solin a q lands Functions of Mouth : Mos tication ( Cleming) Toste Speech. Appeanence . EX Passions Breathing . Sativany glands ; Baluwayy 5 ore Binoy Aalvary glandy af Major - panos glancts Bute mcneti tet glancls Sub = dingeal gtany, SEES Clow typ Sinminoy - | (tn gual mucus glands . Lingual see glanols . bucccet gla nels labial g lands patater glances :| Classi fication of dolivany glavda 3 Sativany glewds on clawyfisd Suto qooue typs, baed om te type of section. Snowy glauols : Snow glands one mainky made up of Aamo cis. Thase glands aremte thin aud worry Soliva. ponvtid glands omd Lugual. glauas an Ww Amu glanobs . Mucus glands : Mucus glands one mainly ae up of mus cle - Thee glands am “grcmt thick, Viscous paliva with igh mutin content Hoguak mus glands » buccal glands ont Patated glands batong to this type Mixed Ghlands! Mind glaudas ant mada up of both Acad | amd mucus cela. Sub moudibulan, Bublivgual | eo elaod tabiat glavida wae te nud glovdy. 9, ¢ Saks Shui and Duct asysters of VON gy Sallivery Glands oe OF AVE. Exel, Aims % Amal group ef culls qobulon vohiel, cowlty : us CoMti nuns Te fie duct draiuin Tuten codoted duct . i ou 9 each, toge than 40 orm Vebvalobutan ducts daria” white uwite to of te gland A Jlaud Stmuctwu amd duct STacem ore form type f Maumore Sn tu formed, by atu 4ormed by a SU OUUd a ceutral Central towity of each vite With fue Lumen ef tHe dit Many 4° Tutencatated dus ‘wivalobulan duct. Few J" to dorm ¢ with diy systems a attad acinus alot duc! imturteb the main ¢ bunch ef oP?) h{pe of | Prwpurtin “Prop hu Volume : | Pa day 1m | mir Redotion & Aight Specific q 1.01Q Tertcity ci Cormpoaiti Mix 0.5-]- 0Powpuriian and composition of ‘Saliva : Proprntay Volume: jovoml to isopml ef Saliva vw aevretrd Pen day omd ib oA approvtinatety about . I mt[ min. Re@otion «Mioud Sativa Ynom or the g lava & slightly acidic. with pH of 6-35 lo 6 -8e Specific gravity: Tr smoges betwen 002 anf 1.012. Tenicity ! Saliva wb Maypotonre tho pianinna- Composition of @ativa: ~ Minuol aativa ‘contains 99.5-)-- watin and 0.5: ]+ adkidls- Fuuctious of Sala. “Poup aration of food for Swallowing Appsuctatton of torte. Diquative Auction - chsamolng amd Povo lective functions Pole Tw Apach Excutony fuuttion, Reg wlation a] Booky te perature — Regulation Fels wales 1 faceRegulation ef <9 ni lty felony onsen Hava Weputa ted Outs by Venvous mechani vlna LVL owotvel tay qty ‘ we beada Nout eappay clo nativansy Jlavols hivony syloutely ans snp Med by otk Pmrtvonetbetio ool oympotbedtic, Of Monomers AYSL ery Prmrasgropethetic fibans Porarympathe lig Arba avd ub Angquay glauols , ‘ PMmorampa thetic. Pre Submeclibutan and {210m {le to AY broandkibulan J9P9 Lionte. fi baw to Hub Luguak glands axis: AEP VM Jaki Wartoguy sltwuted tn pons Aftan NU cleus , taking Prreg °"79 Monte Whois, Jer gdinn | {aaah rane, Ona? yer “bin Muckenn y (ls Jin 4 fib sue Ahowugh nseivay, Ri, Wulong, mio ake Vas ™o 107 {i fous af i Chonda tympant tag eh Omnd hnanch @ foviad Kanye ered boanch of trigeminal ninug mach tu gy 1 garghiou Pappy the Sina WiMansy gangliouie MAN Gorn Aled Ju J 4 “steel regula Vou of Pohiy | Avi ni ow, Manel Mary arra} Fubeugu Paria Ayrny Pang tportotidl AU Clea, 70 dala, Pom ‘thro ge Hola Aonan Ps Joragtion Pont ae Poming , Sw mauel Fuuctiouy 3timul Solivany with Lea becuune tla adno urs 4 amount ° Lass ThesubSiagual glauca Pariaaympathetic fibou qo parotid Glaud « Porasympathelic preganglionic {iw te | posiotid glaud amine 4 ‘ingen aki T gla in {nom femion vader, Duclew StHuated tm the uppan pot of nedalla oblongata » From Aun, the tbo “Poms ‘Through le tymPp auic bnauch of Lo Sophy U gs sop anyngeok nenve, Eympaure pL and Auer patyoral nanve and and in otic gougton . Portgaughionrce fibeu anise from tes gaugtion amd supply the porrotid glaud by posing through aurviulo temporal brouel Bn moavdipular diiaim of tnigemi nal nywe . Fuuctious of Panasympatlatic fibae : ef parasympatticti c xfibuw of of Aalva Ti iv Stimulation Balivory glauda Causes aecretion with Lange aroun ty of wate - because We parranympa atic ‘fibuus ativab tla adnan «atta amd dilate the blood vamuls of Sadevory gloudka - Bowsvart.). the Arnount of onganic consti fuenta in aaliva uw 4 tus. The heurol auamitlin acaty chokeSympathetic Pibaws! 7 ' yer { eagangtionts, fibam ty anise, 790 Tee Laon oid second thomacic sympatletic J salivery glawds Aromms of 4oust segments ef spinal cond . Tu fibrus hy) tig cond through the autanion name root» oud andl Su Aupaniont convical goat of Ha sympatlatic chair Postganglioie {ibe aniae doom ‘a geugiion omd ome dinturbul Latnitound spo Hu Aoalwony gharcle alovg vita vane Plows, around the ontarits supplying te Glauds . Fuuctiow ef Sympathetic fibans etimulation ef, Bympattetic Libs cause! sroution of Sativa, Which & thick and ote iu ongowic comstibursnts suck ax wweud a Jt do became , thane fraw adivate acinar calls ord tame Varocowsini von Th. Wurotrausrittin ts nonadne nati Ve Apphid pruyiokogy : Hyposalivation : Reduction iw tte AQOUtION of ya tld Auyposatvation Tr ap J sania ! Ham, ; Awo +yPe" ay Femponary hyperativatiey, i wn “prnenauenst! Ww 1) “Tem pon Emoti Fouen Sedy ay parma Fal tov Sabvany gle pa Hy parsakival fxcams Aaypanaosin at wlan ype Rypen sive cathd pryed si alond Hyper spartrelagica n Pee pew growth clue to ww eudingsoi en prrmnouraart! Mayporatin mio VY “Tarn ponasuy Auyporakivablow ee Smotiousl couditiow, Uiee {ean Foven Daday der ahou ay Psnmawnt Auyponasi vation pce, int Moroiitiorn lobstnuction of Adivany duct) . tougevital alseuc. ov hypoploria ef Sokivoruy grands - Bul Polny ( panasys ds of facrah Vaan). Hy paraakivation : frem ancnetion of sotiva oe known ov Aragprnaodin Gio Me « PAuyprodogi cab one mie Jraspan 2odiiva Ov Olcurs Pegowy Hy pin sabvatiow iw porhologicah touditiovn b Aes pryodiorn , Bialogua Sialiam on Ai oIDAD - Hypinsafivation oc iw the following “pariaologicad coud fous * 1 Deeay of footy on wWwoPplasm (abnormal ‘nell growth py tamor) in moputh an tongus clu. to wntinucus wuilation ef news Cudivgs ™ He mouth,apis saae a, epphagun »stomach ond wntuties s Acura bogical Avondew such as crubral Poby . mental suetandation tavbrak sim amd parkmaoniain. 4) Some Paycholagical and paycldatric Couditiow - BY Nausea amd Vomibing :CEL INTRODUCTION: Definition ; AU ate diving biugs arn comporeal of enita A singh cau ty the Amattiat anil thal haa a the chanactanistics of Life. Col w &fiud as the Atmuctuval ond functional aust af te Bring body Haman body commutes aloud trillion calls Typas ef calls: Ten ou thre yp of calla . RBC Mus che crtta Tr tastinad Us Struckune of cals [eqs axsume ov °9g) Qutsn meombrave cytoplasm Nu chou cs8f membrane: (Plo mo mem brour? CU membrana wm om aanetiol compowma of fie tall » Povo diug Aepanationbetwee the Sndvgctinlan omd — ontracaile amvironment + “Thay an compored of Mpa, prota amd Ceoihohy etnaten Ty this article we shalt considey 1. main fuuctiras of tla cit membnave, tte iow of membraws omad clivical Lamps. toucdtiows ih which a porlim of tw. eit membraut- v abnormal Thickwus fret am cytoplasm: Caaaur rubstaucd cuily Th comnts of voriaty of omd Dilun ab tancts gavin Rough endoplarmic svcti atlum gmooth endoplasmic regia Giodgi apparatus Jyporoms aro noms Cantyosom Mitochondria Ri bosom es ute skelton Nuch . Endoploarmic rut Fndopiaan tubular a \ Arnis wh s1Bikr amolwun | Th ow gun sabia Rough moo Rough encopla “lara t Smooth onde Sy appara’{ont racatttay d of Up, | ronsicey, the mbna, te slimical of te eat culty et lam Dias Endoplosmic guticutum : Frectoplasmic sc tiautaun ds a vctwork af tubular and miaonomal vesicular atmuctarrs wie are hatenconnected worth vide “omvthwr + Tr dy aw type sf ovigauelte made up qwo aabauita - Rough endo ploamic., gueticectum Smooth endo plasmic suticulum - Rough encloplasmic prebicutum: | Thu in a forge noel wtibosomes ° | syuthuie of pot 2 4 endoplaamic uti cutum : Smoot Lipids amd atenoids - | gyi of Tt le alo catted calcium fous Rok iv eadtulerr metabolam - Sancopl amie. naticutin parodies Golgi apparatus ‘ appanat as Con Grog’ body Con) Golgi cro) ~ pound ongauette, compu wa membrane pour Oy Sawiwrh I the procming ef posi=> Func hous: Mitechond Poweasing + Packaging » Aabeling aud " chtivay of Peidw ema Sipic . % Mm & Lysosome ; ota ane bout Lysvsome cn tue mem brasar - bound with a + varicatan ongaudte found Almoughout tls | oud in } enper tion ey teplasm Ha enzymes peusent Su We Ay aonom cAassicall one cold Lyrosomad Arg dor ody tc ennyy me of Mee meofonity Prronisomes : uP ence Prnrorsomn an micstabodiis are she eT membrane Lmitad vash cla Bice te Lysonmns Unlike Ayposomes 5 Penorisomes ant pinched off Ribosomi fro endoplaamie retiadum and not from tu Rib gulgi eeppanatusy Prroriaome contain some Limiting Onidative 2yyme eu os catoleses urate grew ouidare omd D-amine acid onidase - cd with a Centrosome omd cemtnioiu: mace «ep Camivosome Ss the membrane - bound | nifbonae niboarm cxdiatan onganate. pituatd almost in te Te wusab Cabin Of Mh cose to nucleus Ribo nom A two cadindalcah Structure — cote cout | ; U J . sya tbon Us which ane, mack cp of pore tata - Gumi ve ane suaponstbde fen fi, movement of | chan ; iis Br obor es cucu cet clviston | eeRabeling aud pic ie Dust tA embraur bound jhmougheut the su tte lyse eM ay ant the uke t Agavsom yme Thee Lays aomuy) ant pinched off nd not from te ntain Some urate brave - bound UA Ceetincd tat aa unt mn it cintr % Amoat ta the vo ws ts coutai obs | wots Mitochondria s Tes Aw the Power howe e( te até Mitechenclia (singalan | mrteckoudesion) ane cdouth membraut. pound extt orga nus af ves -3 ur, They aM with a nypial xi found th moat mammalian ett, wilh Up tatele expections Treluctiug mature actyy th ve ty $44 c Rossier lly TJs Ac wv We "power house of Alec catt “ ‘they an the site of the vo, Aue synth amd cou theuf ome mojonity {uuttion both eu onceptionatty im portant to microscopically , Ribosomes: Ribosomes are The 07, membraus «jhe Ongansllrr ane ganstis without limiting qrawelon and amatt dot. Milke atructwus With a aliamelan of Imm . Ribosomes ans macle up Of 35+). protein omd os-/. of nibonuckic acid CRNA)” RNA Pausent 4n cali mbosomat Pwd (kw). nibepoms 1 with pactin Pibonomes we CP neuned fy at bans in the colle