Module I Technology for Teaching and Learning I

Unit 1 – Introduction to Technology for Teaching and Learning

1. ICT Competency Standards for Philippine Pre – Service Teacher Education

2. Understanding the Basic Concepts in ICT

3. Roles of ICT in Teaching for Learning

Learning Outcomes:
 Identified the competency standards of ICT for teaching and learning in pre-
service teacher education.
 Unpacked the basic concepts of ICT to provide common understanding for
teachers and learners.
 Valued the use of ICT in the teaching and learning process

Pre- work for the Chapter

Look at the two pictures below. What does picture A show of the teacher? What
about picture B?

Picture A Picture B
Teacher with Traditional Technology Teacher with Digital Technology

Who is better equipped to handle the 21 st century learners? Teacher A or Teacher B?

Why? Which of the two teachers would you like to become when you graduate? Why?

Give reasons for choosing Picture A:

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Give reasons for choosing Picture B:

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Introduction

The Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT):

Educational technology is the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning

and improving performance by creating, using and managing appropriate technological
processes and resources.

The Encyclopedia of Educational Technology:

Educational technology is a systematic, iterative process for designing instruction

or training used to improve performance.

Michael Spector

Educational Technology involves the disciplined application of knowledge for the

purpose of improving learning, instruction and/or performance.

Edtech’s [educational technology’s] definition has evolved over the years as a

variation of ways of dealing with learning processes (2), a conceptual framework (9),
theory and practice (5), and the latest study and ethical practices of dealing with
technological processes and resources (1). [8]

1963

Audiovisual communications are the branch of educational theory and practice

concerned with the design and use of messages which control the learning process. It
undertakes: (a) the study of the unique and relative strengths and weaknesses of both
pictorial and nonrepresentational messages which may be employed in the learning
process for any reason; and (b) the structuring and systematizing of messages by men
and instruments in an educational environment. These undertakings include planning,
production, selection, management, and utilization of both components and entire
instructional systems. Its practical goal is the efficient utilization of every method and
medium of communication which can contribute to the development of the learners’ full
potential.

1972

Educational technology is a field involved in the facilitation of human learning

through systematic identification, development, organization and utilization of a full
range of learning resources and through the management of these processes.

1977

Educational technology is a complex, integrated process involving people,

procedures, ideas, devices and organization for analyzing problems and devising,
implementing, evaluating and managing solutions to those problems involved in all
aspects of human learning.

1994

Instructional technology is the theory and practice of design, development,

utilization, management and evaluation of processes and resources for learning.

Based from in the Definition of Educational Technology

Educational Technology is “a complex, integrated process involving people,

procedures, ideas, devices and organization for analyzing problems and devising,
implementing, evaluating and managing solution to those problems, involved in all
aspects of human learning.”

Other terms that associated with educational technology

 Technology in education
 Instructional Technology
 Technology integration in education books, educational media

Technology in Education
 “The application of technology to any of those processes involved in operating
the institutions in which house the educational enterprise. It includes the
application of technology to food health, finance, scheduling, grade, reporting
and other processes which support education within institution.”
Instructional Technology
 Is a part of Educational Technology
 Refers to those aspects of educational technology that “are considered with
instruction as contrasted to designs and operations of education institutions.”

Technology Integration
 “Means learning technologies to introduce reinforce, supplement and extend
skills”
 “Technology is a part and parcel of instructional technology, which in turn is a
part of educational technology.”

Educational technology is the use of technological tools to improve education, It is a

systematic process for designing instruction or training used to improve performance. It
facilitates the learning processes and increases performance. In the 21st Century
technological advances has exploded. Schools have not been left out in these
advancements. Classroom technology has become increasingly more popular. Each
tool provides teachers with a method in which they can actively engage their students.
These tools or devices are Internet, LCD Projector, Smart Board, Laptop or Computer,
Digital Camera, Tablets, etc. These can help students to make lessons fun, interesting,
and more effective.

Using technology reduces the workload and helps students to understand subject
better. Essentially it is also driving the way that teachers teach, and students learn.
Technology based learning and assessment systems will be pivotal in improving student
learning and generating data that can be used to continuously improve the education
system at all levels.

Technology: Boon or Bane?

Technology becomes a bane when the student, who surfs the internet, look for
unsavory subjects. The abuse and misuse of the internet will have far reaching
unfavorable effects on life. Allowing the students to surf the internet does not
necessarily mean that all the things that they are going to discover are good for their
mind and studies.
Understanding the Basic Concepts in ICT

Information and communications technology (ICT) is an extensional term

for information technology (IT) that stresses the role of unified communications and the
integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals) and computers,
as well as necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage, and audiovisual
systems, that enable users to access, store, transmit, and manipulate information.
Let us explore various resources to have a clear understanding of this lesson. Let us
unpack some concepts and terms related to technology for teaching and learning.
Here are some terms and Concepts that you need to know and understand.

1. Technology refers to a mix of process and product used in the application of

knowledge. It includes tools from pencil and paper to the latest electronic
gadgets and tools for practical task.

2.  Information and Communication Technology and Literacy or ICT

Literacy is the use of digital technology, communication tools and/or networks to
access, manage, integrate, evaluate, create and communicate information in
order to function in a knowledge society (Guro 21, 2011).

3.  Educational Technology refers to the use of technology in and learning.

Educational technology includes both the non-digital (flip charts, pictures,
models, realias, etc.). and digital (electronic tools: hardware, software and
connections, etc.).
4.  Digital Literacy is the ability to find, evaluate, utilize, share and create contents
using information technologies and internet (Cornell University). According to
American Library Association (2018), digital literacy is the ability to use
information and communication, requiring both cognitive and technical skills
(https:// edweek.org. download 06-03-18).

5.  Digital learning is any type of learning that is accompanied by technology or by

instructional practice that makes effective use of technology. It encompasses the
application of a wide spectrum of practices which included blended or virtual
learning. It can come as online or off-line which utilizes digital technology.

6. Online digital tools and Apps use an Internet connection to access the

information needed. A common example is Skype. It is a telecommunication
application software product that specializes in providing a video chat and video
calls between computers, tablets, mobile devices via Internet and to regular
telephones.
7.  Off-line digital tools and Apps can still be used even if there is no internet
access. Among these are Canary Learning, Pocket, Evertone, ibooks, KA LITE
(Gupta, Prinyaka, 2017) downloaded in edtech review (July 03, 2017).

8.  Instructional technology is the theory and practice of design, development,

utilization, management, and evaluation of the processes and resources for
learning (Association for Educational Communications and Technology, Seels,
B.B. &Richey, P.C. 1994).
9.  Software refers to program control instructions and accompanying
documentation stored on disks or tapes when not being used in the computer. By
extension, the term refers to audiovisual materials (Smaldino, 2005).

10. Multimedia is a sequential or simultaneous use of a variety of media formats in a

given presentation or self-study program (Smaldino, 2005).

11. Internet is a massive network of networks, a networking infrastructure. It

connects millions of computers together globally, forming a network in which any
computer can communicate with any other computer as long as they are
connected to the internet. It is generally defined as a global network connecting
millions of computers (http://www.webopedia.com).

12. World Wide Web (www) is also called a Web which is a graphical environment
on computer networks that allows you to access, view and maintain
documentations that can include text, data, sound and videos (Smaldino, 2005).
 It is a way of accessing information over the medium of the internet. It is an
information sharing model that is built on top of the Internet.

13. Web access is the ability of the learner to access the Internet at any point during
the lesson in order to take advantage of the array of available education
resources.

14.  Webquest is an inquiry-oriented lesson format in which most or all information

that learners work with comes from the web. These can be create using various
programs, including simple word processing documents that include links to
websites.

15. Productivity tools refers to any type of software associated with computers and
related technologies that can be used as tools for personal, professional or
classroom productivity.
Examples: Microsoft Office, Apple Works – word processing, grade and record keeping,
web page production, presentation) (KFIT-Unesco 2016).
16. Technology tool is an instrument used for doing work. It can be anything that help
you accomplish your goal with the use of technology. These technology tools can be
classified as:
a) Data/Calculation tools.
Examples: spreadsheets, Excels, Sketchpads, probability constructor

b) Design tools. These are used to make models and design, creating and building.
Included here are Family Tree Maker, GollyGee, and Crazy Machines among others.

c) Discussion tools. There are 4 different approaches that utilize discussion and

interaction in the Internet. These are threaded discussion forum, Blogging, Live chat
and Video Teleconferencing, Netiquette and Safety on the Net.
d) Email tools. Emails are great communication tools for sending messages,
photographs, videos and other files. It allows you to reach out to others around the
world.
Examples are google mail, Ymail, Yahoo mail and many more.

e) Handheld devices. Handheld devices have become popular among learners. These
include Personal Digital Assistants, global positioning system, (GPS) and geographic
Information system (GIS) in the classroom, Portable electronic keyboards, Digital
cameras, Mobile phones, Palm, Handheld computers.

17.Webquest is a teacher structured research experience for the students that is

primarily based on use of the World Wide Web and typically takes one or more
instructional periods (Bender & Waller, 2011).

18. Blog is an online journal where posted information from both teachers and students
are arranged. There are three kinds of blogs: blogs used for communication, blogs used
for instruction, and blogs used for both (Ferriter & Garry, 2010).
19. Wiki, an editable website usually with limited access, allows students to
collaboratively create and post written work or digital files, such as digital photos or
videos. Wikipedia is one of the most widely recognized of all the wikis (Watters, 2011).

20. Flipped classroom utilizes a reverse instructional delivery, where the teacher is

required to use the web resources as homework or out of class activity as initial
instruction of the lesson which will be discussed during class time.

21. Podcast is a video or audio multi-media clip about a single topic typically in the
format of the radio talk show. The two basic functions of a podcast are to retrieve
information to disseminate information (Eash, 2006).
22. Google Apps is a cloud-based teaching tool which is stored in the Google server
and is available for students both at home and in school. It includes the gmail, a free-
mail for all; Google calendar – a tool used for organizational purposes; Google sites that
provide options for developing blogs and wikis; and Google docs is used for
sophisticated word processing and editing for the document.

23. Vlog is a video blog where each entry is posted as a video instead of the text.

24. Facebook is a popular social networking site used by students and adults

worldwide to present information on themselves and to the world.
25. VOIP (voice over internet protocol) is a category of hardware and software that
enables people to use the Internet as transmission medium for telephone calls by
sending voice data in packets using IP rather than traditional circuit transmission.

 
Task I: Let’s Explore (Write it on a clean sheet of paper. Copy and answer)
1. These are only few of the many terms found in our world cloud. Explore in the
web or reference book how other terms are defined and understood. You can
also go over the Module and discover that there are many terms that we have not
included in the list.
2. Make a glossary of terms of at least 20 ICT- related terms with each having a
conceptual or operational definition or description. Cite the source of your
definition.

Examine
1. How best did you learn about the different concepts in ICT?
A. By memorizing the definition verbatim from the definition
B. By understanding the first the meaning and memorizing
C. By memorizing first, then understanding the meaning
D. A and B
2. When did educational technology become part of teacher’s conversation in a
learning action cell (LAC) with their peers?
A. During the digital age with the use of computers
B. After World War 2, when they were many inventions
C. During the 21st Century when there was a digital superhighway
D. During the time instructional support materials were used
3. What is the fastest way to find the meaning of a word in the Webster?
 A. Ask a friend in the library
B. Text the teacher to ask
C. Google the word on the internet
D. Use another dictionary in the library
4. Which of the following encompasses all these concepts?
A. Technology
B. Internet
C. Computers
D. Gadgets
5. What does digital literacy imply?
I. Financial and economic literacy
II. Media and digital literacy
III. Basic literacy
IV. All of the above
A. I
B. II
C. I and II
D. I, II, and III

Roles of ICT in Teaching for Learning

As a teaching and learning together, let us explore what would be the roles
technology for teachers and teaching and for learners and learning. According to Stosic
(2015), educational technology has three domains:

1. Technology as a tutor
- technology can support the teacher to teach another person or technology, and
when programmed by the teacher it can be a tutor on its own.

2. Technology as a teaching tool

- technology is a teaching tool but can never replace a teacher. Technology is
used to facilitate and lighten the works of a teacher. It is good that a teacher can
also create or develop technological tools that are needed in the classroom.

3. Technology as a learning tool

- technology is an effective tool for learning because it makes learning easy and
effective. It can produce learning outcomes that call for technology- assisted
teaching. As a learning tool, it is very interesting that even the elderly uses these
tools for learning for life.

A. FOR TEACHERS AND TEACHING

As a tool, technology has opened wider avenues in management of resources and
management learning.
1. Technology provides enormous support to the teacher as facilitator of
learning.
- it transforms a passive classroom to an active and interactive one.

2. Technology has modernized the teaching-learning environment.

- the teachers are assisted and supplemented with appropriately structured
instructional materials for daily activities.

3. Technology improves teaching-learning process and ways of teaching.

- it makes the act of teaching more efficient and effective.

4. Technology opens new fields in educational researches.

- the areas of teaching testing and evaluation are enhance by technologies for
teaching and learning. Current education researcher will no longer find any
difficulties because there are available programs that can analyze and interpret
the results.

5. Technology adds to the competence of teachers and inculcates scientific

outlook.
- through the utilization of theories of learning and intelligence which explained in
references uploaded in the net the teachers are encouraged to imbibe skills to
source these information with speed and accuracy.

6. Technology supports teacher professional development

- the availability of technology provides alternative way of attending professional
development online. Trainers, facilitators, or organizers can level up or enhance
their delivery system with the help of technologies.

B. FOR LEARNERS AND TEACHING

1. Support learners to learn how to learn on their own.

All teachers fully understand that subject matter or content is a means to achieve
the learning outcomes.
There are three (3) categories of knowledge according to Egbert (2009).
A. DECLARATIVE KNOWLEDGE
 - consist of discrete pieces of information that answers the questions what,
who, when, and where.

B. STRUCTURAL KNOWLEDGE
- consist of facts or pieces of declarative knowledge put together to attain
 some form of meaning.
- it can be presented by concept maps, categorization and classification.

C. PROCEDURAL KNOWLEDGE
- Also known as knowledge in action or the knowledge of how to do
something. It is based on facts but learned through the process of procedural
knowledge.
- Procedural knowledge is indicated by a performance task or graphical
representation of a concept.

2. Technology enhances learners communication skills thru social

interactions.
According to Shirly (2003) in Egbert (2009) there  are three (3) basics
communication patterns.
Point to point two-way or one-to-one like internet chat, photos conversation or
even face-to-face conversation.
One-to-many outbound like a lecture, or television. There is no social interaction.
Many-to-many like group discussion, buzz session, heads together. This kind of
interaction provides opportunities for social interaction.
Social interaction occurs in two ways where the participants ask for clarification,
argue, challenge, each other and work towards common understanding.

Benefits derived from technology-supported communication.

a. Enables any teacher to guide the learners virtually and making learning
unlimited because communication and social interaction go beyond a school
day or a school environment.
b. Enhances student’s freedom to express and exchange ideas freely without
the snooping eyes of the teacher face to face.
c. Enables learners to construct meaning from joint experiences between the
two or more participants in communication.
d. Help learners to solve problems from multiple sources since there is limitless
sources of information that the teacher can direct or refer to the learners.
e. Teaches learners to communicate politeness, taking turns in sending
information and giving appropriate feedback.
f. Enhances collaboration by using communication strategies with wider
community and individuals in a borderless learning environment.
g. Develops critical thinking, problem solving and creativity throughout the
communication.

3. Technology upgrades learners higher-order thinking skills: critical

thinking, problem solving and creativity
Twenty-first century learning requires the development of higher order-thinking
skills.
   -Technology has a great role to play in the development and enhancement of
these skills.
 Critical thinking is part of the cluster of higher order thinking skills, it refers to
the ability to interpret, explain, analyze, evaluate, infer and self-regulate in order to
make good decisions. Which is the use of technology, one will be able to evaluate
the credibility of the source, ask appropriate question, become open-minded defend
a position on an issue and draw conclusion with caution. All of these competencies
are covered by Bloom's Taxonomy of analysis, Synthesis and Evaluation.

Teachers play a significant role in supporting learners with technology.

As a role model teachers should display and practice critical thinking processes,
so that the learners can imitate them. here are some ways that teachers can do to
develop critical thinking.
a. Ask the right questions
     Most often teachers ask questions to find out if the students can simply
repeat the info  from the lesson. Although these are necessary questions like
what,who,when,where, these do not develop critical thinking. CT questions
should ask for clarity, accuracy,precision,relevance,depth, breadth and logic.
b. Use Critical thinking task with appropriate level of challenge.
     Teachers should be mindful of the readiness of the students. Students
who have higher ability may find the task too easy thus getting bored early,
while those who have low ability may find the task too difficult.

Creativity is characterized as involving the ability to think flexibly, fluently,

originally and elaborately.

 Flexibly means able to use many points of view while, fluently means able
to generate many ideas. Originally implies being able to generate new ideas
and elaborately means able to add details.

7 Creative Strategies (Obsorn,1963)

1. Substitute – find someone else to replace to do what it does.

2. Combine - blend two things that do not usually go together.
3. Adapt - look for other ways this can be used.
4. Modify/magnifying/minify - make a change,enlarge,decrease.
5. Put to another use - find other uses.
6. Eliminate - reduce, remove
7. Reverse - turn upside-down inside out, front-side back

Task II: Experience as a Learner

1. Write a paragraph about your personal experience on how technology has
influenced your life as a learner from elementary, high school (Senior high) and
 college.

How Technology Influenced My Life as a Learner

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Task III: Experience as a Learner

2. Write a paragraph on how you are going to use technology when you will
become a teacher?

How will I use Technology When I Become a Teacher?

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Task IV: On the web

Look for articles in the world wide web that tells about the roles of technology in
teaching and learning.
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REFLECTION II: The Educational Technology 1 serves some of the important details
for the learners to become more familiar, more oriented, more aware, and to become
more skillful in learning using technology. Learners reflect the way they act from what
they have learned.
(On a clean sheet of paper, write your reflection paper.)

The rubric below will be used to grade the students' work.

CRITERION STANDARD

Topic-Responsiveness 10 – discusses the issue clearly and replies to all components o

 the activity;

8 – properly discuss the topic, but may answer more effectively to

Score:_____/10 some areas of the task than others

7 – discusses the subject, but may gloss over some details.

5 – shows a lack of understanding of the issue or omits crucia

components of the activity

4 – indicates a lack of understanding of the task or a relevan

response to the issue.
Communication of Ideas 10 – delves deeper into the issues, demonstrating a solid
understanding of the material; goes beyond the apparent or
discussion (module)

8 – demonstrates thought depth and complexity

Score:_____/10
7 – may approach the issue in a basic or repetitive manner; does
not show adequate grasp of the text

5 – lacks concentration, thinks in a jumbled or unsophisticated

manner, or fails to explain concepts
4 – is unorganized, unfocused, irrational, or nonsensical
Organization 10 – is well-organized (i.e., stays on topic), with well-supported
ideas and justifications.

8 – is well-organized and developed, with relevant justifications

and instances

Score:_____/10 7 – is well-organized and developed, with arguments and instances

to back up main points.

5 – is disorganized and/or underdeveloped; lacks textual support

4 – is underdeveloped; offers little or no useful assistance

Control of Mechanics, Sentence 10 – is often free of grammatical, usage, and sentence structure
Structure, Grammar, Spelling mistakes.

8 – has a few mechanical, use, and sentence construction issues.

7 - may contain some faults, but exhibits overall command o

Score:_____/10 mechanics, language, and sentence structure.

5 – is hampered by a slew of grammatical, usage, and sentence

structure mistakes.

2 - has significant and persistent faults in word choice, mechanics

 usage, and sentence structure.

References:
https://educationaltechnology.net/definitions-educational-technology/#:~:text=Educational
%20technology%20is%20the%20study,1%5D
https://lesson-2-undestanding-the-basic-concept-in-ict.fandom.com/wiki/
Lesson_2:_Understanding_the_basic_concepts_in_(Information_and_Communication_Technolog
y)ICT
https://buendiajl.blogspot.com/2019/12/roles-of-technology-for-teaching-
and.html#:~:text=According%20to%20Stosic%20(2015)%2C,has%20three
%20(3)%20domains.&text=%2D%20technology%20can%20support%20the%20teacher,a%20tutor
%20on%20it's%20own.&text=%2D%20technology%20is%20a%20teaching%20tool%20but%20can
%20never%20replaced%20a%20teacher.

Prepared by: Fatima Dela Cruz

Instructor I