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    14 views83 pages

    Cncat 2

    Uploaded by

    Hari Ram

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 83
    Thesed: @ 22, i 4 MPUTER NETwoeks ynication: A er Sut eel pea | shoung/ : : fxn ing ange: of info fiom pends. tp Reteiven ” Hoough teamission madium : we) Reesivert : ae pavers (OTR ue COM. Spree Q shiction un geegrhical ce) jseor? ~ Fi 7 7 red Miao sind > veosh Vex correay, > bBog/atantd net ey oy [ ) J) eommemassese”) eo i \, ve —_ . LB ~ : me | \ | Frontach’e Bb sig (Bete Rey pass . 4 Re_ on hortect et) 3 wesiad” uh paceet esuuvet Hew (age Sn meres audio in Sit hae te te enethat HOE) yw Componente: - 7 Rute 1 Rule 2 Protocals or" * i ean Reubes a y > Musoge Cornmmun i cated / dn or. data, thet aw trombmitteal, siete x Forms msg: 4 Teer Audio 2 No. S- Micuo. 3 Senge, D Senco Deriice that “und yo suck manage a coud —sendt « tg: laptop (eompurvi) , Hobie, > Remote , , Keyboosid ete, (3) eaves 4 peor or baystion which Receives the msg. Ahi Monitor , Radio-rx, te. » Fromb ausion mucin + + _——— Sr us a phytieat pax to fronton yew Ge Optical Sle. . Coastal“ cable ste, . ye. BD). tote » drow : ‘ as aggrament b]to conan cn ieaditng- davies’, without | pretecel , fre deniers cannot ne comm unt eate , Se of Ruluy Trak gover communi cot. “Text - pene St ub converted to binary. code with hulp of AselT ov unicode, on + 2 os or 32 bit rt eas Nuendo: eh Se a some No. ub duxectly convert tp ‘bmoy & gun daansmitted + a, drags: a. oF converted, to bina by wag pixels. . Black 3 while. : Lye Is 4 t bie forrnat i pe vow < On 08 © ans Rae wn JS ae Oe ose Vo i I, & bik forma aye what ' ie ag Audio! York Representa af rote ors o Th cb tones — ar gras. + Ceovestied by sneostcg Sound 5 uidios ; * Reneartence 4% feapanee of og (Frommes} Data. p pee ee 1 Simplex — > [geedn}——>[[Re J (Uddbtection) segi- Radio a \ Fat cluplex Tv vemote 3: Far duplex . (Senctr serds, © © ; Re veesivefe)) Dupe me ob a time. (Sendit & Rx con zen but One or a tm) “gir Walkie Tatkie Segal =. Both Send a ¢ a — Reeve at aha Some g 0 Hire ggie Mobile proms tyetwork: ivV—o~n ‘Conection of dewiers ae Conmmnunicacting. with vtaen. cota , Huwoughl es dikes a 4 Tork ue sdivieusl, to roa amo) qnustipe. mashinth, (Diasas 2 congo) Tromsit time }-— Report tiene cp 1 Pasformancs any factors yee & eatenitty Throughput: oyu Br Srewitye ns | Dara Network vdieo t vo Fi Frannit timt Fim token to treunsmit dere, por ently, te RR ‘Resporse fine! Noe Sendwig me veyuest = 2 replying. back time. to Ne- af woos 1, Gaetan Hw 2 So: BG yutwork , vid Moftnee ee ; oa Throughput = a SND. of bits, troewmek Be Fite aot soma. pot unk few Delo Too ada i expected ime: : Achiol Delay = Geteedaded — Goleadodind Qe Reliability > / “ dh ub eo, with - fey ok 4p yeenvest, bowe, dem fees 3: Secret . Potecting Hr yer aah Unowtioriaad dee i Rew, | Damoge Ly Hanan pil code which of perks tte system « VIRUS . Waal Anforvaosion Perouse wridot Sarge a ee ttt ey < 1 Point i Poink Lonnect” ; 6 5 BF ah se Ardicatid, epon. tjus Verb 2 ty 2 dre a Muwtpotne ery Fnwsileds | po ee wos” a - Shovud by OL the Aryinch, | © Shaalgy on agree apadaing or a | _ der pol : wy on pore L bamd von ins $y Woy the namwgrk oh all php gta ee epee 2 wore deus su conmetid 40 v7 ne Japology.. se ep eee | | icmaetdp pk, like | Heaciu: stata, dewtad. Oombinad” oR topology at, Mgbrid. 1 Mahe 7 Foch deuien uh dtu nctwork ib connected oe nowy. oft eee . 1 f ih nes a ned to Aiaies 1P4(MA) no ™ Dor] *: 34 | some. « Yoh) 524 Zs 5(y=2> ae ate, OD? Ke i uni = n(n) Su N = 5(4) 20 k= * oi OA 6 OO ‘ sr 8 Aaviers , coleslote > tomnidyt muh topology rar wwe eB wale Be mh port scoqpvud uni — > aired 2 HD = 2 a a diner sive a mo of Samed = atD = 5 Bi Pore rh ests pnt . re ee fer : panes ak 1 Dedicated Linky — trafic ond VR One” tink unibable —?.!pot apfacr othey 8. Secu ce ed Se Faw sedafatiod / feast depletion i. > Dabadrantogas i. care tosh ub expensive, & High no. of To porb, and too mush Cabling, 3. Buk of. cabling, Fach devi rom 2” duditatd phe to ph tonn: Ula du Conia” Conbiotlant —cafiad, ahs + No much tropic — tach veg oe OUirerthay, tonvurled,. + Controwy —$ ob ov txchange usken 2 dew Ca comm unending ; Sate celery ey he area * lus sxpowive — dian mash” 4 Sutautab” / contig a ag vate gt & x Reburtned ; ¥ . ; poy sluts an ov cable a nob abport Me ofhast dasicon’ commu. ° (esrb conteot) + Folk seentifieat” / Foust isolad” toa. * Seowsd rebut * Adee vb ou of control Han prtive « Move cable Yan Sg. wane gruak — connnels gre Malad, oe the reohwerk. «Top purchway the Aherting, vai ale. Tan 2 Modifying He Invi evppor cable. a BREE ore. iB, + Matipot ne * Deopetiws /taye Adv > & fasy iw tottat” x Pavkbone cole can be connected un on efticient palit. bebe tabling wham mush , Aboot. Disode 4, Diggit steconfig?/ sfoutt wb ofat * af. to odd rw duaize, LB Signet iin — tap = dagtadal” Sa opality, « « He we modify > Signal Qyiatity -» veluerd, * ~— Backbone Anmagey ~ lb idy Atope. 4H we odd vow duter, -tntie | 7 4 puhwowk yo Mop the working fer dome tre, 4. Ring topobogy + Signsts oye pews prom are to dunt vin a. ving fosrion- # Repeownr PS ante Ly oad goes fovenditg the Aiqnal Cosvupig, oabu. © Decli cate Heated Heonnecds on phe nods | : Signal ube ported ih vi 4 om ve fort / : ; ing thi until itp fay . era S Fang Cnitouta™ 2 conti : i ae LP tito Be ee? Fou idantifieat cay, s/t ~ alone. Deodv. co = + Dridivoct tretpi yt + "Break, — dl vg mig ned 7 K sono ackno , le rae am Co / if nok, ty is some 5 te re ee pee > E ee ee —_ end wong ts , “5. Hybrid topology +” 3 Combinat” 4 any thpdegif-: ao &- Cro Be Baus ST a {| Z a5 ot Ss $ wf vente ten op Ue ag grogehien: coverge Sgt Dap : — ‘focal Area Networr, ole wie 8h titel — Metropolitan nn - ( dntrone®), ‘ withiw povtieulos awa. in, WR puiv owned » —> connicts — ome —rostt pe vey ee optyer 5 builting ov tam pus. * each dlaviee Bs oe adldners ey ors vdiaksr , based Cap adaitve) on thal, we cont communica & Hott 2 s + ae mea Co ® eusitn oak . cf t E pipsal Se ceomsad ® tonal” og | uiceb K Bvide geegephicl spar , Apamery Town, i) O dot, o country, by even world, 4 wan indixeonnects tonnucting , dusters, uch aa. Touters, switcher , medio. : a atta es can by consuatan 1s. | Computes, eee : Man: Gout than Lan, bs than WAN, oe Nefwerk ovailale un fom cites. Protocol uh a th + sus That fue tommeni eaiion. pai ‘Loi 5° plows which” ail? uid for perprre Arun Comimibrieations jub. Aiople, wer, may. racds vonlyy von amg pootocol 5, -uyhan the comnuan. rey we reed 2 poototel oF loth aypst ub complex , Cakied —- Protocol layering. ® i rue] | Postod | moor fay + Puinefptes wf Peotocot, Layuring : Steqeuog 2 Tis. ate principle mat: we head. to fotlow in protocol oyoting us dak 2 obj ests undo © tach’ Abuja ahioutd “be: identical, na OOS peihaple nd Nehwork model + —— Tire pagal i 1 OST model + Open, System Jhtesieonnection - » Iso defines a common wo bh conse compurest ' by ty outchitechue come Ost aaehitechowe 4 ST “nah 1 Layews. + Pls donot om tell y ok Data tink Te sales poido (Be Neko , Cte Tranpae cee Be Suse, on cn, br, Paventation + “ vt _ epson , oo Anges aoe owgonised into 3 Aubgvouns . 1. Netbove’ Support -leuyel, 97 se Lager Taé,3' 2” Phgiteal Data’) Network lege: 9. “Ranpport layer” fond $id _ boot a Meteo to. transport” Re dota. user Supporin Fagin, layer 5,604 User is divest inverasting with Hare. layors. Ve Phgfieal ayers its eye & — dotalinn, ° nfo om iow tee aes % te vibheMnto Aignal iran "mou eee median , + Deo loin precheanical Se" eteedt dal Specipicotion, ig Trumarisniin reddiven 14+ > wonwmed with, 9% YOGteN * Physical chostactesbtics “of wibbifaess & rede - Ankerfou blo drwiews & Raprentad® of iG - antoded 40 ageal Plage aatian type |, ened pel shor Dates pe ankmittion vot. — his no. of bit ont ath ofasond - bane ‘din oy. phy . + Syne. of bi 2 GHlen “hu be ayn. Sendo & Rx mb” ayneiycik “bi lLedel, Adasen. a poste Wea a = eowet WOyrl gaat wy jas o kw configure” = 4n pt. to ph tongig , B atthe, WesipBe 2 duis cv, connectesl together — Hsrough declicated link Sq rawikipt. ¢ dink GS) pared “b/id Abd douites. {| . Plush eot Topology =» ; wehigh—tor-identifie — ushot oe HPS in Be APCS - G Trammision mode — (simple, has ilar, atc} nn bj ‘dbwide 6 bee Fronamsion radio . ee en from pakwork lager fo Date. Link Layert ee “Fromaeni © amen) yom pre node? Jo not rode ty Hop, to Hop trarsmuision. .: . . pen Fro vabibd rk’ lager? ne ‘ € Doto linie layer hess “Te physio! layer Dendr in yor 2 ae Titov » nm * Foe er Dw Respowibiities of aE agyt pie ee - fami - DMs “ini! avecin of BIB? reevived ” from NL fo sen anageasho iJ tical. From votivb ony trap cals ah aapine drelen (2e \easivest “= Padds adda!” wins toad eoniiol s Bena ped Portfcntan ‘lin, Sy we on, bmaming Ok wil Be fa dang, de an dail ey Pnivy 10" ARE a, % Exot contol: ic Pret wit happen He Fidbork, * gwailable, sin a ar any +o soni He “aur, i eae uijatle Bolte do Rok du the Patwon ho ty basing the contyol over He. lide cat ne time. Pryrst add, SE dindiseve addres, - War aclevursye 91 ONailable oh NE cond” "Network nel Merde NA aly ab Aimee Lp a ade ow. = 3. heee fey Ne oT cuspontbie ta dtivering, of fost fiona ow fase 40" anion radwork. & Sows do dasa) dal oy From. Treoapport. (gc Ott —- Reepowibid Ro oy pores “bogicad i ok rant . fempur ed frome Beaders tor, exkwl nerwork by togial aady: _ 39 bit. «7, dot format, oo Rpullnd ~~ leis Sso:dandeas which - connists Noxious — rekworks coda Yours ——s verportble for Aghinering posed to pial dust, Hi. Trowsport layttt 1 port adver. Respowiivie for Prous to Proce dlabivent. _heprwitted from host $0 ¥* + ye ir finds TP, addy, treroork 2 Nac Cphysiesdadde,) ad K, \paskals ———> Pow- addr oe : ha sit Ha " eaporaatitres op! opr se ht ° and laden” "Pou ete. 7 The header fa this“ nuiar aan, saddle add. Coit port! adios. gi wr samen « pipe ‘gents Leathe a Pied se Beqprene 20+ A Conn. Control m4 either conn. Wel 'oe Conn, = Bit@nbeHt —Comn to Huntify wither itu dots hes sented ov Aoppedl. ea D Character shubljng . BD Chovtactey count 2D Br mugging, B) Physical fagot coding violttion. dbswoxd othet inf? - — oN, Fe oe a . sce ns jyaié Broth of end of tet texte * She allo eb how. axe you eee —> nett : Sad pat she & mnbtore by Yee hatlo die ete how oe you ote, Kae ot 1 ook A bbe hanlll muyuo sehienks & Ate angg., cle dle dota nk i . eheape, if we add ale _Aibserl ye 3 chostostors ‘ey ; a Anqponce * Arato fondle, ete dle mepeo v jl Ato Malo Mondle dle dle etoe- diedle mepeo ete ~ ot 4 de Melo Ate ee die Se? “efor Sta Mee stm’ dleetse dledte. ello. diester, ole a xX wonk A. chamcter count : en eg: Fell world byseulet 2 — > fatto sword 5 em: BR, Los hate world —2 * — mepeo & Schlenk 7 anginenung 9) eoltese, + 2K \ amepeo &chtuwle € 3 Bie _stusging; Oninio oye L 4 OBE O Stowe en enriiie ootritiftoo_ orriste Wi goa ayo 5 om __> odd 1 Hw 2 by ender els tO OOTHA1IO1HO —-OFFWITTO ° ° vowitd int ]@ onrni2 "msg f yr % onsite | apes rit qodiing widlatio i+ Kk o1tiye ge OVO a Preys Cor lO L 41 po! ‘ \ 1p) “or !0 dt 10 a, i Stosting, Spams eyo 2 Endiig frome OROV ’ Massage 20% Lys dledle « diveke, paoeive.0, avlosl a Tuwd Single bit_eserer: 3 aD Fawlty 3 O1o1ool MOloot torso ooollo Trt dcwaynttted mag. ud, Dror proc yest ot cot ol eet Ot- porpooe) Recciven side ororoor as tropoore |e Ap cD EF forertor | ® Gurrer poorrior {eo MNeCO a £ porce0dl jo STUYwHX _ - Ye | ~ 00000000 o yo eek - | WworLD > sen —> inony > bi ap poy —_ 8 14 82 1 6B folomy joorli yorooto 100/100 !De0100 loro | 4 we toornns \y Te Danmitted wa is, 0° Joloolo | y ar poor tog | 4 forort 1OOHIE) —Lorgosor Moelese! 10) 10011601 10d0}c00 10000100 ‘ : yoo un \o Ne ]O000T Oo toop nit \o Roesiver 8 Ty tae toro dio |, Koonin loot oot |, Jo00 1000 lpeo 0100 yo emwY §0—00 o 4 Checksum + z w + die dala iri 9 bits € 1 complinent™ * Pescem binary adclition K 2S compliment + Riduncoot bib aa oiovoo1 foortrger add wn Send. PoroHoor priroel Tiroee1e “pool tot | ae rmeptnrerai eee ett err tiercernts poet ttyo Receiver. ane 1 fl fororcol eporrre ol/ Oooo jorotool vonvrool ooo rrr one - oa peer 2° @lo {0 2090 0 0 0. yx’ ot rove Ro ll ' 7 oil —_ vali i 0000? 2) }o V]o0° mane Is pole 2 (eyetic Peclundancy Que) 5 cre: aa divinoy count —) a diuidsad h-ve3 b 000 b add Hub t6 diuiasndl . Sf we have. 22ax0 aakt put | dono ja quotient & Jy? r= Rermeemacha wire Not — feo 100 4+ Checksum + . wk + We data iio 9 bik, & 1 Ceoplienents ® Prager binowy addition kK 2s corp leraont ; A Ridundont bib ber Weidvoo1 footie! aed . we Bend lop oroot pol loo [1106010 poole 1 yorily eee dooll Qeociver : Inro10![oo1s1901/doo11110 wry foroloot consi o'ol ooo irre paiecersiisete © a ° \ @lo tt A © Pop O OO @ rp ytee L _ ' ‘, oil fjr0reee? ® . 7 ee iE ee a ag an — (cyeie Pedandaney orate) 5. cre: SS divisor count —) A ted b { 4+ Checksum + rey 16 tt KO he) Mata irto 9 bibs) | ok i 15 Cormpliment | R Hdormn.,binawy addition. "2S compliant Maelo na Tsolaal cat iv Ridindant bib = vat 8: 2 POV 01'001 [oorrger add" | J eee nw Bend. ' Lopoloor pol iloor wy t 2 TA [t1000)0 oe pootttyo Aeosiver : a4 lororootfoortreei/eooine . tay fore lool conio'ot ooo irre Asuna — 7 tivter ut ' ae fesse? ® (cyehie Pedbindarey enede) 5 4 J Hwbor count —) BE Gnaay Aiaitand Muborenent “NY” too 100 Aaa yy te | Peet (dot: i ho eHHDY, pees se foolol oe! . tro (st. | (Sears po AgPOO'O vay? Lui hot ‘ hot LTT ae toy ADP srinbwwibore ke LRC & VRC — me soonol ' we 2 a met, per] sbstgunras Zt, msg tite vwecomes ate = * Cauat ru pos. veh tt, steclunclant bits, " o] o| ee fe Tel Tele 33 fet tonne ale eet Tee ise i) Yor Hg ateee e a RP RR Be EY ep of: ee Lele RAGS EAD | - 2 0010) R, le apa ee 2,3, 6,4,10,1) | E 3 > cot) t willl 2 Sb h > ole ‘ 5 ere) 6 > ole Hoo $ — Looe ! BP, vos He lo —> tole teade bo Hh we ‘= } ' == Fn ih spt VP why sith | BIN i1- Hawa - ond S \ | Cfelmaeet KE qu ov Dower? foe aoe . of tomar. olewited-» Componests i 3. Type» of conn al & goit 4. Topology 5. ost. mod fe sys bP eens F ar! Glror Jatection & correction: aa ; i i 1 reo L aoa, Stee _ ae 1) 1flew ents Sloe canted ' Flow coictiot” afens do ve mek af pnoredones sed vo outed Hi, vamount Of data that othe derecho vor, fend itor, smitng for -acknowledgmont urn a a SeceLert, Nx fend» a rntg to dondix that the igh fe i bun cived a ; Puctocels | Thou ae be some tl - incest upton y t nig tome | Ge (nosso i Beret ae \ Channel — No doin wat e “3 Stop- B-weize ARQ torugded ducing tranprnubaion G -ack-n ARR poe Setsehive Repeab: i 5 bs , 5 ARG Stop & wats 5 Simplest ae enidost Re! Event - | Nofifteaion from ugsteal lager Aige: fei ay ‘hile (sous) a topeat forest : woitFor Evers Y) Stoop antl an event ocewe Sify (Even (respert To Send)) c Gab Dote.U 5 Nf lays NoleFromat); ty Dota dale 3 Send. Pome; W Prageiced bapa j 4 —— (Re sided vhile-[Auw) t wodbForEventl 3 ie (Event [sreivontoifintion) fe t Regoive Froma() 5 Eydroct Asin); DaliverDoleO 5 ate! Stop & weit Protocol ee ape poxnoied you 2 Kegon PPT Age | (Sendo) Reastver . Nevy hans: “ARR > Rukoniakic Hepaok steqpesy ‘Witwiw thy due dibewal, op UOhar re hos mob siestived , ot wir “ud | tre packet om more, chia. (Re { Suen - wand) Hp tim, sheds, Seng pats, Reweek Fp Foe Aoi ny honnde : : i Stop d& wair ARQ Bap > ee Go- Ban -N Protocol 39) eee eke Sp > fiat outstandsig frome , 15 gid Wiedow, Send usindow, $n — $ window, Ha sea next from) 40 soul. Rn >. feisive window, omed, rene expected ., sass. eS e o, od x Sep ok ly Frogs fromirerte duads — cur ccknwustedgenent | fee e next parca & edt , (oe et k AR He And ng” four Wie Hoe with bE axpred. “and! enol gee fon 3% ee *k a tha adenowledgerant Gi dest, act Hie nut no. ase db weave by gordo, E He stick mover fo ext qian. Window sar £2") | v Deer | Reerbvast slte = 1 2m Fou dain communkabion, eso dauiées mut wor, Ibgethon —uvith a Coordination, 5 Stlective Reyuak « algorithen : SF dialing Vara Lamy ge | Reever = ot # s The bance with ponds only” eda posse to dh suetiver which — does not gh Aeknovsledgoment . Neposive daknowledgiments L The suet sents by the swerivet to Bhanu — tye abuacly deb lela . ro Guided meeckter (ested) ote ck TWwisted — Corefal aide Opie Ratios wave, Mia aware Seprareoch, ony ranenmm ate cable. 4 Ungeriotea meclice Cuodreters medium) + eonnisth ef 2 cenctucters Ceoppest) RA ctu plastic. wisitation » dwidted, — dogedieert, a1 ows sNgrals to 1X Somme grounsled., Umerfeunce mighb hayper. Cestossiatls, rtoite) UTP i Unshicltect ywited path. Sw ot Shilded — tewntocl pou, > Cooxfal_owble : Ls eawtes signal af tage preeey. range == Gble Vv halo Ethernet cThigk: Ghenwel: > Fipan ope cole: i made af gts oy plastic S hoorsmed Aigealy Se forms gh Light ‘nha 3o0 QHx ~ 400THX dak Rodioweise:B-prroeses HootHx —%00THR Microwowes + —— hla eo & 300 Gx + unidirectional. Ucddierra) corbennor '. Sedyoned Boo Gitx +o 400 THe 2 dk can't pnebrodla advough voice , UNIT - 3 —_—— i TRAnsPORT "LAYER > Teoursport vobecels el conn Dl pockets Sonn ovienred PLOTS 1 Ter “Tomspuaiston Control Protoenl Q- -vPP - War Bakagrawe ProtocoL a. Sere - Siveorn Control Transmission Protocol. eyes eee HEP Ore Soot uiterface, Uaough icicle Hay Communication ue — Blaxtk. * fee woo Chient usa for Soskak oaddserrs ——> le ei | a Pore ail “eh Sockae Adduats, Communicak”, wl 1 soo 2 Seon 3 phos dom by TP: Conn. aptalo uhm + Data steanshsst Conn. ctoinainadion.. ape poe fi ter Ant. 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DARAM (UDPY Sock Raw Protoenl i = 0 . oe duson tor) pon HVe Fategen af ok we -t en esuior, Bind Cont cow nob have Pind. +p olde any] dockets he tur bind (unr sockfdl, const buck 4ockéeaddy * mnyadaby Socrlon—b add lon) ; Rerwutd + 0 ay ok) Ton eHHOY. Bete Gonvent a 48h tanto a pantive Aroshth, HW sdeatucle {sys ] fookab h> Unt Sidben [ ukb soot ut backing. ) Boersog: we. a cho. Rak) the keteal should Opens tp: Tes Asoka Roan ¢ a8 ow, 1 am ebyftor. Tyeur "| Osh A Syeoingidd tone - qed ne ComA Crs Oot ° Pavckeatng aw defo ve wnane L Mye) ater & ui occep & (ene pbeebel, Abad a ee tochbin — >* adddleys o Retwuu ctienbe addre un cod dst . akrs rn orga dobosup ey, 4h ore: Conneck Abiad. - : abuse pores # je wonwatl (Gat bockbd, vontt 4 guvaddy, Avon —F oe meee foe A oth ie Pinah dt include, £ Bys/seckit-h > Kaine taefom [wnt aovedd voi «buff , sine nig» at Blogs, her sookodly < from 5 forren_t € addy lor) ; pookgl, const ved + bub, ae Rod fookadde “40, Mine sandy ( sot: hoyies, Tak flags, Crh parr - taddivber) 5 hows > hetito tye boned page Mira args Fe att tage ES pedigunsent - 1 20) Hlietor claire N Gunna de tol Med ud Atanynithed & —— Hipclucle Lunietd hs Aixe-t read (Ene 40. voieh + ba, filot unt) ; Posraruaterts + fad ob + ont vorire st inctuds sixet unvite ( inb sa void * bak, stat ont) + retwn nee of loytes written on Aucoess, Send, Ay include. Lays [Hyper 4 ergs] Aoekek. h> Tek * SAi2e—-E dead Cink s, const void “bug, Hat Ln, na fogs) we Binet pendto [dint s, cers vold. “bef » Fat Wa, let fogs, einst Atrueh dochocldy Xb, FoUdln t tolen) Rosine = + Abin tf suer(uint 4, void “buf, aime—t Lan, ine joy); » Bhide be suew foson (sat 4, voi bof, Ax2-t lon b iat » Hct sockaddr * from , bocklon_b + fromlon) ; Samp | Sample _peegem for dat appl: raha h ainda Atclio. b> heen ean dinelads ” Myheodens hb” Ay) poder he ite maint : drainer sh : whinge dott #,-b, LL, ac, Jens gdb. h Bhan cob ge Biol 5 ayp[igper-h Nonwor goveodas. ier At vers olient 5 pedis Avivet-sin- fori = AF-INET; ep Soren, sine poh = htons (8488) wR Se servae< Lin_adels. 6 cable = teil (8! ApDR-ANy); Uf Sourtt Creo" pd. = Avo (AF-INET, Sock STREAM, ©) 5 J a (ao) BF (Sexeer creo AacemPullyy); RF Seer punt evior")s ll pindhg be bid (ac, (stuck Aoseodale *) + Sever, sisaat (wre) 4 (b>-©) PE Co Binding success "); eke Jovy 0" Binding ssvior"); I}. Listen for dient Suquse & = dibten (4, 5)5 hom) | Pf (" teten saceus ")3 PF (Men Exons "3 LS Aoceph elie Son = aiel, (otter) s ad = osceepl (4d, [struct Sookauely *) xclienk, 2 fan); 8, [ad>o) Be [Saceeph success ”) Ph. Cracepe Ereos®) SF ChGonne extesused "5 ho . 1 ease (ot, meyer e)s PE (Nn citent: ys, mag) Pe LN Senor sD; ges (rmag) 5 'gand [od, og! 100 ,0) 5; 5 ¢ hile Cétromp(msg, “bye ")L = o) dex (bd) 5 TePechoctient.c Ae Pnetude “ Miyheadant. hs” Wa moines é unt ade 3 chow, rag, Go; Ahad Aehroddy in Apter, client ; Aeivet, sine fowsly = AF_INET; Buwor. dia pore = hetone (2382); power. bin addr. &adae = htonl [INARPR— ant); $d = Aoeet ( a ee Ih Conn, bol lane C = connect (4d, (shuch sockaddr) & Aviyer, £27) 5 JB, [e=20) pf t" Con. frees") 3 WU Conn nat Aucceal"); PE ([“ Conr- estarsd ") ; do ; re (ON otk : "); gee (rg) bund (Hh, 9 100 ,0) ; reo (6A, wg, 100, D3 PELE N\n sevens XS 1, rag’) 5 3 write (themp (mBg-, “bye")! <0) a clase (40) 5 ) | | | 7 Gient nes do ken = ones Ute msg) Nesaivey has to 6nd it in ABEREVATED Fory S o prow wa kevest Aude, sg Mepeo Schlenk Sopincesuis College —2 NSE 0 [Girt] <~ "rats > coum nw. * charters 3 dnd ak un Severe — orolet jf 2aabb ——> 43b2 v 2b3a ee Pf x Fo ean agaaganan 5 ara a Pe pha et Ce Ba LES UPPLesvet 0 BL indads " Vyrsado0. h” ink mon 0) ar 18, 0, 2, 9h, m3 chon vg [io] 3 | Meu rpckodae_ia “Aver, dient; BAO, din ~ fos = AP INET ; Ad = potkak ( MF_TNET, SOCK_DGEAM, 2); if (42.30) PF ( Sockak neat” cps ")y Om oe (*gecnse oxen” enter”), b= bind (4d, (stuck socroddy +) g srver, and (eexver)); vy (b3.2) Ff" Bindatg nctint) Pf [io Binding Grror ); yee from a, rig, 100, 0, (abuct soveadar*) & client, Bsidesf (der oy PR UtNa Uient mag: 78%, mig); = 9? (9) 3 dendits ( bak, rg, 100, 0, Cahueh fockaddles) Selient- etose (42); © Bragg (etient))s PEL Secmee cua” emer ); YE C8 Pin Exleot rq to Server >") 5 | ges [ug)s jwdto (M4, ws" ~« Crenver) s vee Prom ( on pe (% Seve sr 8% wag); arow [ #4); “Toosedoy a 8 Besatve suet i v Pew om sequent ob o. Fite it 2 Cary fo nua) 3. Vabiomey 2elay.. ; » Conewurens suet level, multiple vequer al one fine, More clipfeut tp amy & vad db Betoer performer. fei alee ti, He dndudey Lunibtd hs va pre 5 RL on evtor, es 4 Rewind uh child, orent SD Of, child vn pout - _ uuk pid, 4, i: Deine Hee atypia coneurlerd botver. Soy Sere Cs) Bind (4,95 Lite (» , List) ; while (1) { tann = Meesgt (8,6 -)5 Gb (Cpid = forte Ector (295, = won Adie, (C01); clase (cond) ; 1 [7 partys yer | & p.ose Peon); Tfo_ Models H+ Biwamig 1/0 2+ en Bweceuig So a. TJo Muumptemhg AL Syma sAuiven s/o 5. Umynthvonous 4/0 —___Srtwmal ent, Re es ge! olge ne. om sendin it FN Oe to pecan. FAT Trt Free i cr De | Pri} jee] Nt eH fest Ff ES ® c ee Plays beget s NU -&s Ak = 2 TU _ a E DP. - *F ye aida Daye st 2 eh twos te howtpaiame & Proc» too; Progys. pono. . a Enron & flow control * . , . oe Leah connections ov connzetion +,oriented, | A ro esingieanleoe >. oh mignon ‘indrpecdaht poke. «| ona vented — Ter, UDP, serr x Seopente no-—> adrdingshg He packet. x yep ye SeTp > few 2 “meter wnbol. «upp > net dnvolved wie om. how dows by sing : sutton iaang Window Adseare * | Svan ‘youre! & pore no —> 1b/bit identifier xahge yy S048 535 welt ~Myown 3, Yonge 0 40 1023 Rugrered —> ay to 4a, 151 ee = ais - 65535 bod ‘i aphernerl pore fo that Gb ub multiplexed A snd ob | HR single prod “'euroughr “aP, mu | t Muttipheing. : : | At Aanalur side, atl fhe, [EOE ose, $e oC | | | Acknowledgement fs NeAicknowledgament:, ‘ owallable for event . “poskey gs UDP 2. TeP i + connistion oviented —* connie Let! seruiee, ” { Avruin LPF _ Cuan Dsingom Totocol.) & — Pareet hod ig data pe Some, wnvell : velhable —drawsporr jurotocol Total Lenghn —lobis Pore no. vanye 0 to 65535. Jn UPR > MO Slidang window proto! . no. flow convo! ge. wsioy controls x Eneaprutasion. & — clvenp jon. * Quow . am y byte TDR, un facades dovenot: ake Seer ae 1p was @B 8 4-D00D 001 00! &~ 2 Souter ‘pow no. = oped paren : : 2. by ast uy = wood 7? )3 > Ryo FPF Table col > a8 2) Total feng te i | | & Cheek gum; ool ; ": gine reader Ste dates 28-8 = 40 qT a 2° ha» few corned. A. Pouks to prow Proivecl, A Conn. oriented. kK Misitued conn, blu 2 TePs to Aen] *& Conn. etublahmednt — bys 2 woop aleli, # Stream vented! peruse, K — Mawdutowes —bubtet to waeuitanin ch Saqreasctation + data —> Diuited EAto fegrnast. > Suppose a) TeP comnts by $ % S00 bytes, at por yea rudved — }o,cgga4 , Whar vm the —Saapionce Hambens er Rach deppmant Ee don an wh vn ie Aegeas, each cesouging tooo: bys? ‘ 10008) to Novo N,00) +0 12000 i 2001 40 (2000 1001 +o HO yyoo) $8 1SD0d See port address lotic Adteno w fren | Rerved UAT Pie |s| F] Mindow site Abia |b bits eee ' 1 bie \ Cheeks wan Urgent pb. Vip owe bt di bits pptiow 2 podtutny (opr BD 40k pomniee n server | Dara traliio i i ~ ig t* Comat % i { Congpstion sae! =e apa of Aaj i Lub wound, date Trappe. | cenqution : os Conga’ win a. nadevork: may ecu, pth, ih pad on Pe Reboot thane, of pate sent 4 yy fre Ww ae 3, Hho tapadiy” of network — the \ | ren of pastes o ho tam handle, | ee "capac Avoid + Bepore wk happen. \ + dpe Ge hoppen oe Oper loop _eongesh” contol + 2 * Wase feop 3 v | | * Apr ie happen- | 7 Yowidve “dhe tongetion. Congys_contol = Opan oop ct@se} loop Ls ne Retensmision obey ” |} Bask: promon I> - windows poling Res» 4 Choke. poche Actnowledgmant policy > Seepliit:siynalin Divewrding poly [> raplnit signa - Aarasaion poling | yy shen oP 2 . » Retwbibmesion peli: ; see en ee Find wrveck wary Kr vebyomsrai ting. pack Q window policy :' Window pry L ray 2 racchiounib ry fs OS iGp-back ae geuciive vopeak Lae A Diboasiduteg poling: ie ci ee \ “a por" ‘qyouty des “ab yeeetved, ., Ko rout! “ soiatomig dabeed CM pack, 5. Admbsion policy: or Abeuto fh coy Te i i io btuady cane The routes wi qualipy the he, & deny he Pos Chosed ee 1 Back puwrue + ane ; a Sotto g . “tong ae _ ~ Dats, flow » ni te. 1 g. Chebe pOektt ye pose Oa J — fe se ‘ Me Signa vb sek, oom Bema, * eBepgisco pain fo are or dy” expitity ie note Hat “Pre ba congint”. Congustt conto! wn 2 Case: - CC uw TeP He uw Fram Ruloy. gs 20: psent p52 Pacrotizing Who eager weruapsutate He gegen waa network, stay ak = ROUND deencapbutates vat He nfo kayen in dest. Posted office - Routing and Forworeling + NL seAportble Sa vyouting pacts ie ass". |, wo formonaing, He olole — Covsists a pen cand cost J v ue aprisd fy wouter ane ject | et ow of the weatenencct « : Routing, oovules ont : eo wwoY cordwol aagchiaustbns a howell * No pow eondrof. —> pew OO pen « Sts ata 4 Linopfyerent co check emt rs, S@mar 4 seeking i Nfw ub et a Connacted, sates, Thoua— attvts os Auitetg ; | Cored Awitered feo. 5 | nj nfo | Switch er | ~ fe romt mf oo | yy b Ooteak a york yur SBR kA Die se emppas tO eoneath My Re ms att watenmecliat soit steal cxccopt Hie | : Connection $n He dedicated Post. Data ate ee Prarie! DaspA 7 “Tinx down ae gp ie ed a other uutep = Communicate util The Prewious comme” — yt catdouwn - t_-=—-_—: ;, ae ee a ee agrThephone connect, & fonds “Ut Stovtvodion. Daeg few x Ou do 1 A ands fp fo Me Hie So atten wo any ot wet tidy i he a Voseat Javitlag : Packets oe rowag for Jonfw te Curoty — riahwovk x each pa K Suikenn ian Aatagrome WD reovtves - Gt Routes, ae eee @~ . put of ova) pacests . be Cannesttontians — rohwork. *k Thum ewe astup or chardowr Connect , Foch switch has am ui about tr pt sino « > Dyromic upilation “CF vat dake cuewns., Resowiee alto cain + ; | Bootle Tarday | —— * Vsitual bet —hetwork. | x Sh a eae bln hate uvitehed nfo Ee datagram rabroork. | \Y meee Prgtical Jaya. e wy Aap % Data, tuk dayet 5— ubutemudid su p > Gkobar » Thooughour dn world, 7 > Globad -odanery — videniifien — spent (cirbual egret Adaictipves i > Unique VCIs Flops seat wie vor: ' \ f eo Ow suvene chived” jp ver eat we Oukyeing vel sax Hun 40 (ay Porba —3 ver san it Povh) —> 9 -= bb eepeyry: Efpictoney : Daey : Total alloy = BT 4 ath a ashag dala 4 feanduumt abba . is Comat geoitely “Pawtat pustich + Sve § dest hott we koe much phyieal eonned” Prgeiretty —comnectsd ends , K Suitehing dase pla at # Susttching daase plase ot nus (datagvorw) or dake Lik Layer Hae phystal Sayer oy ge Risewereas ast alleoatect RepOUsIeAs ute cated) “on ro advan. demand , * Dain dHordosed bw te « Data ds toursfroed 4 dist, pactasts ! dwo MAations Gb a Continuous flew & gral age Telephony. Bye Sutenet Trtotut pueotpool vertstbn eww eee ee Gane of Ip - aa bit D> Univenodl vadiversos Ayden 1100 t > APva addvamy, ware -tteeleyter, # Adds space ub a oF 4 Button) (Lie) Ay 248, 4,296 (move than Leayet Sve Notations wong vee Dotied - Dacimat Notation. —> © te ase o Coa fon tnang clo dated & Ip evel 12a. 1, 1. 239, GJooote! oooolor jo0 i b- Meepod] Joevoor! cooiyony Win 193), 131, 28, ose —> dotted de. fo binaey Dt, se. as. 48 OLFOL IE! COLLt 00 ooI1o! CLO 1110 D gar. au. teen Lro1stOl poyecc1o oeooo1it O01 0010 eS en «Beto» a wei Cue + > ate Demos 3st ee ed TNS gegen uate 1? Broodeaite ~ 40 mon Nuiseoe - 140 qe i, je They Tort pafin + Aulgge = 92 4 a Slravthy eG ‘ads = Suse dtength 32 its w Ba-n @ Cone Aang Jesanen sp dusted into 5 clawed A,B,C, DE (tay A- 0 Fetix — 6 bit « Be lo Cc - uo . D-mo Eon XS foe Usicabte - Broad cove Maiti coast — wb bib —> DH vis > aa bits oe o2 bie fob une twee < 140. Maree ci VO quip Baer, gadentify, nyo ¢ node: Tp addues ry 32 be v Bo Fist byfe oto at lb 128 to 19) ah jax te 223 A 6 c D Not applteablenny to 239 E Duo to 25s" ” Find the Se mas B® 990 90001 0000 1OI! = OOCCIDIT won - 4 b. 11.09.0000) looo00e1! Ooo! tor wnt wg a Javad. 1208 - ooootr0 = A a asa S. ISU = tities B — _ = — wee? (Pek (seApe oo" | = al np = 2!” noden | Co} gm hho - a nodes D - Q@nw - 2 BE - a® who - ga nie 2 Mee, ape 1] lias A 2 pw ~ RD? nodes | | | | A,B,C He addusrd th altecatid, From clan ie ie como mand Netid & —_ Hodtid. = $s \ y A o- I bye - 8 byte B - abyy - abyo C+ 3 yh | bye Mask Lo wet se nd netid 2 Aros es Wotafion = CIDR - Clamles darted onan | cy Ro wing, los notation a The cadens oh cei To sfoene tte vaddus — Apa which uh duper netting - ke Beyond dae tut «te las can't frandl., Chor bers dedursing : A Bwer w vattocatd con thee srequosenodty, 4 vu comporty. Bats _ oh tom _ vedo x a Aeould be contiguour . Tey no Of eels oe a block ; nupt ve & powst 4 ae | | ko Fed aaasurs runt er) bg et | adebswrre. | Ib vdars. —_— 205.16. 34. 32 Hee | Qos. Ib. SH. 33 Qos. 1b eA Jos. Ib, 34-32 lppotvet 0010200, 001Q!0! 00190000 deere, QO i CB, de Oy, BO ee O 8545 49936 F1b = saullane . 40 hi gd pate dasified. OO OO > Monc | oa) ne — Monk, ' For ai Bock Of ds, to adie adele vey block, Phe mask. | ony ko a Sarbib wo, Whe 1 tyme X fe 32m vightmost bits axe 0s. kb ow 13 x 19210) ask | Fick addy B2-n Wight moir kak i ight ha bnainy nolan i fates “HH OS. Quyten. « viddjuss ub gps.Ib, 34. 39/28 sla = Liostrot 600) 000 oelvolor 00/9011 “ 4; we sek 32-22 vightmasyy Bibb f0 3 3p = Foot wet ger hreoi10100010000 00101 oF v 205.16, 343% Lost eddsios : Awe Atk 32 - E 4 28 sughtmost bits to | ’ woe hoolioe ae 1 0001 Oooo VvIOD, gj OVloNI! es st} Q05.1b. 34. 44 Tost _muber of cadcbures low esas formate: a TP. het ~~ _ fey n= 28. dds a | lool lol ooo100Po oolovla = OOloiity ¥ of a's AND. opesction ¢ D010000 eaqoolol 0016 COO. [oone} gaa > ES) —> floolsol 0001 0000 opfool1ol odio Nt on ops \yoaliol 001 000° C90 100101. oorot) + Jew oles Oo oT +t Nao Oh ise IH = Ib I Nehworle Addbusoed First adnan vB adddhesht Of nefework » Frat is Hic add of toutes, divtaviohy. x a Sewer saci Gere i x Nework ID g I) Host 4D. i $_dwet — hrievos | Pincode | pls (toeakn) > Fer j1.12.40,.0/26 has 64 cidlelauosses.. £3 subbiocks of 32510 2 Ib addvertes, Syrah 72°" 99 BB gen ny = 28, 40 | a 4 =>2 16 BB Hon. na 98 gO gure ODPM = Ib Pun n3= 28 mobs 29,98, 28 with organization mak beag 2b rok —> Jog ay Meo. In. na Joa, > favor | nee 0001 0001 ~—gop0|}00 +=: 9D00NI10 ovOF Iot Ap odeYE ta brent Hii tip th idoeee a O00] vev! oDvOI19e F00DI110 9 0EPLOOO ee — ° W412 -14.0 Lost adler ae ooontor OV_IO0D! EEoOI1eD — EHEETIIO OR vooDsoy0 soccer eDo00000 9001111! Pesce Se un ee egy Oey Ovole0o! . Opoe11DD ~— coootND = OOOTINIT —— tea Pa 3t Total addr. > 3+] 232 ee ee ICANN - Orgauisorion vespomsible — fo Addu Location gpoverty — Un se & goatee a boule oh cull cessed Atosting 190. 100.0. 0/16 ( 65» 536 ads.) The ISP reeds to | with Aipteloum thu. Cudcbeasser to Hue pours of curpbomsts «> we Ish gyp has GA cuntoman 5 cach vesds 2s addht be orm ot aw poi Be | eo BA g 138 Cahtomey Design the Aubblockp — & 44 Ouk how rrcuaay Odds ane alt availarle .* sie : “} rb =H Qa" = 5b ey ny = 24 ve 8 r 64 cunbomary, 190,100 . 0.0 /16 oS Cust 1 140.100. 0. 0 /24 M0. 100.0, 255/24 turk 2 190.100.1 «0 /24 140,100.61, 255/24 | | Cunt ba 190, t00,63.0/24 Io. 100. 63» 255/24 i Torok = GA x 256 = exe 16384 For 12% customs , = 128 => Ww = 2 feomer | 1st oust: 190.100, 68.0 /25 190, 100, bY. ates a) ct Io-too. M228 /25 140.100. 64. 255/25 i Loe" cusy, (90,00. Iga, Ing/ag (190100 «12% « 285/25° | | | ee Tote = 28% 129 = 1b, 384, Gvoup 2 . ae a => Wb or 128 cublomesy . 190. too. 123.0/ 26 Io. 100. 128-0 190. 100. 128. 63 Curt 1 cust 2+ 140. Ioo. 128. by 190.00 «12%. 124 wt 12g 1 180. 100, 194-142 140.100. 159.255, Biol = 1284 64 = 8192 4 addres atlocand Isp: lb384 4 1b384 +8192 = Ho, %o. No. 4 aueiable oddsumes | 24,576. (65, 536 -710, 460). Z Grantee Network debuts “Feentodion (NAT) — eet pat 258 gee : ReoaH SB One 7 B ARP woput ty broad east arp sey yb oe wx Tron do Yad mae adder , Ro! Beoodeanr to ot node with up, the node. eam He Sp!) comin unico, with Bowne wa Unftost: way by mac addysrs, oa eT a ee ARP saply b cniearte o ‘ 8 16 31 Handuoase type =} ProtocolType. = 0x0800 Plor = 32 Operation Spuxctosidivare nddt (bytes 0-3) Srepjio Aad Coy 4-5) TP sroPeotocot Addy (bytes 0-1) Sra Rolocat Adar ( bytep 2-3) | Ta TangolHeoidvare Add (bytes 2-5) Hastdwarepilt ( byte» 07) TasgetProtocot ddr ¢ bytes 0-3) 4 tiie ype tet > Hype Pysaal mj (aye Fikovee) + Potvtoltype: feed —> higher-layur protoeot (ag. IP) addy. A Hien (~harcuverel hagth ) % Plan (—protoott addi, Longin) foelas —> Aangth ook sive - laure addy, 2 Aa Uayrx — yprotoeet ode * — Dpoiotional field —> ‘Teauwt or O Yesponse. the Aousiee ond dnviget hardware, & protoco? addi * Sendot jo oddnow — phypieal aaddov. ah & andlor, a Sandor Yuwie Angieal add. af a Handa, fous Wo adder, | Tog roe SMD, Tog protocol ” are _ Fortoasdieg wilt yer pe fia data for 1 Wfeo to aunoths nfo. | Roshi: wit rhe din shorted Pate pr | doa drone pen 1 vfw ft Cuno. i unieasT Rovnwg ‘PRoWwCoLs : — roo outing aot, vb tai: oY dliyrevenie | | a Poet ob raowttng rep by Fup yom sve | 1 J Aasdirncakiowv . ca GenpuieaL RePREse TATION GanPhical REPRESENTE TCM eon { From’ “£4 out: 2 Le Or>-O= , WW From F.& G@ to ou us dvown , RiP" Rowing datos. protveod BaP. - Bovaut Getic Protocol, OSPF - — Opew Tntviadomain Thtesidomain yank — oe Alata Pash veckor vector, RIP OSPF BaP > best vous Ged The. nsigidoouns give tls lo. abou An nfo Bellman - Jord equation. Dey = 8.4 Cat Day), Cosb4Diy), CoetDey aoe F Dsey = win § Dey» (C xe + Dey DF + © Afetance vectoy ve 1D arcteg. Pew PFE Wer am = 2 3 . > ARE fa wold 2 e flack: ‘ 9 | @

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