UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN ACADEMIC YEAR 2021/2022 MAY 2022 EXAMINATION FHSC1024 THERMODYNAMICS AND ELECTROMAGNETISM FRIDAY, 13 MAY 2022 TIME : 9.00 AM ~ 11.00 AM (2 HOURS) FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE Instructions to candidates: This question paper consists of SIX (6) questions: Question 1 and Question 2: Answer ALL questions. Question 3 and Question 4: Answer ONE (1) question only. Question 5 and Question 6: Answer ONE (1) question only. Notes: Please read the instructions carefully before answering the questions. Answer the questions in the answer booklet(s) provided. Begin each question on a new page. In cases where a choice of questions is provided, only answers to the initially chosen questions will be marked. Any additional questions answered will not be considered. ‘This question paper consists of 6 questions on 10 printed pages.oil HERMOD’ Question 1 and Question 2: Answer ALL questions. a. @ (b) © @ ‘The temperature of an object changes from 373 K to 253 K. Evaluate the change of temperature in () Fahrenheit scale, and (3 marks) Gi) Celsius scale. (marks) A bucket contains 1.00 kg of water at an initial temperature of 40.0 °C. It is cooled uniformly by addition of ice at ~10.0 °C. The ice fully melts at the end of the process and water reaches an equilibrium temperature of 0.00 °C. Assume no heat exchange between the water, its container and environment. Given that Latent heat of fusion of ice = 3.33x10° I kg? Specific heat of water = 4186 kg! ect Specific heat of ice = 2000 J kg! ct (Calculate the magnitude of heat loss from the water. (G marks) (i) Find the mass of the ice added to the water. (6 marks) (iii) If the ice used to cool the water was at an initial temperature of 0.00 °C, deduce the change in the amount (in kg) of the ice needed. Support your answer with necessary mathematical steps. (4 marks) A rod with a thermal conductivity of 628 W m“! °C“ is transferring heat at a rate of 100 W between its two ends. The length and radius of the rod are 0.750 m and 2.00 cm respectively. (Show that the temperature difference between the two ends of the rod is, 95.0°C, (4 marks) (ii) State one assumption for your calculation in QU. (c) (i). (1 mark) A 0.400 m’ cylinder contains 2.50 moles of monatomic ideal gas at the temperature of 330 K. Determine the pressure of the gas. (3 marks) [Total : 25 marks] This question paper consists of 6 questions on 10 printed pages.3 FHSC1024 THERMODYNAMICS AND ELECTROMAGNETISM @ @ ) Electric components are drawn in the schematic diagram as shown in Figure 2.1. Figure 2.1 () Determine the theoretical reading in Ammeter. (marks) (i) According to the result obtained in Q2. (a) @), find the theoretical reading in Voltmeter. G marks) A circuit is connected with resistors, DC batteries and a variable resistor as shown in Figure 2.2. 20Vv Figure 2.2 By using Kirchhoff’s rules, find the value of variable resistance R when the ammeter reading shows 1.90 mA. You may use the direction of currents (2 vertical arrows) given in Figure 2.2 as a guideline. (9 marks) This question paper consists of 6 questions on 10 printed pages.4 FHSC1024 THERMODYNAMICS AND EL! (CTROMAGNETISM Q2. (Continued) (©) Based on the RC circuit diagram in Figure 2.3, answer the following questions, 5.20k2 5.50 pF 50.0M2 650V Figure 2.3 @ Find the time taken for the spacitor to charge to 5.30V. (4 marks) (ii) The switch is flipped to the left after the capacitor is charged for a long time. Find the number of charges that remain in the capacitor at 100 s. (S marks) (Total : 25 marks} ‘This question paper consists of 6 questions on 10 printed pages.FHSC1024 THERMODYNAMICS AND ELE‘ 5 “TROMAGNETISM Question 3 and Question 4: Answer ONE (1) question only. Q@. (a) ) At 30.0°°C, a steel rod has a diameter of 8.0000 em while an aluminum hollow cylinder has an inner diameter of 8.0250 cm. The steel rod is intended to be fitted perfectly into the {@2l"ollow cylinder by means of heating. The aided aluminum has a coefficient of linear expansion that is twice that of the steel. 13/521 Given that the coefficient of linear expansion of aluminum is 2.40 x 10° °C"! (i) Ifonly the steel rod is heated, determine its final temperature. (4 marks) (ii) Based on the result obtained in Q3. (a) (i), determine the fractional change of volume of the steel rod. (5 marks) (iii) Determine, with justification, the possibility of fitting the steel rod and aluminum hollow cylinder perfectly if both objects are heated simultaneously. (2.marks) (iv) Ifthe steel rod is replaced with a brass rod of identical size at the same initial temperature in Q3. (a) (i), compare the final temperature of the brass rod to that of the steel rod. Given that the coefficient of linear expansion of brass is 1.90 10-5 °C"!, G marks) A.4.73 kW-rated cylindrical heater with a radius of 40.0 cm and a height of 80.0 cm is used to heat a single room at an operating temperature of 200 °C. The top and bottom of the heater are perfectly insulated such that heat is only radiated via the side surface. Any heat loss via the wall, window and door of the room is negligible. (i) Show that the surface emissivity of the heater is 0.828. (4 marks) (ii) Based on the surface emissivity stated in Q3. (b) (i), calculate the net radiated power of the heater if the room temperature is maintained at 25.0°C. (4 marks) Gii) Determine the net heat radiated by the heater in one day. (3 marks) [Total : 25 marks] This question paper consists of 6 questions on 10 printed pages.6 C1024 THERMODYNAMICS AND ELECTROMA‘ ETISM Q4. (@ A hydrogen gas is contained within a cylinder capped with a movable piston. The volume of the gas is 2.50 10° cm} at @ temperature of 373 K and a pressure of 1.00 atm. The gas can be approximated as a monatomic ideal gas. (i) Supposed that the cylinder has a maximum volume of 3.50 * 10° cm’, determine whether the gas cylinder can operate safely at 600 K at atmospheric pressure. (4 marks) (ii) Another identical gas cylinder contains half the hydrogen gas compared to that of Q4. (a). Deduce the maximum volume (in em?) of the gas so that the gas cylinder is able to operate safely at 600 K at atmospheric pressure. (3 marks) (&) An ideal gas at an initial state has a volume of 2.50 x 10° m’, a temperature of 1200 K and a pressure of 1.20 x 10° Pa. The gas undergoes a cyclic process as described below: Stage I: The gas first undergoes isobaric process to state 2 in which its volume, ¥2 is one third the initial volume, V1 Stage Il: Afterward, the gas proceeds to state 3 in which its pressure, Ps is three times the initial pressure, Pi, without changing its volume. Stage III: Finally, the gas expands isothermally and returns to initial state. () Calculate the work done in Stage 1. (4 marks) (i) Show that the final temperature in Stage I, 72, is one-third of the initial temperature. (marks) Gii) Calculate the work done in Stage IIL. (7 marks) (iv) Determine the heat absorbed/released in the entire cyclic process. (4 marks) {Total : 25 marks] This question paper consists of 6 questions on 10 printed pages.7 FHSC1024 THERMODYNAMICS AND ELECTROMAGNETISM Question 5 and Question 6: Answer ONE (1) question only. (@) Three electrical point charges are arranged as shown in Figure 8.1 fe \ 205mm (-2e } (te) 4 7 ae 15.4mm Figure 5.1 () Find the magnitude of net electrostatic force between ~2e and +e. (G marks) (ii) Find the magnitude of net electrostatic force between +2¢ and +e. (2 marks) Hence, determine the magnitude of net force acted on +e point charge due to 2 other point charges. GB marks) (iv) The +2e point charge is now removed from the diagram, Calculate the total electrical potential energy of the system. (3 marks) (¥) Calculate the work needed to move the ~2e point charge to the previous position of +2e point charge before being removed. (G marks) (vi) According to the result obtained in QS. (a) (v), calculate the change of potential of ~2e due to the changes in positions. (4 marks) This question paper consists of 6 questions on 10 printed pages.8 FHSC1024 THERMODYNAMICS AND ELECTROMAGNETISM QS. (Continued) (6) Figure 5.2 shows two long straight wires A and B with respective lengths of Li and Z2. The wires A and B are carrying electric current of hi and [2 in opposite directions. A B q tL x Figure 5.2 () Prove that the magnetic force acted on one wire by the other wire is either p, = Mollah of p, — Mollate | (3 marks) 2X 2X (ii) Student A argues that the forces experienced by both wires will cause the wires to repel each other. Evaluate student A’s answer and justify your evaluation. Your justification must include the * direction of the magnetic field produced using Right Hand Grip Rule. * use of Fleming’s Left Hand or Right Hand Rules. © magnetic force direction acted on the other wire, ‘You may choose either one of the wires for your justification. (4 marks) [Total : 25 marks] ‘This question paper consists of 6 questions on 10 printed pages.9 FHSC1024 THERMODYNAMICS AND ELECTROMAGNETISM 6. @ (b) Explain how an ideal transformer is able to produce step-up or step-down voltage when an AC voltage is supplied. ‘Your explanation must include: ‘Ampere’s Law for solenoid. Effect of magnetic field towards output coil. Faraday’s Law of Induction, Property of Ideal Transformer. Ratio value (greater or lesser than 1) of Number of coils in output to Number of coils in input for your choice of transformer. (5 marks) ‘An N-turn square wire coil, with an area of A, rotates about its vertical axis with an angular speed of @ as shown in Figure 6.1. A magnetic flux density, B, is pointed parallel to the normal of the area of the coils. Figure 6.1 Show that the emf at any time, ¢ produced is ¢(t)= NBA@(sint). (4 marks) An AC voltage is applied to a series of RLC circuit with R= 50.0.9, C= 25.0 uF, and L = 0.200 H. The AC voltage is in the function form of: ¥(t)=(90.0 V)sin (3501) (i) Calculate the capacitive reactance. (3 marks) (ii) Calculate the inductive reactance. (3 marks) (iii) Find the impedance of the circuit. (3 marks) (iv) According to the result obtained in Q6. (¢) (iii), calculate the rms current in the circuit. (4:marks) (¥) Calculate the average power delivered to the circuit. G marks) [Total : 25 marks] This question paper consists of 6 questions on 10 printed pages.10 FHSC1024 THERMODYNAMICS AND E! List of physical constants: Absolute zero, 0 K = 273.15 °C Acceleration due to gravity, g= 9.80 m s® Atmospheric pressure, Pam = 1 atm = 1.013 x 10° Nm? Atomic mass unit, u = 1.66 x 107" kg Avogadro’s number, Na = 6.02 x 10 mol! Boltzmann’s constant, k= 1.38 x 103 J K™ Charge of electron, e = 1.60 x 101°C Coulomb's constant, ke = 8.99 x 10? Nm? C? Density of water, pwacer = 1000 kg m™> Electron volt, | eV = 1.60 * 10° J Gravitational Constant, G = 6.67 « 107! Nm? kg Mass of electron, me=9.11 x 10°! kg, Mass of neutron, mn = 1.67 * 1077 kg Mass of proton, mp = 1.67 « 10” kg Permeability of free space, fio = 4m x 1077 Hm! Permittivity of free space, 29 = 8.85 x 10°? Fm! Planck’s constant, h = 6.63 x 10 J's Radius of Barth, Reark = 6.38 x 10° m Rydberg constant, Ru = 1.097 = 107m! Specific heat capacity of water, cwaer = 4186 J kg! °C! Speed of light in vacuum, c = 3,00 x 108m s Stefan-Boltzmann Constant, o = 5.67 x 10 Wm! Universal gas constant, R = 8.314 J mol! K+ This question paper consists of 6 questions on 10 printed pages.