UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN ACADEMIC YRAR 2021/2022 MAY 2022 EXAMINATION FHSB1224 BIOLOGY II THURSDAY , 12 MAY 2022 TIME : 2,00 PM —4.00 PM (2 HOURS) FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE. Instructions to candidates: ‘This question paper consists of SIX (6) questions: Question 1 and Question 2: Answer ALL questions. Question 3 and Question 4: Answer ONE (1) question only. Question 5 and Question 6: Answer ONE (1) question only. Notes: Please read the instructions carefully before answering the questions, Answer the questions in the answer booklet(s) provided. Begin each question on a new page. In cases where a choice of questions is provided, only answers to the initially chosen questions will be marked. Any additional questions answered will not be considered. This question paper consists of 6 questions on 12 printed pages.EHSB1224 BIOLOGY IL QL. (Continued) (@ Figure 1.1 is a pedigree showing the inheritance of sickle-cell disease. Sickle- cell disease is an autosomal disorder characterised by the presence of sickle- shaped red blood cells. Let the dominant allele be represented by Q and the recessive allele be represented by g. Answer the following questions based on Figure 1.1. Female Male Norma ©) [] Figure 1.1 (Identify the mode in inheritance. (1 mark) (ii) State all the possible genotype(s) of individuals 9 and 15, respectively. (2 marks) (ii) Individual 10 was married to a carrier of this disease. Using a Punnett square, state all the possible genetic combinations of their children. (4 marks) [Total : 25 marks] This question paper consists of 6 questions on 12 printed pages.FHSB1224 BIOLOGY It Question 3 and Question 4: Answer ONE (1) question only. Q@. @ (b) © @ ‘Table 3.1 shows the function of hormones X and ¥ in human, Hormone X is produced by testes and Y is produced by anterior pituitary gland. Table 3.1 Hormone Function x Promotes spermatogenesis Y Stimulates milk production () Name hormone X and Y, respectively. (2 marks) (ii) Describe the signalling mechanism for hormone X. (6 marks) Bob is 13 years old and is recently diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. (@ State the specific type of diabetes mellitus that Bob is suffering from. (1 mark) Gi) Describe the cause of the disease. (3 marks) Alex has a cardiac output of 5.2 L/min and a heart rate of 68 beats/min. Calculate his stroke volume, Show your calculation. (2 marks) Describe how high fat diet may lead to heart attack. (S marks) This question paper consists of 6 questions on 12 printed pages,FHSB122. s¥ IL 4. (@)_~—_ Human body consists of numerous endocrine tissues and glands. (State the specific endocrine gland that is directly linked to the hypothalamus via neurosecretory cells. (1 mark) (i) Briefly explain the term “neurosecretory cell”. (2 marks) (ii) Hormone W secreted by endocrine gland in Q4. (a) (i) can also act as a neurotransmitter and play a role in social bonding, Name hormone W and state TWO (2) of its other functions. (G marks) (0) Figure 4.1 shows a patient with an endocrine disorder. The blood test result of the patient is shown in Table 4.1. Figure 4.1 Table 4.1 ‘Serum analyte Level ‘Normal range Calcium 8.3 mg/dL 8.6 — 10.3 mg/dL Glucose 125 mg/dL. 70100 mg/dL. Todine 16 ng/mL 40-92 ng/mL Thyroxine O12 miUimE | 040-450 miUimL Thymosin alpha 1 788 peimL 652 = 162 pg/mL (@ State the medical condition shown in Figure 4.1. (1 mark) (ii) Describe the cause of the condition. (5 marks) (iii) Predict the changes in the patient's weight with this condition. (1 mark) This question paper consists of 6 questions on 12 printed pages.FHSB1224 BIOLOGY IL Question 5 and Question 6: Answer ONE (1) question only. Q5. @ © © @ © Homeostasis includes osmoregulation and excretion. Describe the two underlined terms. (2 marks) ‘The urine pH range of a healthy person is 4.5 to 7.8. (@ Identify TWO @) structures in a nephron that are involved in regulating the pH of urine. (2 marks) (i) Briefly explain how the pH of urine is regulated. (2marks) List THREE (3) substances that are mostly reabsorbed at the proximal convoluted tubule. G marks) Explain how hypertension may affect the function of the kidney. (3 marks) Easiplant is a newly invented plant that is suitable to be grown in various environments, It is designed to hamess the interest of the young generation towards planting. Discuss the type of reproduction (sexual ot asexual) that is more suitable for Easiplant. (3 marks) This question paper consists of 6 questions on 12 printed pages.1 FHSB1224 BIOLOGY It Q6. (a) Figure 6.1 shows the structure of a nephron. o) © @ Figure 6.1 Based on Figure 6.1, identify (label number and specific name) the structure(s) for each of the following statements. @ Where blood enters the nephron. (2 marks) (ii) The presence of glucose in these parts of the nephron indicates that this person is diabetic. (6 marks) ‘A 43-year-old man experiences excessive urination, which is called as polyuria, followed by extreme thirst, which is called as polydipsia. A deficiency of hormone is most likely present in this man. Identify the hormone and elaborate on it by stating its source and describing its function. (4 marks) List TWO (2) types of pathogens that may cause sexually transmitted diseases. (2 marks) Describe the structural features of a human male gamete. (@ marks) This question paper consists of 6 questions on 12 printed pages.