Exam NCM

Orem, King, Rogers, Neuman, Roy, Johnson,
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1. Nursing's con- "man's need for self-care action and the pro-vision and
cern management of it on a continuous basis in order to sus-
tain life and health, recover from disease or injury, and
cope with their effects"
2. Nursing's goal —"overcoming human limitations"
3. Theory of Nursing is required because of the inability to perform

Self-Care Deficit self-care as the result of limitations
4. Theory of Maturing or mature adults deliberately learn and perform

Self-Care actions to direct their survival, quality of life, and well-be-
ing
5. Theory of Nurs- The product of nursing is nursing system(s) by which

ing Systems nurses use the nursing process to help individuals meet
their self-care requisites and build their self-care or de-
pendent-care capabilities
6. Empirical knowl- is rooted in experience and addresses specific events

edge and related conditions that have relevance for health and
well-being
7. empirical knowl- that supports observations, interpretations of the mean-

edge ing of those observations, and correlations of the meaning
with potential courses of action.
8. Antecedent includes previously mastered knowledge and identified

knowledge fields of knowledge, conditions, and situations.
9. nurse Orem's answer encompassed the idea that this is "anoth-

er self."
10. Self-care implies that when they are able, individuals care for them-
selves.
11. Nursing According to Orem, this has as its special concern man's
need for self-care action and the provision and mainte-
nance of it on a continuous basis in order to sustain life
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and health, recover from disease and injury, and cope
with their effects.
12. Self-care comprises those activities performed independently by an

individual to promote and maintain personal well-being
throughout life
13. Self-care Agency the individual's ability to perform self-care activities
14. Self-care agent agents of self-care agency

and dependent
care agent
15. Self-care Agent a person who provides self-care
16. Dependent care person other than the individual who provides the care
agent (such as a parent)
17. Self-care requi- also known as "needs" by Orem

sites
18. Self-care requi- the actions and measures used to provide self-care
sites
19. universal, devel- three categories of self-care requisites

opmental, health
deviation
20. Universal requisites/needs that are common to all individuals.

These include maintaining intake and elimination of air,
water, and food
21. Developmental needs resulting from maturation or develop due to a con-

dition or event such as adjusting to a change in body
image or to loss of spouse
22. Health Deviation needs resulting from illness, injury and disease or its
treatment. These include actions such as seeking health
care assistance and taking prescribed medications
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23. Self-care deficit is the central focus of Orem's Grand Theory of Nursing
theory
24. Self-care deficit explains when nursing is needed

theory
25. Self-care agency this is term used instead of patient by orem
26. A, G, T, S, P five methods of helping
27. Self-Care Deficit explains why nursing is needed and describes and ex-
Theory plains how people can be helped through nursing
28. Self-Care Deficit results when the self-care agency (patient) can't meet
Theory her/his self-care needs or administer self-care
29. Theory of Nurs- describes nursing responsibilities, roles of nurses and

ing Systems patient, rationales for the nurse-patient relationship, types
of actions needed to meet the patient's demands
30. Theory of Nurs- refers to a series of actions a nurse takes to meet a

ing Systems patient's self-care needs
31. wholly com- three types of nursing systems

pensatory, part-
ly compensato-
ry, support-
ive-educative
32. Wholly compen- patient' self care agency is so limited that s/he depends
satory on others for well-being
33. Partly compen- a patient can meet some self-care requisites but needs a
satory nurse to help meet others
34. Supportive-ed- a patient can meet self-care requisites but needs help in
ucative decision-making, behavior control, or knowledge acquisi-
tion
35.
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theory of which describes why and how people care for them-
self-care selves.
36. theory of depen- which explains how family members and/or friends pro-
dent-care vide dependent-care for a person who is socially depen-
dent
37. theory of which describes and explains why people can be helped
self-care deficit through nursin
38. theory of nursing which describes and explains relationships that must be
systems brought about and maintained for nursing to be produced
39. Self-care comprises the practice of activities that maturing and

mature persons initiate and perform, within time frames,
on their own behalf in the interest of maintaining life,
healthful functioning, continuing personal development,
and well-being by meeting known requisites for functional
and developmental regulations
40. Dependent care refers to the care that is provided to a person who, be-
cause of age or related factors, is unable to perform the
self-care needed to maintain life, healthful functioning,
continuing personal development, and well-being.
41. self-care requi- a formulated and expressed insight about actions to be

site performed that are known or hypothesized to be neces-
sary in the regulation of an aspect(s) of human functioning
and development, continuously or under specified condi-
tions and circumstances
42. Universal Universally required goals are to be met through selfcare

Self-Care or dependent care, and they have their origins in what is
Requisites known and what is validated, or what is in the process
of being validated, about human structural and functional
integrity at various stages of the life cycle
43. Developmental were separated from universal self-care requisites in the

self-care second edition of Nursing: Concepts of Practice (Orem,
requisites 1980). Three sets of DSCRs have been identified, as
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follows: 1. Provision of conditions that promote develop-
ment 2. Engagement in self-development 3. Prevention
of or overcoming effects of human conditions and life
situations that can adversely affect human development
(Orem, 1980, p. 231)
44. Health Deviation These self-care requisites exist for persons who are ill
Self-Care Requi- or injured, who have specific forms of pathological condi-
sites tions or disorders, including defects and disabilities, and
who are under medical diagnosis and treatment.
45. Therapeutic consists of the summation of care measures necessary

self-care at specific times or over a duration of time to meet all of
demand an individual's known self-care requisites, particularized
for existent conditions and circumstances by methods
46. Dependent-Care The summation of care measures at a specific point in

Demand time or over a duration of time for meeting the dependent's
therapeutic self-care demand when his or her self-care
agency is not adequate or operational. (Taylor, Renpen-
ning, Geden, et al, 2001, p. 40).
47. Self-Care is a complex acquired ability of mature and maturing per-

Agency sons to know and meet their continuing requirements for
deliberate, purposive action to regulate their own human
functioning and development
48. Dependent-care refers to the acquired ability of a person to know and

agency meet the therapeutic self-care demand of the dependent
person and/or regulate the development and exercise of
the dependent's self-care agency.
49. Self-Care Deficit is the relation between an individual's therapeutic

self-care demands and his or her powers of self-care
agency in which the constituent-developed self-care ca-
pabilities within self-care agency are inoperable or inad-
equate for knowing and meeting some or all components
of the existent or projected therapeutic self-care demand
(
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50. Dependent-care is a relationship that exists when the dependent care
deficit provider's agency is not adequate to meet the therapeutic
self-care demand of the person receiving dependent care
51. Nursing agency comprises developed capabilities of persons educated as

nurses that empower them to represent themselves as
nurses and within the frame of a legitimate interpersonal
relationship to act, to know, and to help persons in such
relationships to meet their therapeutic self-care demands
and to regulate the development or exercise of their self-
care
52. Nursing agency also incorporates the capabilities of nurses to assist per-
sons who provide dependent care to regulate the devel-
opment or exercise of their dependent-care agency
53. Nursing design a professional function performed both before and after
nursing diagnosis and prescription, allows nurses, on the
basis of reflective practical judgments about existent con-
ditions, to synthesize concrete situational elements into
orderly relations to structure operational unit
54. Nursing design the purpose of this is to provide guides for achieving need-
ed and foreseen results in the production of nursing to-
ward the achievement of nursing goals; these units taken
together constitute the pattern that guides the production
of nursing
55. Nursing systems are series and sequences of deliberate practical actions
of nurses performed at times in coordination with the
actions of their patients to know and meet components
of patients' therapeutic self-care demands and to protect
and regulate the exercise or development of patients'
self-care agency
56. helping method from a nursing perspective is a sequential series of ac-

tions that, if performed, will overcome or compensate for
the health-associated limitations of individuals to engage
in actions to regulate their own functioning and develop-
ment or that of their dependents
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57. Basic condition- condition or affect the value of the therapeutic self-care
ing factors demand and/or the self-care agency of an individual at
particular times and under specific circumstances.
58. Basic condition- Age n Gender

ing factors Developmental state
Health state
Pattern of living
Health care system factors
Family system factors n Socio-cultural factors
Availability of resources
External environmental factors
59. Human beings According to Orem, these require continuous, deliberate

inputs to themselves and their environments to remain
alive and function in accordance with natural human en-
dowments
60. Human agency the power to act deliberately, is exercised in the form of
care for self and others in identifying needs and making
needed inputs. (according to Orem)
61. Human agency According to Orem, this is exercised in discovering, devel-

oping, and transmitting ways and means to identify needs
and make inputs to self and others.
62. nursing is human action;
63. Nursing agency includes concepts of deliberate action, including inten-

tionality, and the operations of diagnosis, prescription,
and regulation.
64. Nursing systems may be produced for individuals, for persons who consti-
tute a dependent-care unit, for groups whose members
have therapeutic self-care demands with similar compo-
nents or who have similar limitations for engagement in
self-care or dependent care, and for families or other
multi-person units.
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65. Theory of The central idea of this theory is that the requirements of
Self-Care Deficit persons for nursing are associated with the subjectivity of
mature and maturing persons to health-related or health
care- related action limitations. These limitations render
them completely or partially unable to know existent and
emerging requisites for regulatory care for themselves or
their dependents
66. Self-care deficit a term that expresses the relationship between the action
capabilities of individuals and their demands for care.
Self-care deficit is an abstract concept that, when ex-
pressed in terms of action limitations, provides guides for
the selection of methods for helping and understanding
patient roles in self-care.
67. Self-care a human regulatory function that individuals must, with

deliberation, perform themselves or must have per-
formed for them to maintain life, health, development, and
well-being
68. Self-care must be learned, and it must be performed deliberately

and continuously in time and in conformity with the regu-
latory requirements of individuals.
69. theory of depen- "explains how the self-care system is modified when it
dent care is directed toward a person who is socially dependent
and needs assistance in meeting his or her self-care
requisites"
70. person Someone that functions biologically, symbolically, and so-

cially
Q Has the potential for learning & development
Q Is subject to the forces of nature
Q Has a capacity for self-knowledge
Q Can engage in deliberate actions, interpret experiences,
and perform beneficial actions
Q Can learn to meet self-care needs (requisites)
71. Environment The quality this can positively or negatively impact a

person's ability to provide self-care
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72. Nursing A service geared towards helping the self and others
Q Is required when self-care demands exceed a patient's
self-care ability (agency)
Q Promotes the patient as a self-care agent
Q Comprised of several components
73. Developmental an environment that promotes goal achievement

environment
74. Health Orem accepts the fundamental importance of the given

aspect and assumes that the term healthy should be used
to describe the normal state of individuals when they
are structurally and functionally sound and are able to
perform their traditional activities
75. Humans/Per- "men, women, and children cared for either singly or as
sons social units" and are the "material object" of nurses and
others who provide direct care.
76. environment According to Orem this has physical, chemical, and bio-
logical features. It includes the family, culture, and com-
munity.
77. Health "being structurally and functionally whole or sound." Also,

health is a state that encompasses both the health of
individuals and groups, and human health is the ability to
reflect on oneself, symbolize experience, and communi-
cate with others.
78. Nursing an art through which the practitioner of nursing gives

specialized assistance to persons with disabilities, mak-
ing more than ordinary assistance necessary to meet
self-care needs
79. Imogene King •She developed a general systems framework and a the-
ory of goal attainment where the framework refers to the
three interacting systems - individual or personal, group
or interpersonal, and society or social.
•
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80. Imogene King she emphasizes that both the nurse and the client bring
important knowledge and information to the relationship
and that they work together to achieve goals.
81. Imogene King she •used a "systems" approach in the development of

her dynamic interacting systems framework and in her
subsequent Goal-Attainment Theory.
82. Imogene King According to her, nursing's focus is on the care of the
patient, and its goal is the health care of patients and
groups of patients.
83. Imogene King •"Nursing is a process of action, reaction and interaction

by which nurse and client share information about their
perception in a nursing situation" (who said this)
84. Imogene King who said this "a process of human interactions between
nurse and client whereby each perceives the other and
the situation, and through communication, they set goals,
explore means, and agree on means to achieve goals."
85. Imogene King •"Nursing is an observable behavior found in the health

care systems in society. The goal of nursing is to help
individuals maintain their health so they can function in
their roles." Imogene King (1998) who said this?
86. Imogene King •"The nursing domain involves human beings, families
and communities as a framework within which nurses
make transactions in multiple environments with health
as goal."(who said this)
87. •Open Systems •"focuses on the continuing ability of individuals to meet

Model / In- their basic needs so that they may function in their socially
teracting Sys- defined roles, as well as on individuals' interactions within
tems Framework three dynamic, interacting systems."
/ General Sys-
tems Framework
88.
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PERSONAL SYS- • These are fundamental concepts in understanding a
TEM human being. (what system?)
89. Personal System • An individual is described as "a unified being, or self,

who perceives, thinks, desires, imagines, decides, and
identifies goals to be achieved" (King, 1981, p. 19). (under
what system?)
90. Interpersonal Consist of groups or individuals interacting with one an-

system other
91. Interpersonal Displays how the relationship between the nurse and
system patient is important for the achievement and development
of goals.
92. Interpersonal Most important system according to King.

system
93. Interpersonal this systejm includes o Interaction o Transaction o Com-

System munication o Role o Coping o Stress
94. Personal System This concept/system include o Perception

o Self
o Growth and development
o Time
o Body image
o Learning
o Personal Space
95. Social System • are groups of people within a community or society who
share common goals, interests, and values.
96. Social System It provides a framework for social interaction and relation-
ships and establishes rules of behavior and courses of
action
97. social systems The this system includes

o Organization
o Authority
o Power
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o Status
o Control
o Decision making
98. Human be- A

Ï re open, social beings who are unique, rational, sentient,
ings/persons and capable of making decisions.
ÏHave the ability to perceive, think, feel, choose, set goals
and select means to achieve goals.
ÏHave values that are linked to their culture and dictate
their behavior and goals.
ÏDiffer in their needs, desires, and goals
99. Human be- Ï ave three fundamental needs, which include the follow-
H
ings/persons ing:
¤ Health information
¤ Care that seeks to prevent illness
¤ Care when they are unable to help themselves
100. Health informa- According to King, human beings/persons have these

tion, Care that three fundamental needs
seeks to pre-
vent illness, Care
when they are
unable to help
themselves
101. Health Is the dynamic life experiences of a human being, which

calls for the continuous adjustment to stressors in the
internal and external environments causing the optimum
use of one's resources to achieve
102. Health • Is made up of genetic, subjective, relative, dynamic,

environmental, functional, cultural, and perceptual char-
acteristics.
103. Health Ïthe background for human interactions.
104. Internal or exter- Environment, according to King, could be _____ or

nal ______
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105. Internal Environ- type of environment according to King that transforms
ment energy to enable humans to adjust to continuous external
changes.
106. External Envi- This type of environment involves formal and informal
ronment organizations and is a source of stress and continuous
changes.
107. Nursing is a goal-seeking system where the performance of roles

and responsibilities assists human beings to attain, main-
tain, and restore health.
108. Nursing is a series of actions, reactions, and interactions where

the nurse and client exchange information and percep-
tions and set goals and determine the means to achieve
the goals.
109. Theory of Goal •"Focuses on the continuing ability of individuals to meet

Attainment their basic needs so that they may function in their socially
defined roles, as well as on individuals' interactions within
three open, dynamic, interacting systems. (what theory)
110. Nursing is a process of action, reaction, and interaction whereby

nurse and client share information about their perceptions
in the nursing situation.
111. Health is a dynamic life experience of a human being, which

implies continuous adjustment to stressors in the internal
and external environment through optimum use of one's
resources to achieve maximum daily living potential.
112. Human be- are social beings who are rational and sentient. Humans
ings/Persons communicate their thoughts, actions, customs, and be-
liefs through language.
113. environment is the background for human interactions. It is both exter-

nal to, and internal to, the individual.
114. Concepts
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According to King, these give meaning to our sense
perceptions and permit generalizations about persons,
objects, and things"
115. concepts According to King, these are "abstract ideas that give
meaning to our sense perceptions, permit generaliza-
tions, and tend to be stored in our memory for recall and
use at a later time in new and different situations"
116. According to King, this is "a set of concepts, that, when

defined, are interrelated and observable in the world of
nursing practice" and serves to build "scientific knowledge
for nursing"
117. Self According to King, this is a composite of thoughts and

feelings which constitute a person's awareness of his
[/her] individual existence, his [/her] conception of who
and what he [/she] is. A person's self is the sum total
of all he [/she] can call his [/hers]. The self includes,
among other things, a system of ideas, attitudes, values,
and commitments. The self is a person's total subjective
environment. It is a distinctive center of experience and
significance
118. Self constitutes a person's inner world as distinguished from

the outer world consisting of all other people and things.
The self is the individual as known to the individual. It is
that to which we refer when we say, 'I'"
119. King's conceptu- this is "based on an overall assumption that the focus of
al system and nursing is human beings interacting with their environ-
Theory of Goal ment, leading to a state of health for individuals, which is
Attainment an ability to function in social roles"
120. Imogene King Individuals are spiritual beings (who said this?)
121. Imogene King Individuals have the ability through their language and
other symbols to record their history and preserve their
culture (who said this)
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122. Imogene King Individuals are unique and holistic, of intrinsic worth, and
capable of rational thinking and decision making in most
situations (who said this)
123. Imogene King Individuals differ in their needs, wants, and goals (who
said this?)
124. Health According to King, this is a dynamic state in the life cycle,
while illness interferes with that process.
125. Health According to King, this "implies continuous adjustment to

stress in the internal and external environment through
the optimum use of one's resources to achieve the maxi-
mum potential for daily living"
126. Imogene King she believed that "an understanding of the ways that
human beings interact with their environment to maintain
health was essential for nurses"
127. Open systems imply that interactions occur constantly between the sys-
tem and the system's environment.
128. Imogene King adjustments to life and health are influenced by [an] in-
dividual's interaction with environment . . . Each human
being perceives the world as a total person in making
transactions with individuals and things in the environ-
ment" (who said this)
129. King's Theory of focuses on the interpersonal system and the interactions
Goal Attainment that take place between individuals, specifically in the
( nurse-patient relationship. In the nursing process, each
member of the dyad perceives the other, makes judg-
ments, and takes actions. Together, these activities cul-
minate in reaction. Interactions result and, if perceptu-
al congruence exists and disturbances are conquered,
transactions will occur.
130. 8 how many propositions in theory of goal attainment pro-

posed by Imogene King?
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131. Martha Rogers she addresses the importance of the environment as an
integral part of the patient.
132. Martha Rogers she believed that human and his environment are a single
unit and therefore, must be studied together.
133. Martha Rogers • She also felt that human beings and their environment
evolve, change, and move ahead together and after the
change occurs, both humans and their environment can-
not return to their former stage.
134. Science of Uni- Nursing is viewed as both a science and an art that is
tary Human Be- humanistic and humanitarian in the theory because it
ings provides a means to view the unitary human person as
an intrinsic part of the universe (what theory)
135. Science of Uni- • Nursing is concerned with people and the outcomes
tary Human Be- of the mutual human-environmental field interaction with
ings their environment. (what theory)
136. science of nurs- SUHB contains two dimensions

ing and art of
nursing
137. Science of nurs- • the knowledge specific to the field of nursing that comes
ing from scientific research.
138. Art of nursing - involves using the science of nursing creatively to help
better the lives of the patient.
139. Martha Rogers "Man is a unified whole possessing his own integrity and
manifesting characteristics more than and different from
the sum of his parts" (energy field) who said this
140. Martha Rogers "Man and environment are continuously exchanging mat-
ter and energy with one another" (openness) who said
this?
141. Martha Rogers "The life process evolves irreversibly and unidirectional
along the space-time continuum" (helicy) who said this?
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142. Martha Rogers "Pattern and organization identify man and reflect his in-
novative wholeness" (pattern and organization) who said
this?
143. Martha Rogers "Man is characterized by the capacity for abstraction and
imagery, language and thought, sensation, and emotion"
(sentient, thinking being) who said this?
144. energy field "Man is a unified whole possessing his own integrity and
manifesting characteristics more than and different from
the sum of his parts"
145. openness "Man and environment are continuously exchanging mat-

ter and energy with one another"
146. helicacy "The life process evolves irreversibly and unidirectional

along the space-time continuum"
147. Energy field The continuously flowing energy fields are the basic units
of both living and non-living things
148. Field unifying concept
149. energy • signifies the dynamic nature of the field.
150. Human and envi- are identified as energy fields.

ronment
151. • Energy fields vary in intensity, density, and extent.
152. Openness (Open • The human field and the environmental field are open
System) system which are constantly in mutual process.
153. Openness (Open • There is no boundary or barrier that can inhibit the flow
System) of energy between human and environment.
154. Pattern is defined as the distinguishing characteristic of an energy

field perceived as a single wave.
155. Pattern an abstraction and it gives identity to the field."

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156. Pan dimension- • is defined as "nonlinear domain without spatial or tem-

ality poral attributes."
157. pan dimensional • Human beings are this type of being and have more than
three dimensions.
158. Homeodynamics -Refers to the balance between the dynamic life process
and environment.
159. resonancy, heli- 3 Principles of homeodynamics

cacy, integrality
160. Resonancy - continuous change from the lower to higher frequency

wave pattern in the energy fields.
161. Helicy - the nature of change is unpredictable, continuous, and

innovative.
162. Integrality - there is a continuous and mutual process between hu-

man field and environmental field.
163. Unitary Human • It is defined as an indivisible, pan-dimensional energy

Being (Person) field identified by a pattern and manifesting characteris-
tics specific to the whole.
164. Unitary Human is an open system which continuously interacts with en-
Being (Person) vironment.
165. Unitary Human • cannot be viewed as parts, it should be considered as a

Being (Person) whole.
166. environment Rogers defines this as irreducible, not limited by space

and time, identified by its pattern and organization
167. environment according to rogers, this is in constant interaction with the

human being.
168. Environmental
fields
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these fields are infinite, and change is continuously in-
novative, unpredictable, and characterized by increasing
diversity.
169. Health rogers defined this as an expression of the life process.
170. Health • It is determined by the interaction between energy fields

of human and environments.
171. Martha Rogers • The focus of nursing is the care of people within their life
process and the lived experience.
• Nursing exists for the care of people and the life process
of humans.
• Aims to assist people in achieving their maximum health
potential.
who said this?
172. pattern Is perceived as a single wave according to Martha Rogers

and her theory of unitary human beings
173. Pattern is an abstraction and reveals itself through manifestation
174. Universe of open the concept of this holds that energy fields are infinite,
systems open, and integral with one another.
175. Four dimension- it is the previous name for pan dimensionality

ality
176. Pan dimension- "essentially a spaceless and timeless reality"

ality
177. pan dimensional this term provides for an infinite domain without limit. It
best expresses the idea of a unitary whole
178. Unitary human an open system in continuous process with the open
beings system that is the environment (integrality-the process)
179. Human beings according to Rogers these "are not disembodied entities,
nor are more than and different from the sum of his parts."
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180. passive health rogers uses this term "to symbolize wellness and the
absence of disease and major illness"
181. wellness Rogers, later use this term because this "is a much better
term...because the term health is ambiguous."
182. health rogers uses this terms as a value term defined by the
culture of the individual
183. Martha Rogers She believes that in terms of health and treatment, a
patient should never be removed from his or her surround-
ings. Human's coexistence with its surroundings and it
played a significant role in the process toward greater
health.
184. Health and ill- according to rogers these two are manifestations of pat-
ness terns and are considered "to denote behaviors that are of
high value and low value"
185. In her nursing's conceptual model system, central phe-

nomenon is the human life process
186. Wellness human's sense of well-being
187. homeodynamic rogers wrote that "the life process is _______...these

principles postulate the way the life process is and predict
the nature of its evolving."
188. Resonancy intensity of change (rogers)
189. Resonancy Continuously propagating series of waves between man

and environment
190. Resonancy Continuous change from lower- to higherfrequency wave

patterns in the human and environmental fields
191. Resonancy patterning changes with the developmental from lower to

higher frequency, that is, with varying degrees of intensity
192. Resonancy
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embodies wave frequency and energy field pattern evo-
lution
193. Helicy evolution (principle of homeodynamic)
194. Helicy Continuous, innovative change growing out of mutual in-

teraction of man and environment along a spiraling longi-
tudinal axis bound in space-time
195. Helicy Nature of change between human and environmental

fields is continuously innovative, probabilistic, and in-
creasingly diverse, manifesting nonrepeating rhythmici-
ties
196. Helicy describes spiral development in continuous, nonrepeat-

ing, and innovative patterning
197. Reciprocacy Continuous mutual interaction between the human and

environmental fields (could be synchrony)
198. Integrality stresses the continuous mutual process of person and

environment
199. Homeodynamics (nature, process, and context of change) that supports

and exemplify the assertion that the "universe is energy
that is always becoming more diverse through changing,
continuous wave frequencies"
200. Homeodynamics (similar state of change and growth)
201. Helicy The nature of change is unpredictable, continuous, and

innovative.
202. Wellness person's state of well-being
203. Neuman Sys- · Unique system based perspective that provides a unify-
tems Model ing focus for approaching a wide range of nursing con-
cerns
204.
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Neuman Sys- Based on stress and the reaction /potential reaction to
tems Model stress with a philosophical basis in wholeness, wellness,
client perception and motivation, energy and environmen-
tal reaction
205. Neuman Sys- · It focuses on the response of the maintenance of the

tems Model client's system's stability through primary, secondary and
tertiary nursing prevention intervention to reduce stres-
sors.
206. Betty Neuman The central philosophy of her nursing theory consists of
energy resources that are surrounded by three things:
several lines of resistance, which represent the internal
factors helping the patient fight against a stressor; the
normal line of defense, which represents the patient's
equilibrium; and the flexible line of defense, which repre-
sents the dynamic nature that can rapidly change over a
short time.
207. basic structure or central core, comprises those basic survival factors
common to the species. These factors include the system
variables, genetic features, and strengths and weakness-
es of the system parts.
208. human being i In the Neuman Model, this looked upon as an open sys-
tems in contact with his environment.
209. flexible line of as the client system's first protective mechanism.

defense
210. flexible line of ÏIt is perceived as serving as a protective buffer for pre-
defense venting stressors from breaking through the usual well-
ness state as represented by the normal line of defense.
211. Normal Line of It is considered to be the usual level of stability in the

Defense system. (neuman)
212. Normal Line of It can change over time in response to coping or respond-
Defense ing to the environment (neuman)
22 / 39
213. Lines of Resis- The last boundary that protects the basic structure
tance
214. Lines of Resis- • Protects the basic structure and becomes activated
tance when environmental stressors invade the normal line of
defense. (Example: when a certain bacterium enters our
systems, there is an increase in leukocyte count to com-
bat infection.
215. Physiological - refers to the structure and functions of the body

variable
216. Sociocultural - refers to system functions that relate to social and cul-
variable tural expectations
217. Psychological - refers to mental processes and relationships

variable
218. Developmental - refers to processes related to development over lifespan

variable
219. Spiritual variable - refers to the influence of spiritual beliefs
220. Betty Neuman Nursing

-A unique profession that requires holistic approach, con-
siders all factors affecting client's health (who said this?)
221. Betty Neuman Nursing aims to promote optional wellness to its client
through retention, attainment or maintenance of the sta-
bility of client's system (who said this?)
222. Neuman Sys- is a dynamic, open, systems approach to client care

tems Model originally developed to provide a unifying focus for defin-
ing nursing problems and for understanding the client in
interaction with the environment. (what theory)
223. Clients are viewed as wholes whose parts are in dynamic inter-
action. (according to Neuman)
224. wholistic
23 / 39
Neuman changed the spelling of the term holistic to
______ in the second edition to enhance understanding
of the term as referring to the whole person
225. system is open when there is a continuous flow of input and

processes, output, and feedback (Neuman)
226. Function or The client as a system exchanges energy, information,

Process and matter with the environment as well as other parts
and subparts of the system as it uses available energy
resources to move toward stability and wholeness (a ma-
jor concept under open system) (Neuman)
227. Input and Output For the client as a system, input and output are the matter,
energy, and information that are exchanged between the
client and the environment (a major concept under open
system) (Neuman)
228. feedback System output in the form of matter, energy, and infor-
mation serves as ________ for future input for corrective
action to change, enhance, or stabilize the system
229. negentropy The process of energy conservation that assists sys-

tem in the progression toward stability or wellness is
__________
230. Stability is a dynamic and desirable state of balance in which

energy exchanges can take place without disruption of
the character of the system, which points toward optimal
health and integrity
231. Environment As defined by Neuman, " . . . internal and external forces

surrounding the client, influencing and being influenced
by the client, at any point in tim
232. created environ- is developed unconsciously by the client to express sys-

ment tem wholeness symbolically. Its purpose is to provide
protection for client system functioning and to insulate the
client from stressors (neuman)
24 / 39
233. developmental refers to age-related processes and activities.
variable
234. Basic structure The client as a system is composed of a central core

surrounded by concentric rings. The inner circle of the
diagram (see Figure 16-1) represents the basic survival
factors or energy resources of the client. This core struc-
ture " . . . consists of basic survival factors common to
human beings," such as innate or genetic features (neu-
man) (part of client system)
235. Lines of Resis- A series of broken rings surrounding the basic core struc-
tance ture .These rings represent resource factors that help the
client defend against a stressor
236. Lines of Resis- serve as protection factors that are activated by stressors
tance pen
237. normal line of de- is the model's outer solid circle

fense
238. normal line of de- It represents the adaptational level of health developed
fense over the course of MAJOR CONCEPTS & DEFINI-
TIONS—cont'd time and serves as the standard by which
to measure wellness deviation
239. flexible line of The model's outer broken ring is called the ___________.
defense It is perceived as serving as a protective buffer for prevent-
ing stressors from breaking through the usual wellness
state as represented by the normal line of defense
240. flexible line of Neuman describes ________ as the client system's first
defense protective mechanism.
241. Health is a continuum of wellness to illness that is dynamic in

nature. Optimal wellness exists when the total system
needs are being completely met (neuman)
242. Illness
25 / 39
exists at the opposite end of the continuum from wellness
and represents a state of instability and energy depletion
(neuman)
243. Wellness exists when all system subparts interact in harmony with
the whole system and all system needs are being met
(neuman)
244. Stressors are tension-producing stimuli that have the potential to

disrupt system stability, leading to an outcome that may
be positive or negative. (neuman)
245. Intrapersonal occurring within the individual, such as conditioned re-

forces sponses (neuman)
246. Interpersonal occurring between one or more individuals, such as role

forces expectations (neuman)
247. Extrapersonal occurring outside the individual, such as financial circum-

forces stances (neuman)
248. degree of reac- represents system instability that occurs when stressors
tion invade the normal line of defense
249. Interventions are purposeful actions to help the client retain, attain, or
maintain system stability. They can occur before or after
protective lines of defense and resistance are penetrated.
Neuman supports beginning intervention when a stressor
is suspected or identified and are based on possible or ac-
tual degree of reaction, resources, goals, and anticipated
outcomes.
250. primary, sec- Neuman identifies three levels of intervention namely:

ondary, tertiary
251. Primary preven- is used when a stressor is suspected or identified. A

tion reaction has not yet occurred, MAJOR CONCEPTS &
DEFINITIONS—cont'd but the degree of risk is known.
The purpose is to reduce the possibility of encounter with
the stressor or to decrease the possibility of a reaction
26 / 39
252. Secondary pre- involves interventions or treatment initiated after symp-

vention toms from stress have occurred. The client's internal and
external resources are used to strengthen internal lines of
resistance, reduce the reaction, and increase resistance
factors
253. Tertiary preven- occurs after the active treatment or secondary prevention
tion stage. It focuses on readjustment toward optimal client
system stability. The goal is to maintain optimal wellness
by preventing recurrence of reaction or regression. leads
back in a circular fashion toward primary prevention
254. Reconstitution occurs after treatment for stressor reactions. It represents

return of the system to stability, which may be at a higher
or lower level of wellness than before stressor invasion
255. person Neuman presents the concept of ________ as an open

client system in reciprocal interaction with the environ-
ment.
256. created environ- is unconsciously developed and is used by the client to

ment support protective coping (neuman)
257. created environ- is dynamic in nature and mobilizes all system variables to
ment create an insulating effect that helps the client cope with
the threat of environmental stressors by changi
258. Adaptation refers to "the process and outcome whereby thinking

and feeling persons, as individuals or in groups, use
conscious awareness and choice to create human and
environmental integration (Roy)
259. focal, contextual, classes of stimuli according to Roy

residual
260. Focal Stimuli -The focal stimulus is "the internal or external stimulus
most immediately confronting the human system"
261.
27 / 39
Contextual stim- "are all other stimuli present in the situation that contribute
uli to the effect of the focal stimulus" Are all the environmen-
tal factors that present to the person from within or without
but which are not the center of the per son's attention
and/or energy.
262. Residual stimuli "are environmental factors within or without the human
system with effects in the current situation that are un-
clear"
263. Coping process- "are innate or acquired ways of interact ing with the
es changing environment" (roy)
264. Innate coping "are genetically determined or common to the species

mechanisms and are generally viewed as auto matic processes; hu-
mans do not have to think about them" (roy)
265. Acquired coping "are developed through strategies such as learning. The
mechanisms experiences encountered throughout life contribute to
customary responses to particular stimuli"
266. regulator sub- Coping Mechanism is categorized: into two (subsystem)

system and cog-
nator subsystem
267. Regulator Sub- is "a major coping process involving the neural, chemical,
system and endocrine systems"
268. Cognator Sub- is "a major coping process involving four cognitive-emo-
system tive channels: perceptual and informa tion processing,
learning, judgment, and emotion
269. physiologi- four adaptive modes according to Roy

cal-physical
mode,
self-con-
cept-group
identity mode,
role function
mode,
28 / 39
interdepen-
dence mode
270. Physiologi- -is associated with the physical and chemical processes
cal-Physical involved in the function and activities of living organisms"
Mode
271. Self-Con- is one of the three psychosocial modes; "it focuses specif-
cept-Group ically on the psychological and spiritual aspects of the
Identity Mode- human system"
272. Role Function -"is one of two social modes and focuses on the roles the
Mode person occupies in society. A role, as the functioning unit
of society, is defined as a set of expectations about how a
person occupying one position behaves toward a person
occupying another position.
273. Interdepen- -focuses on close relationships of people (individually and

dence Mode collectively) and their purpose, structure, and develop-
ment.
274. Nursing Health care profession that focuses on human life

processes and patterns and emphasizes promotion of
health for individuals, families, groups, and society as a
whole. (according to roy. what metaparadigm)
275. Nursing Its Goal is the promotion of adaptation for individuals and
groups in each of the four adaptive modes thus contribut-
ing to health, quality of life, and dying with dignity (roy)
276. PERSON As an adaptive system, the human system is described as

a whole with parts that function as unity for some purpose.
277. PERSON Human systems have thinking and feeling capacities,

rooted in consciousness and meaning, by which they
adjust effectively to changes in the environment and, in
turn, affect the environment
(what metaparadigm by roy)
278. Environment
29 / 39
All conditions, circumstances, and influences surrounding
and affecting the development and behavior of persons
or groups with particular consideration of the mutuality of
persons and earth resources that includes focal, contex-
tual, and residual stimuli. (what metaparadigm by roy)
279. health a state and a process of being and becoming integrated

and a whole person. It is a reflection of adaptation, that is,
the interaction of the person and the environment. (what
metaparadigm by roy)
280. system is "a set of parts connected to function as a whole for

some purpose and that does so by virtue of the inter-
dependence of its parts" also have inputs, outputs, and
control and feedback processes"(roy)
281. Adaptation level " represents the condition of the life processes described
on three levels as integrated, compensatory, and compro-
mised"
282. Adaptation prob- are "broad areas of concern related to adaptation. These
lems describe the difficulties related to the indicators of positive
adaptation"
283. focal stimulus is "the internal or external stimulus most immediately

confronting the human system" (type of stimuli)
284. Contextual stim- "are all other stimuli present in the situation that contribute
uli to the effect of the focal stimulus" (Roy & Andrews, 1999,
p. 31), that is, and " are all the environmental factors that
present to the person from within or without but which are
not the center of the person's attention and/or energy"
285. Residual stimuli "are environmental factors within or without the human
system with effects in the current situation that are unclear
(type of stimuli by roy)
286. Coping process- "are innate or acquired ways of interacting with the chang-
es ing environment ( by roy)
30 / 39
287. Adaptive re- are those "that promote integrity in terms of the goals of
sponses human systems" (by roy)
288. Ineffective re- are those "that do not contribute to integrity in terms of the
sponses goals of the human system" (by roy)
289. Integrated life refers to the "adaptation level at which the structures and
process functions of a life process are working as a whole to meet
human need (by roy)
290. physiological in- The basic need of the physiological mode is __________
tegrity (by roy)
291. physical mode is "the manner in which the collective human adaptive
system manifests adaptation relative to basic operating
resources, participants, physical facilities, and fiscal re-
sources" (by roy)
292. operating in- The basic need of the physical mode is ______ (by roy)
tegrity
293. Self-con- "it focuses specifically on the psychological and spiritual

cept-Group aspects of the human system. The basic need underlying
Identity Mode the individual self-concept mode has been identified as
psychic and spiritual integrity, or the need to know who
one is so that one can be or exist with a sense of unity,
meaning, and purposefulness in the universe" (by roy)
294. Self-concept is defined by Roy as the composite of beliefs and feelings

about oneself at a given time and is formed from internal
perceptions and perceptions of others' reactions"
295. physical self and self-concept has two components according to roy
personal self
296. physical self which involves sensation and body image (by roy)
297. personal self which is made up of self-consistency, self-ideal or ex-

pectancy, and the moral-ethical-spiritual self (by roy)
31 / 39
298. group identity "reflects how people in groups perceive themselves
mode based on environmental feedback. The ______ [is com-
posed] of interpersonal relationships, group self-image,
social milieu, and culture"
299. social integrity The basic need underlying the role function mode has
been identified as____________ —the need to know who
one is in relation to others so that one can act"
300. instrumental and Persons perform primary, secondary, and tertiary roles.
expressive These roles are carried out with these two behaviors. (by
roy)
301. Instrumental be- is "the actual physical performance of a behavior"

havior
302. Expressive be- are "the feelings, attitudes, likes or dislikes that a person
haviors has about a role or about the performance of a role"
303. primary role determines the majority of behavior engaged in by the

person during a particular period of life. It is determined
by age, sex, and developmental stage (type of role by roy)
304. Secondary roles are those that a person assumes to complete the task
associated with a developmental stage and primary role
(
305. Tertiary roles are related primarily to secondary roles and represent
ways in which individuals meet their role associated oblig-
ations . . . Tertiary roles are normally temporary in nature,
freely chosen by the individual, and may include activities
such as clubs or hobbies
306. interdepen- This focuses on close relationships of people (individually

dence mode and collectively) and their purpose, structure, and devel-
opment . . . relationships involve the willingness and ability
to give to others and accept from them aspects of all that
one has to offer such as love, respect, value, nurturing,
knowledge, skills, commitments, material possessions,
time, and talents" (by roy)
32 / 39
307. relational integri- the basic need of interdependence mode is termed as

ty
308. Perception is the interpretation of a stimulus and the conscious ap-

preciation of it" (Pollock, 1993, p. 169). Perception links
the regulator with the cognator and connects the adaptive
modes (by roy)
309. Human adaptive are complex and multifaceted and respond to a myriad
systems of environmental stimuli to achieve adaptation. With their
ability to adapt to environmental stimuli, humans have the
capacity to create changes in the environment (by roy)
310. Humanism asserts that the person and human experiences are es-
sential to knowing and valuing, and that they share in
creative power. (by roy)
311. Veritivity affirms the belief in the purpose, value, and meaning
of all human life. These scientific and philosophical as-
sumptions have been refined for use of the model in the
twenty-first century (by roy)
312. adaptation refers to "the process and outcome whereby thinking

and feeling persons, as individuals or in groups, use
conscious awareness and choice to create human and
environmental integration" (by roy)
313. health is not freedom from the inevitability of death, disease,

unhappiness, and stress, but the ability to cope with them
in a competent way" (by roy)
314. Environment is the input into the person as an adaptive system involv-
ing both internal and external factors (by roy)
315. Johnson's Be- (JBSM) was heavily influenced by Florence Nightingale's

havioral System book.
Model
316.
33 / 39
Johnson's Be- is a nursing care model that advocates the fostering of
havioral System efficient and effective behavioral functioning in the patient
Model to prevent illness
317. Johnson's Be- ÏGoal of the model is to maintain and restore balance in
havioral System the patient by helping him achieve a more optimal level of
Model functioning.
318. 1Affiliative Sub- The Behavioral System is composed of seven (7) behav-
system, De- ioral subsystems:
pendency Sub-
system, Inges-
tive Subsystem,
Eliminative Sub-
system, Sexual
Subsystem, Ag-
gressive Sub-
system, Achieve-
ment Subsystem
319. Dorothy E. John- "All of us, scientists and practicing professionals, must
son turn our attention to practice and ask questions of that
practice. We must be inquisitive and inquiring, seeking the
fullest and truest possible understanding of the theoretical
and practical problems we encounter." (who said this?)
320. Dorothy E. John- she believed that medicine and nursing are two distinct
son specialties with two different focal points; medicine's focus
is on the biological system while nursing's focus is on the
behavioral system.
321. Dorothy E. John- • She considered nursing a science as well as an art

son and felt that nursing education was for the purpose of
improving the future of nursing care.
322. Dorothy E. John- "Nursing is an external regulatory force that acts to pre-
son serve the organization and integration of the patient's
behavior at an optimal level under those conditions in
which the behavior constitutes a threat to physical or
social health or in which illness is found." (who said this)
34 / 39
323. Johnson's Be- · The goal of this is to reducing stressful stimuli, and
havioral System second, by supporting natural and adaptive processes
model
324. Behavioral Sys- ÏEncompasses the patterned, repetitive, and purposeful

tem ways of behaving.
325. Behavioral Sys- ÏThese ways of behaving form an organized and integrat-
tem ed functional unit that determines and limits the interac-
tion between the person and his or her environment and
establishes the relationship of the person to the objects,
events, and situations within his or her environment.
326. Attachment-Affil- ÏIs identified as the first response system to develop in the
iative Subsystem individual
Ï The optimal functioning of the affiliative subsystem allows
"social inclusion, intimacy, and the formation and mainte-
nance of a strong social bond" (a subsystem of Johnson)
327. dependency sub- Ïpromotes helping behavior that calls for a nurturing re-
system sponse
328. dependency sub- ÏDevelopmentally, dependency behavior evolves from al-

system most total dependence on others to a greater degree
of dependence on self. A certain amount of interdepen-
dence is essential for the survival of social groups (what
subsystem according to Johnson)
329. Ingestive Sub- ÏThe ingestive subsystem "has to do with when, how,
system what, how much, and under what conditions we eat"
Ï "It serves the broad function of appetitive satisfaction"
This behavior is associated with social, psychological,
and biological considerations
Ï relates to the behaviors surrounding the intake of food
(wha t subsystem according to Johnson)
330. eliminative sub- addresses "when, how, and under what conditions we
system eliminate" (according to Johnson; a subsystem)
35 / 39
331. Eliminative sub- Ï ,the social and psychological factors are viewed as
system influencing the biological aspects of this subsystem and
may be, at times, in conflict with this subsystem
Ï relates to behaviors surrounding the excretion of waste
products from the body
332. Sexual Subsys- Ïhas the dual functions of procreation and gratification.
tem Including, but not limited to, courting and mating, this
response system begins with the development of gender
role identity and includes the broad range of sex-role
behaviors (johnson subsystem)
333. Achievement ÏIntellectual, physical, creative, mechanical, and social

Subsystem skills are some of the areas that Johnson recognizes.
Its function is control or mastery of an aspect of self or
environment to some standard of excellence. (johnson
subsystem)
334. Aggressive-Pro- Ïrelates to behaviors concerned with protection and

tective self-preservation (johnson subsystem)
Subsystem
335. Equilibrium - It is defined as "a stabilized but more or less transitory,

resting state in which the individual is in harmony with
himself and with his environment"
336. Regulation/Con- - The interrelated behavioral subsystems must be regu-

trol lated in some fashion so that its goals can be realized.
337. Stressor - A stimulus from the internal or external world that results
in stress or instability.
338. Tension - The system's adjustment to demands, change or growth,

or to actual disruptions
339. imperatives, functional requirement according to dorothy johnson

regulation/con- (IRTS)
trol, tension,
stressor
36 / 39
340. Person - Johnson viewed this as a behavioral system with pat-
terned, repetitive, and purposeful ways of behaving that
link the person with the environment
341. Person According to Johnson, this is composed of 7 subsystems

that are interdependent to one another and that it requires
regularity and adjustment to maintain balance
342. Person According to Johnson, this is an external force acting to

preserve the organization and integration of the patient's
behavior to an optimal level by means of imposing tem-
porary regulatory or control mechanisms or by providing
resources while the patient is experiencing stress or be-
havioral system Imbalance
343. biological sys- According to Johnson, nursing views patients as behav-

tems ioral systems and medicine views patients as _______?
344. Dorothy E. John- - The goal of nursing care emphasizes balance, stability,
son order, and maintenance of the integrity of the patient (who
said this?)
345. Environment According to Johnson, this is consists of all the factors

that are not part of the individual's behavioral system, but
that influence the system
- all elements of the human system's surroundings and
includes interior stressors
346. Behavior Johnson accepted the definition of this as expressed

by the behavioral and biological scientists; that is, the
"output of intraorganismic structures and processes as
they are coordinated and articulated by and responsive
to changes in sensory stimulation."
347. System According to Johnson, "this is a whole that functions as a

whole by virtue of the interdependence of its parts"
348. subsystem According to Johnson, this is "a minisystem with its own
particular goal and function that can be maintained as
37 / 39
long as its relationship to the other subsystems or the
environment is not disturbed"
349. Input and output these two are components of all seven subsystems, ac-
cording to Johnson
350. Attachment-Affil- is probably the most critical because it forms the basis
iative Subsystem for all social organization. On a general level, it provides
survival and security. Its consequences are social inclu-
sion, intimacy, and formation and maintenance of a strong
social bond (according to Johnson)
351. Dependency In the broadest sense, the dependency subsystem pro-

Subsystem motes helping behavior that calls for a nurturing response.
Its consequences are approval, attention or recognition,
and physical assistance (according to Johnson)
352. achievement This subsystem attempts to manipulate the environment.

subsystem Its function is control or mastery of an aspect of self or
environment to some standard of excellence. Areas of
achievement behavior include intellectual, physical, cre-
ative, mechanical, and social skills
353. aggressive be- is not only learned, but has a primary intent to harm others
havior (According to Johnson)
354. Equilibrium is a key concept in nursing's specific goal. It is defined as

"a stabilized but more or less transitory, resting state in
which the individual is in harmony with himself and with
his environment" (according to Johnson)
355. Equilibrium "It implies that biological and psychological forces are in
balance with each other and with impinging social forces"
(Johnson, 1961b, p. 11). It is "not synonymous with a state
of health, since it may be found either in health or illness"
(according to Johnson)
356. sustenal functional requirements are also known as (according to

Johnson)
38 / 39
357. Regulation it implies that deviations will be detected and corrected (a
sustenal/ functional requirements)
358. Tension "The concept of tension is defined as a state of being

stretched or strained and can be viewed as an end-prod-
uct of a disturbance in equilibrium" (johnson one of func-
tional requirements)
359. Tension can be constructive in adaptive change or destructive

in inefficient use of energy, hindering adaptation and
causing potential structural damage (johnson's one of
functional requirements)
360. stressors Internal or external stimuli that produce tension and result
in a degree of instability are called ______
(Johnson; one of the functional requirements)
361. Stimuli "may be positive in that they are present; or negative in

that something desired or required is absent. (according
to Johnson)
362. Stimuli It. may be either endogenous or exogenous in origin [and]

may play upon one or more of our linked open systems"
(Johnson)
363. protection, nur- The environment supplies sustenal imperatives such as?
turance, stimula- (3) (Johnson)
tion
39 / 39

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Orem, King, Rogers, Neuman, Roy, Johnson,

Study online at https://quizlet.com/_aenoy0

2. Nursing's goal —"overcoming human limitations"

3. Theory of Nursing is required because of the inability to perform

4. Theory of Maturing or mature adults deliberately learn and perform

5. Theory of Nurs- The product of nursing is nursing system(s) by which

6. Empirical knowl- is rooted in experience and addresses specific events

7. empirical knowl- that supports observations, interpretations of the mean-

8. Antecedent includes previously mastered knowledge and identified

9. nurse Orem's answer encompassed the idea that this is "anoth-

12. Self-care comprises those activities performed independently by an

13. Self-care Agency the individual's ability to perform self-care activities

14. Self-care agent agents of self-care agency

15. Self-care Agent a person who provides self-care

17. Self-care requi- also known as "needs" by Orem

19. universal, devel- three categories of self-care requisites

20. Universal requisites/needs that are common to all individuals.

21. Developmental needs resulting from maturation or develop due to a con-

24. Self-care deficit explains when nursing is needed

25. Self-care agency this is term used instead of patient by orem

26. A, G, T, S, P five methods of helping

29. Theory of Nurs- describes nursing responsibilities, roles of nurses and

30. Theory of Nurs- refers to a series of actions a nurse takes to meet a

31. wholly com- three types of nursing systems

39. Self-care comprises the practice of activities that maturing and

41. self-care requi- a formulated and expressed insight about actions to be

42. Universal Universally required goals are to be met through selfcare

43. Developmental were separated from universal self-care requisites in the

45. Therapeutic consists of the summation of care measures necessary

46. Dependent-Care The summation of care measures at a specific point in

47. Self-Care is a complex acquired ability of mature and maturing per-

48. Dependent-care refers to the acquired ability of a person to know and

49. Self-Care Deficit is the relation between an individual's therapeutic

51. Nursing agency comprises developed capabilities of persons educated as

56. helping method from a nursing perspective is a sequential series of ac-

58. Basic condition- Age n Gender

59. Human beings According to Orem, these require continuous, deliberate

61. Human agency According to Orem, this is exercised in discovering, devel-

62. nursing is human action;

63. Nursing agency includes concepts of deliberate action, including inten-

67. Self-care a human regulatory function that individuals must, with

68. Self-care must be learned, and it must be performed deliberately

70. person Someone that functions biologically, symbolically, and so-

71. Environment The quality this can positively or negatively impact a

73. Developmental an environment that promotes goal achievement

74. Health Orem accepts the fundamental importance of the given

77. Health "being structurally and functionally whole or sound." Also,

78. Nursing an art through which the practitioner of nursing gives

81. Imogene King she •used a "systems" approach in the development of

83. Imogene King •"Nursing is a process of action, reaction and interaction

85. Imogene King •"Nursing is an observable behavior found in the health

87. •Open Systems •"focuses on the continuing ability of individuals to meet

89. Personal System • An individual is described as "a unified being, or self,

90. Interpersonal Consist of groups or individuals interacting with one an-

92. Interpersonal Most important system according to King.

93. Interpersonal this systejm includes o Interaction o Transaction o Com-

94. Personal System This concept/system include o Perception

97. social systems The this system includes

98. Human be- A

100. Health informa- According to King, human beings/persons have these

101. Health Is the dynamic life experiences of a human being, which

102. Health • Is made up of genetic, subjective, relative, dynamic,

103. Health Ïthe background for human interactions.