Motivation What is meant by motivatio Movere” which means “ta. move" It attempts to {he term motivation comes from the Latin word influence or cause certain behavior. Motivation is the way in which drives or needs direct a person's behavior toward a goal the incentive that is given for inspiration to ac mplish something. J ss-them to do a \ Motivation is defined & Motivation ean persuade someone to think in a certain way or a drive that mo certain thi such as eating are motivated by hunger. every lite function. Simple acts Motivators can be anything from reward to Motivation is present i Education is motivated by desire for knowled coercion, and extrinsic, Intrinsic motivation is internal. tt There are svo main kinds of motivation: intrinsic are compelled to do something out of pleasure. importance, or desire occurs when people n occurs when external factors compel the person to do something. the entire class of Extrinsic motiva According to Wiehrich & koontz, “Motivation is a general term applying to drives, desires, needs, wishes, and similar forces. According to Ricky W. Griffin, “Motivation is the set of forees that cause people to behave in certain ways According 10 Robert Reitner, “Motivation refers to psychological process that gives behavior purpose and direction” According to Michel J. Jucius “Motivation is the aet of stimulating someone or oneself to take a desired course of action™ Finally we can say that, Motivation the psychological feature that arouses toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior, Motivation is what propels life. It plays a major role in nearly everything we do. Without motivation, we would simply not care about outcomes. an organism to action Motivation as a Proces: cussed below= | Motivation process consists of five stages. ‘These staves are discut - Motivation process begins with the identification of needs or 1, Identify needs or deficiency deficiency. People have needs although the number of needs is limited,Searel h for ways to satisty needs: = An untult neserh tes nfullilled oF unsatisfied need ereates tension that stimulates pey lates people YS 10 Satisty the: Y their need ior to satisty need behavior and = To relieve th ieve this tension people exert effi is stage et on iL to satisty th Ce eee ne people chose the 4. Evalugon jon of needs satistaeti Simi «ds satistactio AL the stage s. Here pe umber four people compare their outcome Mere poole eval thet level teed satitetig tne Me omcomes | satisfaction. 5. Determination of fut re needs: = afte future needs a + aller satisfaction of one need success mi ue noes and search was for thove noc sistetons ea 1 2 — - 3 Identity Needs or . : - pea Lol Search tor ways to | of Choice of behavior to Se ees \sthit need eo an. inti 1 ‘eval Determination of future Evaluation of need needs & search for satisfaction satisfaction Figure: Motivation Process in say that a motivation process is an ongoing or continuous process: At last we ca Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory of Motivation: ‘Abraham Maslow was a humanistic psychologist, developed a model in his book “Motivation and + jg commonly known as Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory personality” is are discussed below- In this model he indentified five levels of needs. Thi 1. Physiological needs- ‘These include the most basic needs that are vital to survival, such as the need for water. air. food, and sleep. Maslow believed that these needs are the most inctive needs in the hierarchy becau condary until these basic and inst use all needs becom physiological needs are met.—ogo—_ LY nee ‘ds- These include needs for wlely and se, as demanding survival, but they are not arity. Security needs are important for a a the physiological needs. For instanee- Job fi curity, protec! ; “Scully. proteetion from animals, family security, health security, ete. 3. needs- These inelude needs fir belonging, love, and affection. Maslow considered these needs to be less : st be less basie than physiological and security needs, Relationships such as friendships. romantic attachments, an families help fulfil this need for companionship. 4. Esteem needs Esteem n weds are of two types: internal esteem needs (self respect, confidence, competer achievement and freedom) and external esteem needs (recognition, power, status, attention and admiration), 5. Self-actualis tion needs- This is the highest level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Self: actu lizing people are self-aware, concemed with personal growth, less concerned with the opinions of others, and interested fulfilling their potential. It also includes desire for @ gaining more knowledge, social- service, creativity and being artistic. Among this needs. physiological and safety needs are lower level needs and social, esteem and actualization needs are higher order needs. This model suggests that lower order needs must be satisfied before higher level needs. ~ In this hierarchical model, when a need is mostly satisfied itdonger motivates and the next higher need takes its place. chy I fivestaze Corigh fauaty, etfocion, teliorhije, work wom. te r ~The assumptions of theor ‘ory x: > People dislike : re dislike Work and will avoid iti possibh cople must be coereed Se ussite Se ved. controlled and threatened! to get things done Tage human beings rete to bent nh oad esponiy * They have little ambition and want securit The assumptions of theory v: The theo he theory y managers assume that: + Theaverage a pa average etmployces enjay work and do not want to avoid it cople want to attain organizational goals through self-directed behavior, > People will accept responsibility > People have initiative and can be creative in solving organizational problems . ate employees and Theory Y assumes that higher Theory X assumes that lower order needs domi order needs dominate employees. Motivation-Maintenance model/ Motivation-Hygiene Theory/Herzberg’s factors theory On the basis of research with engineers and accountants, Frederick Herzberg, in the 1950s, developed a two-factor model of motivation. Herzberg analyzed the job attitudes of 200 s who were asked to recall when they had felt positive or negative at ets of factors were associated with as causing accountants and engine why. Surprisingly, he found that different work and the reasons satisfaction and with dissatisfaction- that is, a person might identify “low pay arily mention “high pay” as a cause of satisfaction, From this ation and dissatisfaction but would not nec research, Herzberg suggested a two-step approach to understanding employee moti satisfaction. mmonly known as Herzberg’s two factors theory. It ced Frederick Herzberg developed this theory is cot is a theory of motivation that suggests that people's satisfaction and dissatisfaction are influene “These factors are discussed below- ion but do not generate satisfaction or 1. Hygiene factors: Factors that prevent dissatisfie factors can be ~ motivates workers are hygiene factors. These by two independent set of factors2 Job Security * Working ¢ ° Status Company p, ° Supervisory “Ondition Olicies Slationshiyy NCE OF these MetOrs dogg HOLE faction, ‘Ad (0 satistaction but the C absence will cause high Actors operate build primary moti are called MOlivational facto Recogniti on * Responsibility * Achievement . Advancement Biel laaiion ec slactio tivation. And this the presence of these factors will lead to high level of satisfaction and m absence wil] cause no sati, Maintenance Rema | — Absence of Factory NO Sakiafocton — + an | factors theory erg's two factor rigure: Heraberg’s Figure: H L PrapenceefRetorn |