SEEV0529 (taken from the Ol Gear Company Bulletin 90050) ‘The purpose of the use of graphic symbols is to promote a universal understand- ing of fluid power systems, The technique aims at standardizing, by means of symbols, a method which can be easily understood in describing componentry of fluid power systems. This is done by the use of elementary forms utilizing circles, squares, rectangles, triangles, arcs, arrows, links, dots and crosses. ‘The following illustrates clearly how component function rather than actual com~ ponent construction is emphasized by the use of the basic symbols. Symbols ‘show function by illustrating connections, flow paths, and functions of compon ents represented. Each symbol is drawn to show normal, at rest, or neutral condition of a component, unless multiple diagrams are furnished showing various phases or circuit operation. As you study the symbols, observe how these symbols are connected to show the actual componentry which they make up in pictorial form. We can very well compare the graphic symbol system to a road map. Each line, circle, square or other geometric figure is an actual component part and all jointed together clearly illustrate how the fluid power system is made up, how it functions, and how it is designed as a complete circuit. Basically, the graphic symbols are used: to illustrate a fluid power system by breaking down the componentry in the following manner: Conductor (fluid) Energy storage and fluid storage Fluid conditioners (heaters, coolers, filters, etc.) Linear devices (cylinders) Controls (manual, electrical spring, etc.) Rotary devices pumps and motors Instruments and accessories . Valves oy g9aRene Study the introduction portion, the scope and rules which govern the use of the graphical symbols as shown in the following pages.1. EyTRODUCTION 1.1 GENERAL Fluid power systems are vote that tranamit and control power Uhrough use of 4 pressurized luld (iguld oF gas) Sithin an eneloced circuit. Types of symbols commonly used in drawing circuit dia rams for fuid power systems are Pictorial, Cutaway and Eraphic. These symbols are fully explained in the Ameri- oan Standards Association Drafting: Manual 1.1.1 Pletorial symbols are very useful for showing the Interconnection of components. They are dificult to standard~ fe from 2 functional basis 1.1.2. Cutaway aymbols emphasize construction, These Simbols are complex to draw and the functions are not readily apparent. 11,3. Graphic symbols emphasize the function andmethods ci operation of components’ These symbole are simple t0 draw. Component functions and methods of operation are Sbvious. ‘Graphie symbole are eapable of croseing language barsiers, and can promote a universal understanding of Avid power systems. Graphic symbols (or uid power systems should be used in ‘conjunction wth the graphic symbole for other systems published by the American Standards “Aseociation. 1.2 SCOPE AND PURPOSE L2.t SCoPE ‘This standard presents a system of graphic symbols for ula power diagrams. 1.2.1.1 Elementary forme of symbols are circles ‘Triangles Lines Squares Ares Dote Rectangles Arrows crosses 1.2.1.2 Symbols using words or their abbreviations are voided. Symbola capable of crossing language barriers are presented herein 1.2.1.3 Component function rather than construction is emphasized by the symbol. 1.2.1.4 The means of operating Muld power components are shoim ae part of the symbol (where applicable) 1.2.1.5. This standard shows the basic symbols, describe te principles on which the symbols are based,” and lus trates some fepresentative composite eymbols. Composite Symbols can be devised for any Mluid power comporent by combining basic symbols, Simplified symbols which are composites of basic symbols are shown for commonly used components. 1.2. 1,6 This standard provides baste symbols which ditfer= citiate between hyazaulfe and pneumatic uid power media Purpose 1.2.2.1 The purpose of this standard is to provide a sysiem of Muld power graphic symbols for industrial and ‘educational purposes 1.2.2.2 The purpose of this standard is 1 simplify design. [orication, analysis, and service of uid power circuits 1.2.2.3 The purpose of this standard is to provide fuid power graphle symbole which are internationally recognized, 1.2.2.4 The purpose of this standard {s to promote ual- versal-understanding of uid power systems. SYMBOL RULES tow paths, and functions ‘opresented. They ean indieate conditions ‘ccuring during transition Irom one flow path arrangement {fo another. Symbols do not indicate construction, nor 6 they indicate values, such as preseure, flow rate and other ‘component settings. 2.2. Symbols do not Indleate locations of paris, direction of shifting’ of spools, or positions of conttol elements on factual component 2.3. Symbols may be rotated or reversed without altering their meaning except in the casce of. (a) Lines to Resere your, 41k () Vented Manifold, 4.1.2.3; (c) Accumulator 4.2 () recelver, 4.3, 2.4, Line technique Keep tine widths approximately equal. Line width does not alter meaning of symbols. at Solid Line Gain Line conductor, outline and shafo} 2.4.2 Dash Line (Pitot ine for controb 2.4.9, Dotted Line (Brain tine) 2.44 Center Line (Enclosure suline) 2.4.5. Instrument Line (indicator, Recorder oF Sensor) 2.4.6 Lines Crossing (Fhe intersection ia mot necessarily at 3°90 angie). 2.4.7 Lines Joining 2.5 Basic symbols may be shown any suitable size. Size may be varied for emphasie or clarity, Relative sizes, Should’ be maintained.” (Ar in tho following example) 2.5.1 Givele and Semi-Circle, QOS 2.5.1.1 Large and emall circles may be “ased to signify that ene component teshe "main and the other the auxliar). 2.5.2 Triangle 2.5.3 Arrow4 Square > Rectangle 2.6 Letter combinations used as parts of graphic symbols fe not necessarily abbreviations, 2,7. In multiple envelope symbols, the Mow condition shown fearest # contsel symbol tes place When that control te Shused or permitted to actuate. 2.8 Each symbol is drawn to show normal, aterest, oF eutral condition of component siniess multiple dagrams re furnished showing various phases of circuit operation, 29 An arrow rough a eymbol at [approximately 45° tnaicates. that the [component can be adjusted or varied. a - VU) Station, Testing. measurement, or power take-oft "Piuggha port. ss al a 3,7 Line with Fixed Restriction 2.8 Line, Flexible 3, saT 3:10 Quick Diseomect ‘3.10, Without Checks Connected {Kk Siecomecred >I te 2:10,2 With Two Checks conmectee_ | Q-O— Stacomnected Lod bO- 3.10.3 With One Check Connected | —O> Stresanceted|-O-) ‘tide of a symbol, within the symbol, | [Fp Indicates that the component i pressure il [compensated 12,10 An arrow paralled to the short Kf 2.11. Aline terminating in a dot to re: Present @ thermometer ie ihe symbol for temperature cause or effect, See Temperature Controls 7.2, Temper hire Indicators and Recorders 9, 1-2 dnd Temperature Compensation 10.13.4, 2.12 External ports are iocated where flow lines connect to baaie symbol, except where component enclosure symbol ie weed. External poste are located at intersections of flow lines and component. enclosure symbol when enclosure Is used, see 3.11 Rotating Coupling 4. ENERGY STORAGE AND FLUID STORAGE uJ AL Reservoir Vented Pressurized NOTE: Reservoirs. Diane: All lies enter and leave {rom above Rosewarne tos 0 Betow Fluid Level aay th aT ‘Show line entering or leaving below reservoir only when| uch bottom connection ig. easeatlal to circa functoe | conventionally drawn in ihe horizontal Z Examples: an 2.19. Rotating shafts are symbolized by fn arrow which. indicates. sirection of Foutlon (assume arrow on near side ot shalt). SECTION 11. 3. CONDUCTOR. FLUID 3.1 Line, Working (main) 3.2 Line, Pilot (for control) 3.3 Line, Liquid Drain 3.4 Instrument (for measurings pp pe Fecording, oF sensing). 3.8. Flow Direction of 4.1.2 Simplified Symbol ‘The symbols are used ae part of a complete circuit. They are analogous to the ground symbol of electrical diagrams. Several such symbols |; may be used ia one diagram to iit Marea Tae 4.1.2.1 Below Fluid Level T uu erly 4.1.2.2 Above Fluld Level (ihe return Uine ix éraum to terminatn, tthe upright legs of the tank symbol) 4.1.2.3 Vented Manifold 4.2 Accumulnor 4nd Accumuinor, Spring Loaded g 4.2.2 Accumulator, Gas Charged 381 Prounatie > a 3.5.2 Hyaraulie = 2.6 Line, Pneumatic Ouuet to Amnospbere 3.6.1 Plain oritce, wncomectae. | =P. 3.6.2 Connectabie orifice (dreaded. | ——t? 2.3 Accumulator, Weighted 4.2. Recelver, for Air or other Gases. —-4.4 Engory Source (Pump. Compressor, Accumulator, ete), ‘Thie symbol may be weed to Tepresent a fuld power source which may be a pump, compressor, oF another associated System. 5.6 Lubeleator 5.6.1 Lese Drain 5.6.2 With Manual Drain 5.6.9 With Automate Drain Hyarautio Preumatie Example: Simplified Symbol 5, FLUID CONDITIONERS Devices whieh contrat the charscteritice of the Muid, physical 6. LINEAR DEVICES 6.1, Cylinders, Hydraulic & Pneumatic 6.1.1. Slagle Acting G12 Double Acting 6.1.2.1" Single End Rod 5.1 Heat Exchanger 6.1.2.2 Double End Rod Gio] Hester ile triangles indicate the introduction 5.1.2.3. Fixed Cushion Advance & of heat Retwact | EEt J Cutaide triangles show the heating media 5.1.2.4 Adjustable Cushion, A ‘Asvance Only ‘a guid, Cuiade trionglea show the heating media fe gaseous. 5.1.2 Cooler Inside triangles indicate heat dissipation. S.i,d Temperatare Conroe? (iho: temperature Ia to be maintained Setween tho predetermined Hlmits)- 6.1.2.5 Use these symbols when dia~ Imeior of fod compared to alameter of Bore is significant to clresit fanction,| ilter - Strainer 5.3. Separator 5.2.1 With Manual Drain 5.2.2 With Automate Drain 6.2 Presrure Intensiier 6.3. Servo Positioner (Simplified) Byaraaic Preumatic 6.4. Discrete Positioner Combine Iwo oF more basic cylinder symbols. Ea Fike ~ Separator 1. CONTROLS 5.4.1 Witk Manual Drain Tet Spring 5.4.2 With Automatic Drain 1.2 Manual (Ureas general eymbol without indicationof specific yperle-» foot. hand, leer 7.2.1 Push Button € 3.5. Dessicator (Chemical Dryer) 5 7.2.2 Paah-Pull Lever 72.3 Pedal or Treadie1.2 Mechanioal 7.4 Detent (Stow 2 notch for each detent in the Setual component being eymbolized. A Short line indicates whlch detent is in tse). 1.8 Pressure compensated 1.6, Electrical otet on 7.6.1 Sotenoid (Single Wineing) 1.6.2 Reversing Motor (oF torque motor) 1.7 Pilot Pressure Tt Remote Supply + "PY implified symbol) TA areal Bay a 7.1.3. Contra from Released Pressure | ——[3] emete Bonet 1 termi renee | EE TA Pio Conaliea Sing Comers | STL AA SinotiiesSpmbat compietesymtoi [ST ce 71-8 Piet Different ‘Simplified Symbot Complete Symbol 1.10 Servo bor (Thigeymbot contains representation for energy input com= mand input, and resultant ove) 7.11 Composite Contrat Operators (and. oF. and/or). Basic One signal onlycauses the device te operate And One signal and a second signal both cause the device to operate. Qe One signal or the other signal causes the device to operate, ‘Ang/Or The solenoid and the pilot o= the manual, overrige alone fuses the device to operate, “The golenotd and the pilot oF the manual override and the pilot ‘The solenoid and the pilot manual override and the pilot ROTARY DEVICES 1 Basse Symbol read 4 5.1.1, With Ports 8.1.2 With Rotating Shaft, with control ‘and with Drain, 8.2 Hydraulic Pump c 8.2.1 Fixed Displacment 7.8 Solenoid Pitot 8.2.1.1 Unidirectional 7.8.1 Solenoid or Pilot External Pilot Seely | Oe 8.2.1.2 Bidirectionst Inernal Pilot Supply Exhaust 1.8.2 Solenoid and Pilot 1.9 Thermal ‘A mechanical device responding to thermal change. 1.9.1 Local Sensing q 7.9.2 With Bulb for Remote Sensing $2.2 Variable Displacement, Non Compensated 4.2.2.1 Unidirectional simplified Complete 8.2.22 Bidirectional Simplifies CompleteTES Variable Displacement, Pressure] Compensated 6.2.2.1 Unidirectional Stmplified Complete Complete b ape 8.5 Pump, Proumatic 8.5.1 Compressor, FixeaDi 8.5.2 Vacuum Purp, Fixed Displace- 8.9 Hydraulic Motor 8.6 Mowr, Preumatic 8.6.1 Uniaireetional a.6.2 Bidirectional 0.7 _Onctlator 6.2.1 Hydrate Tai Fined Displacement iI ® 8.9.1.2 Bidirectional 2 8.7.2 Poeunatic 8.3.2 Variable Displacement 82.2.1 Unidirectional ho © $.2.2.2 Bidtrectionst 3.4 Pump-Motor, Hydraulte 8.8 Morors, Engines #81 Electric Motor a.g.2 Hest Engine (sternal Combustion) ‘Engine 9. INSTRUMENTS & ACCESSORIES 9.1 Indicating and Recordiag 2.1L Preseure 3.1.2 Temperature Tar esis bom ani, easy BSS SS 4 componie Sym ee 8.4.1.2 Simptitiee Symbol Flow Mater Flow Rate 13 3.1 9.1.3.2 Touliaing ‘TA Operating one direction of How as 8.4.2.1 Composite Symbol 8.4.2.2 Sunplified Symbol (6.4.3 Operating im both directions of pimp or a ture compencated shown) 8.4.3.1 Composite Symbol Tow either as motor, (Variable Displacement. pree-| 2.2 Seniog o.2.1 vennrt = 2.2.2 Ontice Plate aie tat va Ee 9.2.4 Norse Hydrantic > Pneumatic >> 8.4.3.2, Simplified Symbol aoe © 9.3 Accessor 9.3.1 Pressure Switch Bad Float Sate 9.3.3 Mutterve. Ataic valve symbol ts composed of one or more envelopes. ‘tits linee inaide the envelope to reprecent flow pathe and ow conditions between ports. Three symbol systems are ood to represent valve types: single envelope, multiple envelope, finite positon; and multiple envelope, infinite position. 10.1 In single enveloge valves, the envelope is imagined to ‘move to illustrate how pressure of flow conditions are controlled as the valve is actuated 10.2 Multiple envelopes symbolize valves providing more than one Unite flow path option for the fiuid,, The multiple ‘envelope. moves to represent how flow paths change when fhe valving element win the component ie ehifted tits Tinie position 10,3. Valves capable of infinite positioning between certain linaits are aymbolized as in 10.1 and 10.2 above with the Addition of horizontal bare which are draun parallel to the Gevelops, ‘The horizontal bars are the clues fo the infinite positioning function possessed by the valve represented Wea cn Ri creanee cel Tena Trostag Vaiwe 10,9.5.1 Normally Closed Infinite “y Re | 2 Poa | WEL Toast Semmaly oom ane | WE) 2 poston | WU} Toslo_Thee-Way Valves 10st saemaly Open Normal ro seomet |r Loa0.12 Normally ned aD sortsi8 Diese Greece ie | WH lstributed first to one port. then the other). 10.10.14 Two Pressure eee oO J eee ela reser asi cmt) OTD q 10.7 Flow Pathe, internally Open o co ace smee ets THO Eee ee eee eet) Gymbol System 10.3). 10,9 Two-Way Valves (2 Ported Valves) 10.9.1 On-Off (Manual Shut-off ont Simapitied on 10.9.2 Chose ‘Simplified Composiee] TT Flow to the right ts blocked £ Flow to the left Is permitted. 10,10.2 Double Cheek Valve Double check valves can be built with and without "erose| bleed. Such valves with two poppets do not usually allow Pressure to momentarily “cross. bleed” to return during] Transition. Valves with one poppet may allow "cross bleed" fs these symbole ilustrate 10,10.2,1 Without Cross Bleed (one Way Flow 10.10. 2 With Crots Bleed Gleverse Flow Permitted) wot ‘Two Position Normal Acmisted TTT TRRSE Poa (@) Normal 10.9.2 Cheek, Pilot-Operated to Open (6) Aewated Leth (e) Actuated Rightiva saa 10.1.3, Typeal Flow Pats for Center Scaciion of taree-Position Vaves - | “petit 10,11,4 Teo-Posttion, Snap Action with Transitios [AS the valve clement shifte from one position to theother; passes through an intermediate position. Fit 1s eysential to cireutt function to symbolize this. "in iransit™ condition, It San be shown in the center position, enclosed by dashed ines. ‘Typical Transition Symbol 10.18 Infinite Positioning Four-Way ft 10.16 Flow Control Valves (See 3.17) {Aid| Adit, Nocona aval oat, oy car eet IR IK Taint pane wh Bea | Flow is contcolled| ia ie Fight 10,12 Infinite Positioning (Between Open & Closed) ‘Normally Closed a _] 10,12,2 Normally Open Tid 10.16.3 Adjustable and Pressure Compensated With Bypass 0.16.4 Adjustable, Temperanre & | _ Pressure Componeaied swith bypass 10,19 Pressure Control Valves T0.18.) Presvare Relat a Shplitied Symbol Denotes Ls Normal Te Actuated (Rellevig) woe 10.13.2 Sequence Tce ToT 1019.3 Pressure Reducing wih #3 i] oF 10.13.4 Pressure Reducing and Relieving Miho ues TO.18-8 Airline Presnure Regulator : (Aaiutabte, Relieving Mi 4 10.14, finite Positioning Three-Way Valves 1, REPRESENTATIVE COMPOSITE SYMBOLS eee Component enclosure may surrouné a complete symbol or {group of symbols to represent an assembly. It 1s used toSconvey' more information about componeat connections indTunetions. Enclosure indicates extremity of component ‘of assembly. External ports are assumed to be on e0- logure line and indicate connections to component, 11.1 Component Enclosure Flow lines shall erote enclosure line without leops oF dots, SEEV0529 970s Reprinted 08/01 Reprinted with permission of (il Gear Company