Phuong trinh vi phan Tom tat If thuyét va cac vi du minh hoa Giai Dat y! = z voi z = 2(y),y = y(z), khi d6 y" = z!-z. Thay vao phuong trinh da cho ta duge Qyz'z +22 4+24=0. (1) Dé théy z = 0 la nghiem cia phwong trinh (1). Suy ra, y = C la nghiem cita phuong trinh da cho. Véi z #0, chia ca hai vé cia phuong trinh (1) cho z ta duge 2y2! = —(z + 23) dz , (2? +1) cad dS 1 ai + y 0 ( Tich phan tng quét cia phuong trinh (1) 1 [2 =fory aS ey 2 in 2+1 z a &z=+,/—~. . a Or Thay z = y/ vao biéu thitc trén ta cé we ant Ta suy ra tich phan téng quét ciia phong trinh 1a = 426, (Yo re talis%)t, Phuong trinh tuyén tinh cAp hai Dinh nghia 4.1.4. Phuong trinh vi phan c6 dang uy" + p(a)y' + a(2)y = F(a) (4.10) v6i p(x), q(x), f(a) la ede ham lien tue trén khodng (a,b), duoc goi la phuong trinh vi phan tuyén tinh cép hai. 241Tom tat If thuyét va céc vf dy minh hoa Phuong trinh vi phan Néu f(c 0 thi phwong trinh y!" +p(x)y' + a(z)y =0 (4.1) g9i la phuong trinh tuyén tink thudn nhét twang ting vdi phuang trinh (4.10). Néu f(x) £ 0 thi (4.10) dude goi la phitdng trink tuyén tinh khong thudn nhét. a) Phuong trinh tuyén tinh thuan nhat uy" + p(o)y’ + a(z)y = 0. Dinh nghia 4.1.5. © Hai ham yi(z) va yo(x) duge goi la phu thude tuyén tinh trén (a,b) néu ham nay duge biéu dién tuyén tinh qua ham kia vdi moi x € (a,b). N6i céch khdc tén tai sé a #0 sao cho wn (a) = aya(z), Ve € (a,b). (4.12) Hé hai ham y;(zx),yo(x) dutge goi la doc lap tuyén tinh néu chting khong phu thude tuyén tinh. © Mét hé hai nghiém yi(x), yo(a) ctia phaong trink thudn nhét (4.11) déc lap tuyén tinh trén (a,b) duoc goi la hé nghi¢m co 36 ctia phutong trink dé. Dinh Ii 4.1.1. Gid sit y:(x),yo(x) la hai nghiém ciia phuong trinh thuan nhat (4.11). Ta 06 (i) mila), yo(x) ddc lap tuyén tink tren (a,b) Khi vd chi khi ae a(x) n(z) (2) # 0,Var € (a,b) (ii) Néu yi(x), yo(a) la hé nghiem co sé ctia phuong trinh (4.11) thi nghié¢m tong quét cia phuong trinh do la G = Cin (x) + Coya(x), C1, C2 Ia cdc hang 86 ty yf. Chi ¥ 4.1.2. Dé tim nghiém téng quat ciia phuong trinh tuyén tinh cép hai thudn nhdt thi ta chi cin tim 2 nghiém déc lap tuyén tink ctia phuong trinh dé. 242Phuong trinh vi phan Tém tat If thuyét va cdc vi du minh hoa Céch giai phudng trinh tuyén tinh thuan nhit khi biét truéc mot nghiém Cho phutong trinh tuyén tinh thuan nat (4.11) u" + (ayy + a(e)y = 0. Gia sit yi (w) 1A mot nghi¢m cho truée ciia (4.11). Khi d6 ta tim duge nghiém yo(x) = u(x) - v(x) doc lap tuyén tinh véi yi (x) trong 46 1 ar — fre)de gy / Fe) Do d6 nghiém téng quat cita (4.11) 1a = (x) (Ci + Cou(z)), Ci, C2 la cdc hing sé tity ¥. Vi du 4.1.17. Gidi phwong trin ie ID a tee y Br Ua biét yi (x) = a La mot nghiem. Giai Ta tim nghiém thit hai yo(x) = u(x)yi(x) véi a +2In us [5d Pear= fF 5 z z Vay, nghiém téng quét cia phudng trinh da cho la ds y = 2(Cy + Cpe”). b) Phuong trinh tuyén tinh khong thuan nhat y" + p(a)y' + a(z)y = F(x). ¢ Céu trac nghiém téng quat Nghiém téng quét cia phuong trinh khong thuan nhft bing nghiém téng quat cia phuong trinh thuan nhat tuong ting cong ‘véi mot nghi¢m riéng cia phutong trinh khong thudn nhét. y=oty trong dé 7 JA nghiém téng quat cia phutong trinh thuan nhét, y? 1A nghiem ring cia phuong trinh khong thudn nhat 243,‘Tom tat li thuyét va cdc vi dy minh hoa Phuong trinh vi phan © Nguyén li chéng chat nghiém Néu yi(z),yo(x) lan lugt 1a hai nghiém riéng cia hai phuong trinh tuong tmg a! + p(z)y' + a(z)y = filz), v' + play’ + 4(2)y = fol) thi y = yi + yo lA nghiém riéng cita phutong trinh y" + p(a)y' + a(z)y = fle) + fa(z). Phuong phap bién thién hing s6 Lagrange Cho phuong trinh tuyén tinh khong thuan nhat (4.10) y" + p(a)y' + a(2)y = F(a). Gia sit nghiém téng quét cia phuong trinh thuan nhat tuong ving (4.11) la 7 = Ciys(x) + Coye(z). Ta tim nghiém téng quat cia phuong trinh (4.10) bing phuong phép bién thién hing sb y(z) = Cr(x)yr(z) + Ca(x)ya(x). Khi d6 C; (x), Co(2) théa man hé phuong trinh sau 1()un + C2(2)y2 = 0 Ci(a)u} + Ch(a)u2 = f(x). Giai he tim duge Cj (x), C(x), ly nguyén ham thu duge C; (x), C2(z). Tit d6 suy ra nghiém cita (4.10). Vi du 4.1.18. Gidi phuong trinh xy" + ay! — y = 27, biét nghiém tong quét ctia phitong trinh thudn nhat tung tng la # 1 y= Cin + Cae. Giai Phutong trinh da cho titeng dutong voi Py or "+ -y - sya Vito ogy 244Phuong trinh vi phan Tom tat If thuyét va cde vi dy minh hoa Teena aighigin Ga pneang tinh dang yp Sree Cra), vdi Ci(r), Ch(r) thda man he phuong trinh 1 AEA Ce aay 1@)=5 Ch (x) + Ch(2) x(x) = 2 Ge) =F +h > oo Cx(z) = —— + Ka. 6 Vay nghi¢m cia phutong trinh 1a a 1 y= sg tie eas trong d6 Ky, Ko 1a céc hing s6 thy §. Phvong trinh tuyén tinh cAp hai hé s6 hing ‘Trong myc nay ta xét phuong trinh tuyén tinh c4p 2 dang y" + py + ay = Sz) (4.13) véi p,q la cée hing s6. Phuong trinh (4.13) 1a trudng hgp riéng cita phuong trinh vi phan tuyén tinh cAp hai (4.10). a) Phugng trinh tuyén tinh thuan nhat y+ py +qy=0 (4.14) vOi p,q la cic hang s6. C&ch giai. Ta tim nghiém dang y = e** din dén viée giai phuong trinh K+ pkt+q=0. (4.15) Ta goi phuong trinh (4.15) 1 phuong tinh die trumg cia phuong trinh vi phan (4.14). ¢ Néu A = p?— 4g > 0, phutong trinh dae tring c6 hai nghiém thie ky # kp. Khi d6, nghiém téng quét cita (4.14) p= Cre? + Coe, C1, Cp Ia c&e hing 86 tay ¥. 245,Tom tat li thuyét va cdc vi du minh hoa Phuong trinh vi phan e Néu A = p? — 4q = 0, phuong trinh dae trimg c6 hai nghi¢m thyc tring nhau k; = ko = —5. Khi d6, nghiém tong quat cia phuong trinh (4.14) 1a p= 0 ¥*(C, + Cra). Néu A = p? — 4q < 0, phuong trinh d&c trung c6 hai nghiém phite lien hop 2 Khi d6, nghiém téng quét cia phuong trinh (4.14) la Fae ob ip vii a=-§, pV, 7 =e (Ci cos Bax + Cy sin Bx). Vi du 4.1.19. Gidi phuong trinh vi phan y/" — 4y! + 3y =0. Giai Phuong trinh dic trumg k? — 4k +3 =0 > k= 1 hoac k = 3. Vay nghiém téng quat cia phudng trinh da cho 1a. T= Cie + Cee, (C1, Cy ER). Vi du 4.1.20. Gidi phetong trinh vi phan y! — 4y! + 4y Giai Phuong trinh dic trung k? — 4k +4=0k =2. Vay nghiém téng quat cia phudng trinh da cho la = (Cit Cox)e™, (C1,C2 € R) Vi du 4.1.21. Gidi phuong trinh vi phan y" — 4y! + 5y = 0. Giai Phuong trinh dic trimg k? — 4k +5 =O k=2+i. Vay nghiém téng quét cia phutgng trinh da cho 1a 5 =e (Ci cose + C2sinz), (C1, C2 € R). b) Phuong trinh tuyén tinh khong thuan nhat Caéch « Cféch 1. Phuong phap bién thién hing sé Lagrange 246Phuong trinh vi phan Tom tat Ii thuyét va céc vi dy minh hoa Cha ¥ 4.1.3. Vi phtong trinh (4.18) la truong hop rieng cia phuong trinh tuyén tinh (4.10) nén chting ta c6 thé tim nghiém bing cach gidi phutong trinh dic trang dé tim nghiém ctia phuong trinh thudn nhat tuong ting. Sau dé diing phuong phap bién thién hang sé Lagrange dé tim nghiém phuong trinh khong thuan nhét. Vi du 4.1.22. Gidi phuong trinh y" — 5y/ + 4y = e*. Giai Phuong trinh dic tring WP -5k+4=0 c6 2 nghiém ky; = 1, kp = 4. Nghiém téng quat cia phuong trinh thudn nhét 18 T= Cre” + Cre, C1, ER. Ta tim nghiem y = Ci(2)e* + Co(a)e™ voi C{(e), Ch(e) thoa man hé sau Ch(x)et + Ch(a)et Of (a)et + Of(a)te" =e Giai hé ta thu duge Vay nghiém téng quét cia phuong trinh la y- (# oe x) e+ (-je* +) et, C&ch 2. Trong mot sé trutng hgp vé phai f(r) c6 dang dic biét, ta tim nghiém téng quét cia phwtong trinh theo cu trac y=oty vi y* 1a nghiém riéng duge tim bing phudng phap hé sé bat dinh. Cy thé: ‘Trung hgp 1: Vé phai c6 dang S(z) =e Pa(z), trong 46 P,(c) la da thie bac n cia x. Khi do 247Tom tét Ii thuyét va cae vi du minh hoa Phuong trinh vi phan +) y* = e%Qn(z), néu a khéng 1a nghi¢m cia phutong trinh dac tring. +) y* = ze®Qn(2), néu a 1a nghiém don cia phuong trinh dic tring. +) yt = 2%e"Qn(c), néu a 1a nghiém kép ciia phutong trinh da&c trung. trong d6 Qn(z) 1a da thie bac n, cling bac voi da thite P,(x) duge viét 6 dudi dang téng quat véi céc hé s6 chua biét cin tim. Trung hgp 2: Vé phai c6 dang f(a) =e [Pa(e) cos 8x + Qma(z) sin Bz]. Khi dé, +) y= e%*[M;(z) cos Ba + Ni() sin Bz], néu a + 48 khong Ia nghiém cia phuténg trinh dic trung. 4) y? = we% [Mj (zx) cos Bx + Ni(x) sin Gr], néu a+if 1a nghiem cia phitdng trinh dic tring. trong 46 Mj(z), Ni(2) la cée da thite bac J v6i 2 = max(m,n) véi céc hé s6 chua biét cin tim. Vi du 4.1.28. Gidi phwong trinh vi phan y!' — 4y! = 122? + 62-4 qa) Giai Phuong trinh vi phan thudn nht tuong img y” — 4y! = Phutong trinh dic trimg k? — 4k = 0.4 | Neghiem téng quét cia phuong trinh vi phan thudn nhat Ci + Cre", C1, C2 la hing 86. Xét vé phai f(x) = —12x? + 6x —4 la dang dic biét trong trudng hgp 1 vdi a = 01a mot nghiem don cia phuong trinh dic tring, Pa(x) = —122 + 6a —4 1a da thite bac hai nén phutong trinh (1) ta tim nghiém riéng dang yf = 2e°*(Az? + Br + C) = Ax? + Ba? + Cr. Suy ra (y*)’ = 3A2? + 2B + C, (y*)" = 6Ax + 2B. Thay y*, (y*), (y*)" vao phvong trinh (1), ta c6 6Ac + 2B —4(3Az? +2Be + C) = 120? + 6x —4 248Phuong trinh vi phan Tom tat Ii thuyét va cdc vi du minh hoa -12Az” + (6A — 8B)x + (2B — 4C) = -122? + 62 - 4. Déng nhat hé sé hai vé, ta duge -12A 6A-8B 2B -4C Suy ra y* = x(z? +1). Vay nghi¢m téng quat cita phugng trinh (1) 1a y = C1 + Coe + 2(2? +1), (Cy, C2 1a hing 86). Vi dy 4.1.24. Gidi phuong trinh vi phan 1 yo" +4y= gt t sing. (a) Giai Phuong trinh d&c trig cia phuong trinh thuan nhat tuong tmg P+4=0ek = 42i. Nghiém téng quét cia phuong trinh thudn nhat Y= C) cos 2x + Cp sin 2x. | Xét vé phai Sa) = 52" tine = f(a) + fale) Phutong trinh vi phan 1 ay! + dy = 50? (b) eae 1 ‘i . 6 vé phai f;(x) = 3° la dang dac biét tng vdi trudng hgp 1, a = 0, do dé ta tim nghiém ring yf = Ax? + Br + C, khi do (yj)! = 2Az, (yj)" = 2A. Thay vao phuong trinh (b) ta c6 2A44(Az? +Br+C) = pa? dda" 4 4Be42A44C = Déng nhat hai vé ta duge‘Tom tat If thuyét va cdc vi du minh hoa Phuong trinh vi phan sua Phuong trinh vi phan yf! +4y =sine (c) c6 vé phai fa(z) = sine = &* (0-cosz+sina) la dang dae bigt img véi tru’ng hgp 2, a = 0, 6 = 1 do dé ta tim nghieém riéng y3 = Acosz + Bsina, khi d6 (yj)! = —Asinz + Beosa, ys)" = —Acosz — Bsinc. Thay vao phuong trinh (c) ta c6 — Acosz — Bsinz + 4(Acosz + Bsinz) = sin © 3Acosz + 2Bsinz = sinz. Déng nit hai vé ta duge +3A=0. [A=0 2 1 +3B=1~ |B=-5. yh = zsing. Theo nguyén If chéng ch&t nghiém suy ra phung trinh (a) c6 mot nghiém riéng 1a evityete-t4lene vi suite = ge" — 7g t zene ‘Vay, nghiém téng quét cita phudng trinh (a) la 1 +tsi her paer yso+y = Cycos2e + Opsin2e + 52? Mét s6 tng dung cia phiténg trinh vi phan cép 2 a Chuyén dong ciia 1 xo: Ta xét chuyén dong cia mot vat dat cudi 1d xo (xem hinh 4.4). Khi d6, vat thé m bi tac dong béi — Lyfe dan héi (Theo dinh Iuat Hook) Fan = —k(s +2). — Trong lyc P=mg. 250Tom tat Ii thuyét va céc vi du minh hoa Phuong trinh vi Trang thai cin bing: Hinh 4.4: Mot lo xo 6 trang thai ty nhien (a); vi tri can bang khi treo vat thé m (b); va 6 trang thai dao dong (¢ Goi a(t) lA do Iéch cia vat thé ra khoi vi tri can bang, theo dinh luat hai Newton ta c6 k r =0, (do ks = mg) r) +mg + 2" + Neghi¢m cia phutong trinh 1a r(t) = Cy coswt + trong d6 w= =k la he s6 citng cita 1d xo. b) Chuyén dong tat dan| ‘Tom tat Ii thuyét va céc vi du minh hoa Phuong trinh vi phan Chiang ta xét hé gém 1d xo va vat khdi lugng m va cé them hfe can dé lam giao dong tat dan, do d6 né ti 1 vdi van toc co huéng nguge lai véi chuyén dong. Theo dinh luat hai Newton ta c6 mea" + ba! + ket 0, Day la phifdng trinh vi phan cfp 2 thuan nhét he s6 hing. oan meet eee ay a \ Pt a Hinh 4.6: D6 thi mo ta trang thai tat dan img voi 3 trudng hgp khac nhau cia phutong trinh dae tring c) Mach dign RLC. Xét mot mach dién bao gdm mot dién trd c6 trd khang R, mot cudn cam c6 46 ty cam L va mot tu dien c6 dign dung C duge chi ra nhut hinh 4.7, Mot mach nu vay thi duge goi la mach RLC. Cac mach RLC due ding trong rat nhiéu cac he théng dien. Dang a cae diéu hung trong dai AM/FM. Ki higu E(t) la dien ap (E(t) = Er+ Ex + Ec). Khi dé, dign tich tren tu q(t) tai thoi diém tthéa man phitong trinh vi phan cap 2 Lal (t) + Ral(t) + Galt) = EW) 252Phuong trinh vi phan Bai tap mau Hinh 4.7: Mach dien RLC 4.2 Bai tap mau Bai 4.2.1. Gidi cae phetong trink vi phan sau 1. tan? sin? ydx + cos? x cot? ydy = 0 pe y +sin(a + y) = sin(a — y) ') 3. y— ay! =a(l+ 4. (1+ e?)yy =e, yl, = 1 ysing = ylny, y|,_2 i Giai 1. Phitong trink da cho tung ditong v6i phirong trinh, dr + cot” y a si tan? a 1 dy =0 (1) y al. Nghiem téng quaét cia phuong trinh (1) la 1 foes — de +f of tant edtane - [cor ydcoty =0 hay cot¥y = C, (CER). 253Bai tap mau Phuong trinh vi phan 2. Phuong trinh da cho tuong duong véi 2 = —2coszsiny. (a) Dé thy, y = kw (k € Z) la nghiém cia phvong trinh. Véi y # kz, phuong trinh (1) twong dong dy 2cos edz + —— siny (2) Nghi¢m tong quét cia phugng trinh (2) la [reosade +f =In|Cl, (C #0) hay Qsine +In |tan | In|C| ein [tan 3| = Ine~?** + In|C] in|tan | = in ([cle-*8"4) Vay nghiém cita phuong trinh da cho la tang = Ce-?8"2 (CE R*) va y= kr (k EZ). 3. Phuong trinh da cho tutong dutong voi y (ax +2) =y-a. Ta thay y =a la nghiém cha phuong trinh da cho. Voi y #a va a(ax +1) £0 ta 06 y(ax? +2) =y-a dy der y- ax? +2 dex 2 ny-al= | oe Néu a ¥ 0, vé phai cia phudng trinh trén dude tinh bédi od 1 a J (E-g35) = inlet imtoo +1} + 110, c#o0. 254Phuong trinh vi phan Bai tap mau Khi d6 ta c6 phuong trink C: Inly—a| = ous ta, C40. the ax+1 Néu a = 0 vé phai cia phuong trinh trén bing In|Cz|, C #0. Khi d6 ta ¢6 nghieém cia phuong trinh la y = Cz. Két hop cdc tring hgp ta c6 nghigm phuong trinh da cho 1a Cr y= arit® a#0 Cz, a=0 voi C la hang 86 tay ¥ va C £0. s . Phuong trinh da cho tong duong véi phwong trinh é nile pipet Tre uly Suy ra, nghiém téng quét cia phuong trinh 1 é ite” # [vtv=o nase —% 0. 4 Vi y(0) = 1 nen © = In2 ~ 5. Vay nghiém cia phuong trinh dé cho la lie? aera 2 5. Phuong trinh da cho tutong diténg véi phudng trinh ylny de ~sinady = 0. ) Dé thay, y = 1 la nghiém cia phudng trinh (1). V6i y #1 vac # kz, phwong trinh (1) tuong duong de dy | ans ying” @) Nghiém téng quét cia phuong trinh (2) la de dy Ime [ ir m1, C#0) 255Bai tap mau Phuong trinh vi phan hay Jn |tan 5] —In | Ing =-m|C| (C40) In|Ing| =In|Ctan 5| e Iny=Ctan5, @ y=, (C £0). Do d6, nghigm téng quét cia phitong trinh (2) 1a y = e°'*" 3(C #0). | ‘Theo bai ra, y|,_-= 1 tacé61= e€ « C =0 (loai). Vay nghie¢m cia <5 phvong trinh da cho I Bai 4.2.2. Gidi cdc phuong trinh vi phan sau 1 1. y'=——F1 | u 2. y = (8e+yt1)? 3. y' =cos(x — y) 4. (2a + 3y — Idx + (4a + By — 5)dy Giai 1. Dat z= 2—y. Suy ro, 2 =1- x Phuong trinh da cho tré thanh, (1) 2 Neghiém téng quét cia phuong trinh (1) la 2+ ae C. Do d6, nghiem téng quat cia phutong trinh da cho 1a. sh at eae =C,CeR. 2. Danh cho doc gia. ' a ‘ z ety + Nghi¢m phuong trinh x — =; arctan — 7 — = ighiem phwong trinh « — > 75 arctan ig 3. Dat z=a—y. Suy ra, & =1- x Phuong trinh da cho tré thanh, dz & = 1-082. (1) 256Phutong trinh vi phan Bai tap mau Dé thay, z = k2m, k € Zl nghiem cita phutong trinh (1). Voi z # k2n, phuong trinh (1) tugng duong = =0. (2) Nghiem téng quat cia phutong trinh (2) la fo- {<= =C @xtcot2 2sin? = ai 2 Do dé, nghiém téng quat cia phitong trinh da cho 1a =C. 4. Phuong trinh da cho tuong duong véi phiténg trinh, 0. (22-4 3y—1) + (42 + 6y — 5) () Dat 2 = 2x + 3y — 1. Suy ra, ¢ =(2 +3, Phuong trinh (1) tré thanh + (22—3)4 i(€-2) =06-24+(0-9% =0. (2) Dé thay z = 6 la nghiém cia phuong trinh (2). Véi z # 6, phutong trinh (2) tuong diténg v6i phutong trinh 22-3 de + Z— "dz =0. (3) Nghiém téng quét cita phutong trinh (3) 1a fos decvaltseue =) <6 Sus=0 Do d6, nghiém téng quat cia phuong trinh da cho la x — 2(2x + 3y — 1) —9In|2z + 3y —7| = C va 2x +3y—7=0. Bai 4.2.3. Gidi cée phwtong trinh vi phan sau 257Bai tap mau Phutang trinh vi phan 1. (w@—y)yde — 27dy = 2. (wdy —ydz) = Ya? +P dx 3. ay? +2cy!-y=0 Yd ay 5 eos 4 (yde + xdy) = ysin ¥(edy — yar) 6. (0? — 3y*)de + 2eydy =0, y|,_9=1 7. yde + (2/ay — 2)dy =0 Giai 1. Dé thy x = 0 1A nghi¢m cia phutong trinh da cho. Véi z # 0, chia hai vé cita phutong trinh da cho cho «? ta dic #-(-D8 c asa iv wee en Dat 2= 7. Suy ra 7 = 2+a7-. Khi dé, phuong trinh (1) tré thanh 2 +22=0. (2) Dé théy, z = 0 1a nghiem cia phuong trinh (2). Suy ra, y = 018 nghiém ciia phwtong trinh da cho. Véi z £0, phuong trinh (2) tuong duong voi phuong trinh pees @) Be Day 1a phwong trinh phan li bién s6. Nghiem téng quét ctia phuong trinh (3) a G+ /[- =In|C| 4 Ce=el, (C £0). Thay z 4 yao ta duge Cx =e¥, (C £0). Vay nghigm cita phutong trinh 4 cho 1a y=0; x=0; Cr=er, (C40). 258Phatong trinh vi phan Bai tap mau 2. Dé théy x =0 IA nghiem cia phuong trinh 44 cho. Véi x > 0, chia hai vé ciia phuong trinh da cho cho « ta duge dy __y yy? en et yitG): @ pat z= 2. suy ra @ = 24.2%. chi dé, phuong trinh (1) trd than z= 4. Suy ra = 242. Khi d6, phutong n evi e a dz (2) 1+2 Day 1a phuong trinh phan li bién s6. Nghiém téng quat cia phuong trinh (2) 1a dx - | —=hlC|, (C #0) {73s-[F-m10. C40 =In|z+ V142| —In|e| =In|C| @zt+V1+2=Cr, (C #0). Do d6, nghigm cia phuong trinh da cho 1a =owty 1+ (4? =Cz, (C 40). 3. Phyong trinh da cho tuong duong vdi phuong trinh ay +1P=aty. Dat 2=0¢+y> 7 =1+y/. Phuong trinh trd thanh ES eeniaeie at ,2#0 ont it eviq=tVet 0 & Vety=tvrtC. Néu z = 0 suy rat +y=0 hay y = —= cing la nghiém. ‘Vay nghiem cia phuong trinh da cho lay = —2 va fr+y = +Vz+C, C la hang 6 ty 9. 259Bai tap mu Phutgng trinh vi phan au dy _ Boat r 4. Dat 2 = 7,2 > 0. Suy ra FE = 2425. Khi d6, phutong trinh da cho tré thanh a — x(nz-1) =0. (1) Dé thay z =e la nghiém cia phwong trinh (1). Suy ra y = ex la nghiém cia phuong trinh da cho. Véi z > 0,2 # e, phuong trinh (1) tuong dudng vdi phuong trinh dz dx Wnz-) 2° @) Day la phuong trinh phan li bién s6. Nghiém téng quét cia phuong trinh (2) 1a dz dx | aeecy-[E-mle c40 => In|Inz—1|-In|z| =In|C| @ Inz—1=Cz, (C40). Thay z= z vao ta dutge nb —1= Cx (C40) @ y = xe, (C £0). Vay nghiém téng quat cita phutong trinh da cho la y = ea; y=ae*!, (CER). 5. Dé théy y = 0 la nghiém cita phuong trinh da cho. Véi y # 0, dat a fa eter a anh dé a tha z= 4 Suy ra St = 2+25. Khi do, phuong trinh da cho trd thanh (1) Day IA phuong trinh phan li bién s6, Nghi¢m téng quat cia phuong trinh (1) la [PS ta- fle- -in|cl, (C0) z es [9D + [acre fLac=inicy, = zeosz= &, (C40). cos z z z z y Thay z = » vao ta duge Zoos = & (C £0). Vay nghiem cia t res phutong trinh da cho 1a Pao =0va Lcos# =<, (C #0). ysova Loos =S, (C #0) 260Phutong trinh vi phan Bai 6. Dé thay 2 = 0 khong phai 1a nghiém cita bai tofin Cauchy da cho. Voix #0, dat z= 4. Suy ra 2 2 2 4 hi doe pene dx dx da cho tré thanh Qe2dz — (2? — 1)dr = 0. () Dé thay z = +1 1a nghiém cia phuong trinh (1) nhung khong phai 1a nghiem cia bai toén Cauchy da cho. Véi z # +1, phwong trinh (1) tuong dung véi phuong trinh Qedz da = =O. (2) Day la phutong trinh phan li bién s6. Nghiém téng quét cia phuong trinh (2) la Qed: dx es - [=m cro) de) _ [2 = mic, C40) In|O| @ 2 -1=Cr, (C £0). = hale? = 1] In|] 7. Dé thay z = 0 la nghiém cia phuong trinh da cho. Véi x #0, ta dita phuong trinh da cho vé dang Dat 2= z Suy ray’ = z+4-22/. Khi d6, phuong trinh trén tré thanh z+az! 261Bai tap mau Phuong trinh vi phan ‘Ta c6 z = 0 la nghiém cita phuong trinh trén, suy ra y = 0 la nghiem cia phwong trinh da cho. Véi z # 0, ta dita phuong trinh trén vé dang dz 222 dz 1-2y2 > [+ + fe, Lae =0, (2 £0) c > Info| +In|2| + Ze =In|C] +e ==. Thay z= Z ta due nghi¢m wv Cc ay (C #9). Vay nghi¢m cia phutong trinh da cho Ia o,ysomev¥- Sc 40, Bai 4.2.4. Gidi phudng trinh vi phan sau (—y)de + (2y—2+1)dy =0 Giai Do 2y-+1—a =0 khong théa man phuong trinh nén phutong trinh da cho tutong ditong véi phutong trinh dy -2+y de %yti-z a ‘Trude hét ta gidi he phuong trinh z—y=0 g=-1 2 dy—2+1=0 y=-l Dat iG =2+1 ini a6, phuong trinh (1) trd thanh Y=y+1 xe @)Phuong trinh vi phan Bai tap mau Dat Z= 5. suy ra zyx - Sy" Phuong trinh (2) tr thanh (3) Day 1 phuong trinh phan ly bién s6. Nghi¢m téng quat cia phuong trinh (3) la 2Z-1 dx 1 monet | F-jmien xo) d(az?-2Z+1) | fdX _1 °5 “og? —27 +1 ‘ohio =giniel, (C40) $22? 22 +1 =, (C40) X= 1 Thay Zainal ot) octal aupenghignibag quebataphuaig x Y=y+l trinh di cho 1a VL rege d Cc a(e2)). oan te “gyn ee Bai 4.2.5. Gidi cdc phwong trinh vi phan saw 1. (20—y+1)de+ Qy—2—Ndy=0 + stale fae 2 (ater da+08 (1-2) a =0, y|_.=2 (z+) Py 9. ndy+ yd + UE pared _ 9 a+ y® adz+ydy = adz+ydy ” Visa ty ety? * (aha s)e+ Gea 6. (Lain? hc Bar Vao| Bocs¥ 5 cin 2 44 y y a z x z y y 0 Giai 263 "|Bai tap miu Phatong trink vi phan 1. Dat P(x,y) = 22 —y +1, Q(x) =2y— 2-1. Ta 06 OR Piet Ow 2 Dae l= a Vey) ER. Suy ra, phutong trinh da cho 1a phitong trinh vi phan toan phan. Vay nghiém téng quat cia phuong trinh da cho la = uv f[ er tide + f (Qy—2-1)dy=C lo 0 hay e+oty—sy-y=C. y Dat P(a,y) = (e+e), Q(a,y) =e8 (- *) . Ta c6 OP __ #5 2 00 Piste a Ox Do d6, phuong trinh da cho 1 phuong trinh vi phan toin phan. Chon (xo, yo) = (0,2) ta c6 nghiém téng quét cia phudng trinh da cho la frat [erete=c Vay). y #0. hay 2 = conten ay C+2 Theo bai ra yl,_o= 2 ta c6 C =0. Vay nghiém cia bai ton ban dau la 2 + 2ye = 4. s Phung trinh da cho tuong dutong véi phugng trinh y 2 i (vt wth a)eet (2- ae) =o q) z y ‘ Dat P(2,y) = y+ mye Qz,y) . Ta c6 oP. w-y~ _ aQ wy lt Gay Be’ (x,y) # (0,0). Suy ra, phutong trinh (1) 1a phutong trinh vi phan toan phan. Do do, nghiém tong qudt cia phutong trinh da cho 1a "ody + [wt qe) =C if w+ [+ ata) is. hay e ay + arctan = = 264 liniaPhuong trinh vi phan Bai tap mau 4. Phuong trinh da cho tuong duong véi phuong trinh x r y y ass tt oy t+ atest tale =0. Cee ats) oe ate)” QQ) Dat = x y y P(t,y) = Ss t+ a Ol) =§ SS t+ a (eu) /i+e+ye P+y? ae) Viterye Pty Ta c6 OP: xy 2Qzy dy (140? +4) +7) Suy ra, phuong trinh (1) 1a phuong trinh vi phan toan phan. Do 46, nghiem téng quét cia phuong trinh da cho 1a = FS Ve.y) # (0,0)- eae Leen += )dy+ ef dz =C f( T+y? Sos do Tpar+y? oe +y? hay 1 2 2) 1+a?+y +5 Ino +y)y=Cc. 1 a 1 5. Dt Pi es Wn =F Sea Ta c6 5 = eos = 2 ay) eA yy 402 £0. Suy ra, phvong trinh da cho la phwtong trinh vi phan toan phan. Tuong ty trén ta cé nghiém téng quat cia phuong trinh da cho la n|2] + zl'y-e@ 6. Dat Pte g)o bain? — 2 oe 5 Ogee est — 2 a4 5 ge ee Ss ee Ta c6 ieee ain? — 2 09? — bcos! + Hsin. By Or Pty ey a Suy ra, phvong trinh da cho la phuong trinh vi phan toan phan. Do dé, tich phan téng quét cia phuong trinh da cho la sin’ cn 44-10, BT ewpe ty, 265,Bai tap miu Phutong trinh vi phan Bai 4.2.6. Gidi phuwong trinh vi phan sau (20y+2" ‘yt ) ars +y?)dy Giai _ Dat P(e,y) = 22y +a4y + ©, Q(e,y) = 2? +97. Tab ap _ ge ap _ a9 Oy Qa +2? +y?, a2 5 (¥ 32) = Do d6, thita s6 tfch phan ji(z) = e/ @ = e*. Nhan hai vé cia phuong trinh da cho véi e* ta duge é (zy +244 4 By aoree +y)dy =0. (a) Phuong trinh (1) 1a phuong trinh vi phan toan phan, do dé, tich phan téng quét cia phuong trinh da cho IA foe + fee +y)dy = 3aye* + e*y® =C. hay Bai 4.2.7. Gidi cde phuong trink vi phan sau 1. yf —ysina = sin cos 2. 2a (a —1)y! + (2x - 1)y+1=0 3. y' +ay=e™ 4 2(1+27)y — (2? — y+ 22 =0 2 5 yf =elnz, y= > y zine 6. yde + (c+ 27y)dy = 7 (L+y?)de = (V1 +p? siny — 2y)dy 2 8. vf + tony = Gidi 266Phuong trinh vi phan Bai tap mau 1. Phuong trinh da cho 1a phuong trinh tuyén tinh c4p mot véi p(x) = —sinz, f(x) = sinzcosz. Suy ra nghiém téng quat cia phvong trinh vi phan da cho 1a y= fenate( [sinzomael-**¥de+0) -s+( [snsonzete0) ~oo(— feorzeatene) +6) =oe( cre +e 40) e = Ce“ +1 —cosr, CER. 2. Phuong trinh di cho twtong duong véi phuong trinh peas ¥ dae)! (1) 3 : = ; Qe —1 Day la phuong trinh vi phan tuyén tinh cAp mét véi p(r) = %@=’ 1 ei I) = xg TS [vaee = mea” = $nz + Inge ~1))=in/aG@e); Joey ied, ft [sae ee / Ges = Sine 3 a s(e=1)). ae ine — 3 aL e/ale= a) hy nes ee vale 1) 2Valc—1) Vay nghiém téng quat cia phugng trinh da cho la 2C = ina - 3 +Vale=1) 2/a(e— 1) 3 267Bai tap mau Phatong trinh vi phan 3. Day 1A phuong trinh tuyén tinh cip mot véi p(c) = a, f(x) = e™. Suy ra nghiém téng quat cia phudng trinh vi phan da cho 1a ya ela f em elatas +0) wem( femerueec) em ( {emonseo), Néu m+a=0 thi nghiém téng quét cia phuong trinh vi phan a cho la y = e~*(x +C). «© Néum+a #0 thi nghiém téng quét cia phuong trinh vi phan di cho la y = Ce“ + é m+a 4. Phuong trinh da cho tuong duong véi phuong trinh 2 a-1 -2 a zd+22)"~ (+22) a) Phuong ‘tetnh, ( la phvtong trinh vi phan tuyén tinh cip mot véi tee [ tereleomeac = [5 J a =f Jolde _ > | G42 +2 Suy ra nghiém téng quét cia phuong trinh da cho la lel pease paeay,)) eee acta) yee i+# (4, +e) oo 5. Phuong trinh da cho la phitong trinh vi phan tuyén tinh cAp mot voi P(r) » f(z) =alnz. Ta cb [oye = [= =-In(lnz), clng 268Phuong trinh vi phan I Fae! P=) dx = / elnze” "dx if ada = Suy ra nghiem phuong trinh 1a . Dé thay x = 0,y = 0 1 nghigm cia phuong trinh da cho. V6i x £ 0,y #0 coi x = 2(y) lA ham theo bién y, phuong trinh da cho tré thanh atte 2. (1) Day la phutong trinh Bernoulli. Chia hai vé cia phuting trinh (1) cho x? ta duge eal + a @ 2 (2) a a 5 Dat 2(y) = wy 2 = —3. Khi d6, phuong trinh (2) tré thank 1 gJ-<2=1. 3) a (3) Phuong trinh (2) 1a phugng trinh vi phan tuyén tinh cap mét véi p(y) = ar f(y) = 1. Suy ra nghiém téng quét cia phuong trinh vi phan (3) la zaeliw ( [1.1 Pay +0) 1 =9(C +Inlyl) +> =9(C +Inly), CER. Vay nghiém cita phutong trinh da cho Ia 1 0, y=0va > =y(C+In|y)), CER. 269Bai tap mau Phuong trinh vi phan 7. Xem x = 2(y) la ham theo bién y, phuong trinh da cho trd thanh __siny ‘ Vie n Phuong ooh (1) 1& phuong trinh vi phan tuyén tinh cép mot voi Pw = Thy of) jaar trinh vi phan (1) 1 eae lita (2s | jin + oT Thy Suy ra nghiém téng quat cia phuong Vi+y 1 siny —— | | S62. vit Paytc visa ea yPdy + ) 75 (C - sy), (C ER). ae 8. Phuong trinh da cho tuong duong véi phuong trinh y cosy + siny = x. (@ Dat z(x) = siny. Suy ra 2/ = y' cosy. Khi d6, phuong trinh (1) tro ‘thank Z4+z2= (2) Phuong trinh (2) 1A phuong trinh vi phan tuyén tinh cip mot véi p(x) = 1, f(w) = a. Suy ra nghigm téng quét cia phuong trinh vi phan (2) la. zee (frcltar+e) Sad (f= ete +C) =e7*(ze" —e? +C) 1+Ce™*, (CER). Vay nghiem cia phuong trinh da cho Ia siny =2—1+Ce™*, (CER). Bai 4.2.8. Gidi céc phuong trinh vi phan saw 270Phuong trinh vi phan Bai tép mau Laty=8va, yl, 2, nyt = 20? + 4y? dy Giai 1. Dé thay y =0 la nghiém cia phuong trinh yf ty=eivy. (qa) nhung kh6ng phai la nghiém cia bai ton Cauchy da cho. Phufong trinh (1) 1a phuong trinh Bernoulli voi a = 5, do do ta dat 2(z) = y}. Phuong trinh (1) tr thank Zepragel. (2) Suy ra nghiém téng quat ciia phuong trinh (2) la eller ([geiees c) Theo bai ra, y(0) = ; Remy te OS 1: Vay nghiém cita bai toin Cauchy cAn tim IA vom Sted. 2. Ta xem x = r(y) la ham bién y thi phuong trinh da cho 1a phutong trinh Bernoulli vai a = —1 nhut sau: Dat z2(x) = 2?, Phuong trinh (1) trd thanh Z- a =4y. (2) 271Bai tap mau Phitong trinh vi phan Nghiem cia phitong trinh (2) 1a Spe ([ sue! #0) =i ([4+e) =y(4Iny+C). Vay, nghiem ciia phwtong trinh da cho la z= (4Iny+C). Chas ¥2 Ta 06 thé gid phutng tinh da cho theo phusng phép phusng trinh vi phan toan phan sit dyng thita sé tich phan la — hoi gidi y phvtong trinh vi phan dang cap. Bai 4.2.9. Chitng minh ring phuong trink x(x? + 1)y! — (227 + 3)y = 6 mét nghiém la tam thiéc bac hai. Gidi phuong trink nay. Giai Gia sit y* = a2? + br +c 1 mot nghiem cia phuong trinh da cho. Khi 46, tinh dao ham réi thay vao phuong trinh ta c6 a(x? +1)(2ax + b) — (20 + 3)(ax? + ba +c) = 3, Vr bx? + (a + 2c)a” + be — 3(c + 1) = 0, Ve. Suy ra a =2b=0c = 1. Do dé y* = 22? — 1 1a mot nghi¢m cia phuong trinh da cho. Phuong trinh da cho tuong dung v6i phitong trink ele Oe oe (y U~ Fett! s@+1) ‘Xét phuong trinh vi phan thudn nhat 2a? +3 v -soy y=" (2) Nghiem téng quét cia phuong trinh (2) 1a, a Ce! B® = oof G-t® = 272Phuong trinh vi phan Bai tap mau Bai 4.2.10. Ching minh ring ham 36 y = 2] edt la nghiém cia phuong trink zy! —-y=2e". Tim nghiém riéng ctia phuong trinh théa man y|,_,=1. Giai 3 = Véi y = «f ef dt ta 06 y! -f ef dt +2e*". Suy ra h h ay -y=2 (f ate x) = of ef dt = 2c". 1 1 Do d6, y= [ e? dt la mot nghiém cia phutong trinh da cho. 1 Phutong trinh da cho c6 dang 1 2 /— “y= ae”. 2 vi sya0 (2) ‘Xét phuong trinh vi phan thuan nhat tung ing j—ty=0. 6) y Phitong trinh (3) c6 nghi¢m y= Cel 2” — Cr, Vay nghiém téng quét cia phuong trinh da cho la v=w+o-ef ef dt+ Ce. 1 Theo bai ra y|,_,= 1 ta cé C= 1. Vay nghiga rieng cin tim lay =» 4-2 [ fat. 1 Bai 4.2.11. Chiing minh ring phuong trink (x3 —1)y! = y?+22y—20 06 mét nghi¢m dang yx, = x*. Tim nghi¢m téng quét ctia phuong trinh bing eich dat y=y +2. Giai V6i 1 = 2° = y| = ay, thay vao phutong trinh da cho ta c6 (23 — 1aw*! = (a%)? + 22% — 22, Var 4 (a 1)at#? — 28 = ae — 22, Va. 273Bai tap mau Phuong trinh vi phan Ta c6 a = 2 1a mot nghiém cia phuong trinh trén. Do 46 y: = 2? la mot nghi¢m cia phuong trinh di cho. Dat y = z2+y =2+2". Suy ray! = 2 + 2x. Thay vao phuong trinh da cho ta duge (a3 = 1)(2! + 22) = (2 +27)? + 2?(z + 2?) — 2a. () Dé thy z =0 la nghi¢m cia phutong trinh (1). Khi 46 y = 1 = 2? 1 mot nghiém cia phutong trinh da cho. Voi 2 # 0, phuong trinh (1) TA phuong trink Bernoulli véi «= 2 Dat = Phuong trinh (1) tré thanh w(a) w+ 3a a1 Day la phuong trinh tuyén tinh véi p(: cong thite nghiém 1a wee e! #4) 1 Thay w(x) = pMyset x? ta duge nghiém téng quat cia phuong trinh da cho la y= Bai 4.2.12. Chitng minh riing phuong trinh (1—23)y' —y? +.27y + 22 =0 cé mét nghiém dang y: = ax", n EN. Tim nghiém téng quét cia phuong trinh bang cach dat y= + >. Giai Vi yi = a2” 1A nghigm cia phutong trinh da cho nen 1 g2g2n (1=23)na 2"! — aa” + car” + 22 = 0, Ve naz"! + (1—n)a"+a — a2 + 2a =0, Va. 274Phuong trinh vi phan Bai tap mau Ta gidi duge Do d6, y, = —a? 1A mot nghiém cita phuong trinh da cho. ; } Dat y= +> =~2"+ 5. Suy ray’ = a —2e. Thay vao phuong trinh da cho ta dutge (1) Bai 4.2.13. Gidi cde phuong trinh vi phan cép hai 1 1 ‘vw GaP eri 2 yl =e+ a Giai 1. Tich phan 2 vé ta c6 -1 a= Hea * We +P L 2G=1)~ eH 5 y a + C1 Sy= 2. Tuong tit bai trudc, tich phan hai vé ta duge y ae ge +1 1 >y=e™+—+Cict+C, Bai 4.2.14. Gidi céc phuong trinh sau: Ly" =Vi4+y? 2. ay" -y =27 Ing, lemBai tap miu Phatong trinh vi phan 8 y+ y? Giai 1. Dat 2 =y/, suy ra 2’ = y", phuong trinh da cho trd thanh Ce vi+2 Injz+ VIF 2 =24+0 eet Vi¢eaete e241 a (ez) = e(ttGr) — e-(2+01) g=V1lt2o 2 _gaettCr 4 g2letCr) ez sinh(z + C\). Vi z =y/, nén nghi¢m cia phuong trinh da cho la y =cosh(x + Ci) + C2. 2. Dat z= y/, suy ra 2’ = y’, phwong trinh da cho tré thanh ig g-te=alne. z Day 1a phuong trinh tuyén tinh cép 1 déi véi z, nén né c6 nghiém ([ 2inzen! #ar +c.) = (clint —2+C,)z Thay z = y' tacé y! = 2? Inc — 2? + Cya. Ti didu kien y/|e-1 = ta suy ra Ci = 0. Do dé yYeene-2oyH [(eine 2dr = Fa nz get Co. Tit diéu kien yle- = toan Cauchy 1a ta gidi dutge Cz = 0. Vay, nghiém cia bai fae & 43 y= 32° ne— 52°. 3. Dat z=y/ suy ra z’ = y", phuong trinh da cho tré thanh Py Pa@a/=tVe—2 276Phuong trinh vi phan Bai tap mau Xét trutmg hgp 2 = Va? — 2 ta c6 dz Vata Vay 2 = asin(x + Cj), hay y/ = asin(x + C;) nen ta c6 dx Wy => 2+) =aresin =. a y = —acos(x + C1) + C2. Tuong ty, 2! = —Va? — 2? ta c6 nghi¢m nia la y =asin(x + Dy) + Do Bai 4.2.15. Gidi cde phuong trinh sau: 1. y? + 2yy” =0 2 yy =y ty lyre 1 3. y" + 2y'(1 — 2y) = 0, yl2-0 = 0,9/|2=0 = z Aw! 2 + y= Giai 1. Dat y/ = 2(y), dua phuong trinh da cho vé phuong trinh vi phan cfp mot 2 + Qyzz! =0. Dé thay 2 = 0 la nghiém phuong trinh trén nén phuong trinh da cho c6 nghi¢m y = C. V6i z # 0, phuong trinh trén tutong dutong véi phutong trinh 2+ 2y2'=0. : a a ‘ Nghigm phuong trinh nay la z = —* hay y! = 1. Do dé nghiém ighiem phuong v aa y' a shi cia phuong trinh da cho 1a 2 guvy= Cin + C2. 2. Dat y’ = 2(y), ta nhan duge phuong trinh vi phan cép 1 ytz=Pta/2ry, 277Bai tap mau Phuong trinh vi phan Dé théy z = 0 1A nghiém phuong trinh trén nén phuong trinh da cho c6 nghiém y = C. Véi z # 0, xét trudng hyp y > 0: Ta c6 phutong trinh trén tong duong véi phutong trinh 2 pth Day Ia phutong trinh ding cAp cAp mot d6i véi y,z. Dat u= = va ap y dung cong thie nghigm ta thu duge 2 ilowl= mus VFI = Cua i+ S41 = Ovart VPeP ‘Tir ding thttc trén ta cé thé gidi ra z va thay z = y/ ta cd p= Cyt —1 Zoe Suy ra nghi¢m cita phutong trinh da cho 1 Cy -1 =h : @+C 2 Oye 3. Dat y/ = 2(y), ta nhan duge phuong trinh vi phan c4p 1 zz! +22(1—2y) =0. Dé thay z = 0 1A nghiém phuong trinh trén nén phuong trinh da cho 6 nghiém y = C. Voi z #0, phitong trinh trén tuong dutong véi phutong trinh 2! = 2(2y—1). Suy ra 2 = 2y? — 2y + Cr hay y! = 2y? —2y + Cr. Thay diéu kien Y|e=0 = 5 ta thu duge C, = 5. Ta nhan duge phuong trinh, v =2y?—2y +5Phuong trinh vi phén Bai tap mau Thay didu kign yo— Cauchy da cho la = 0 ta duge Cz = 2. Vay, nghiém cia bai toan 2y i Qy° 4. Dat z = y/, ta nhan duge phuong trinh vi phan cp 1 ye'z—-2 + 25=0. Dé thay 2 = 0 la nghiém phuong trinh trén nén phuong trinh da cho 6 nghigm y = C. Voi z #0, phuong trinh trén tuong duong véi phuong trinh 2 ye az-e egey (240,241) <= Ow Ley oe erate reo Suy ra nghiém cia phuong trinh da cho 1a 1 = h = Gg nllty=2+0r V6i z = 1, ta c6 y’ = 1 hay y = 2+ C cing la nghiém cia phitong trinh da cho. Vay phuteng trinh da cho c6 céc nghiém 1 y=C; y=r+Cva G Inly| ty=2+ C2, 1 vai C,C1, Ce la cdc hing 86 tity §. Bai 4.2.16. Gidi céc phuong trinh sau: 1. (sina — cosz)y" — 2y'sina + (cosa + sinz)y = 0, biét yr nghiém. * la mot 2. (1—2?)y" — ay + yu =0, biét y, = V1 += la mot nghiem. 3. (w@— Ly" — (+ Ly’ + 2y = 0, biét phuong trinh cé mét nghiém la da thite. 4 (Lt a)y’ + (1—2)y —y = bide = fa la mot nghiem. 279Bai tap mau Phuong trinh vi phan 5. x (nx — 1)y" — ay’ + y = 0, biét yy: = 2% la mot nghiém. 6. (2 — 2%)y!" + (x? — 2)y/ +2(1 — 2)y =0, ylent = 0, y/leni = 1, biét ur = € [a mot nghiem. Gi 1, Dua phuong trinh da cho vé dang yf —28int_y _, cose tsine cos! * sing — cose” ‘Ta tim nghiém thit hai yo(x) = u(x)y1, ta co in / x mas yy 1 nian =frace! de | ple Ee ae re / 1 getin|sinz—cosalgy Po 2 fering (Soba eee iti Do d6, yo = sina, va ta cé nghiém téng quat 1A y=Cye® +Cosinz. 2. Phuong trinh da cho duge viét dudi dang ” ao =. Ta tm nghiém yo(x) = u(x) - yi(z) trong 46 ton fit a mae l+2/1 aa - lam ya i+e Sea ( “T) es Bae Ite 280Phatong trinh vi phan Bai tap miu = s Vay nghiem yp = u(z).yi(2) = [1a]. Nghiém téng quét cia phutong trinh thuan nhat 1a. y=Civ1+e+Coy/|1—a, vi Ci, C2 la cdc hing sé tiy §. . Duta phuong trinh da cho vé dang Goi nghi@m cia phuong trink y= ag tart + ane ‘Thay vao phuong trinh ta duge =nay x" + 2aq2” =0 > n= 2. Tir dé nghiem c6 dang y = ax? + br +c. Dé dang tim ditge nghiém thtt nh&t cia phuong trinh y;(x) = 2? +1. Ta tim nghi¢m thit hai yo(z) = u(z)y (2), ta 06 u= fare! Bttae a (S 1) ede = [ae - | wipe atl Suy ra yo = u(z)yi (2 da cho la e*. Vay nghiém téng quat cia phutong trinh y= Ci(2? +1) + Cre”. Danh cho doc gid. (Dp #6: y = aye + Cre*)) ‘Thay nghiém y; vao phuong trinh ta c6 (Inz = 1)a(a — 1)2% - az* +27 =0. Déng nhat hé sé ta suy ra a = 1. Vay y; = x la mot nghiém riéng cita phutong trinh da cho. Dua phuong trinh vé dang ” 1 1 p j Y~ 3Qne—1)¥ + ne)” 281Bai tap mau Phuong trink vi phan Ta tim nghiém yo() = u(r) - yi(2) trong 46 ule) = [aa - oe Nghiem tong quét cia phuong trinh da cho la Cyr +Czlnz. 6. Ta tim nghiém yp(x) = u(x) - (x) trong dé 1 pte |x ae dy = — ae? = Nghiém téng quét ctia phuong trinh da cho la y=Cye? + Cox”. ‘Thay diéu ki¢n ban dAu ta c6 nghigém cia bai toan Cauchy la Bai 4.2.17. Gidi céc phuong trinh sau: 1. 22y" — Qxy! + 2y = —22? biét nghiém téng quét ctia phuong trinh thudn nhdt twang tng la 7 = Cyr + C22”. 1 2 a(ctl)y"+(c£+2)y'-y=art+ =O biét phuong trink thudn nhat twong ting c6 mot nghiem riéng dang da thite. 3. (22—2?)y" +2(x—1)y'—2y = —2 biét phuong trink nay c6 hai nghi¢m riéng 1 =1,y2 ==. Giai 1. Duta phuong trinh da cho vé dang pede 2 ie oy — ov + ay Bang phitong php bién thién hing s6, ta x4c dinh nghiém cia phuong trinh khong thuan nhat dang y=Ci(a)e + Cr(a)2”, 282Phutong trink vi phan Bai tap mu trong 46 Ci(z), C2(2) tim duige thong qua viée gidi hé phwong trinh Of(2)-2 + Ch(z)-2? =0 Ci(z) + Ch(a) - (2a) = -2 He phuong trinh trén c6 nghiém C{(x) = 2, C}(x) = —, suy ra = Cia) = 2a + Ki, C2(x) = —2In |x| + Ko. v6i K,, Kz la céc hang s6 tiy ¥. Vay nghiém téng quat cia phuong trinh khong thuan nhat da cho la y= (2e+ Ki) + (—2In|2| + Ke)a? = —227 In |a| + Kix + Kon. Ry . Giai phuong trinh thudn nhat («+ 1)ay"+(#+2)y—y =0, ta nhan duge nghiém téng quat la 1 D=Ci(e +2) + Cre. Dua phutong trinh vé dang fy BA ye ri a+] za@tiy® ~ z@+1)Y~ 2@41) Bang phuong phép bién thién hing s6, ta x4c dinh nghi¢m cia phugng trinh khong thuan nhét dang 1 y= Ci(2)yi(z) + Caya(x) = Ci(x)( + 2) + Ca(z)-, trong d6 Cy (xr), C2(z) xée dinh béi he phuong trinh CH(a)(e+2) + O4(2)= =0 r+l {(a) - HZ Gidi hé, lay nguyén ham ta thu duge Vay nghi¢m téng quét ciia phuong trinh da cho la sf 1 dy. oo, 1 v= (Fills +m) +9 +( qz tate)? 283Bai tap mau Phudng trinh vi phan 3, Theo nguyén If chéng ch&t nghiém thi ta c6 y(x) = 2 — 1 1a mot nhiém riéng cia phudng trinh thudn nhat tuong tmg. Dua phuong trinh thuan nhat vé dang y' 422) ne eat! ~ Bega =° Ta tim nghiém yo(zx) = u(c)yi(z) trong 46 us 1 Se a + =F z Do d6 nghiém téng quét cia phuong trinh thudn nhft tuong tng 1a. 5 =Cy(e—1) + C2(2? — 2 +1). Vay nghiém téng quat cia phuong trinh da cho 1A y= tm =Cile-1)+ O(a? -2+1)+2-1. Bai 4.2.18. Gidi cée phuong trink sau: 1. y!" = 2y! — By = —4e7 +3 2. y! +y =6sin 2x 3. y' +y = cosx + cos2x 4. yl" — 4y = e* ((—4@ + 4) cosa — (2x — 6) sinz) Giai 1. Phuong trinh vi phan thuan nhAt tuong ting y” — 2y/ — 3y = 0. Gidi phuong trinh dae tring: -2k-3=006 X6t phutong trink " — Oy! — By = —4e* c6 vé phai dang dac biét nén ta tim nghiem riéng dang y,, = Ae*. ‘Tuong ty, phugng trinh gage Sgple 6 vé phai dang dac biét nén ta tim nghiém riéng dang y,, = B. 284Phuong trinh vi phan Bai tap miu "| v s Theo nguyén ly chéng cht nghi¢m, y, = Ae* + B la nghi¢m rieng cia phuong trinh yf! — 2y! — By = —4e* +3. Dao ham va thay vao ta thu duge A= 1, B = —1. Vay nghiém téng quét cia phuong trinh 1 yoy +p=e*—1+ Cre + Core™, Ci, C2 1a céc hang s6. Nghiém téng quét cia phuong trinh vi phan thudn nhét 9 = Crcosx+ Cosinz, Cy, Ce la hing s6. Xét v6 phai f(x) = 6sin2r = €*(0.cos 2x + 6sin2z) la dang dac biét. Ta tim nghiém riéng cita phuong trinh dang y’ =e (Acos2e + Bsin 2x) = Acos 2x + Bsin2z. Suy ra, y"” = —2Asin 2x + 2B cos 2x, y"” = —4A cos 2a — 4Bsin 2z. Thay y*,y"',y*" vao phuong trinh ta c6 — 4A cos 2x — 4Bsin 2x + Acos 2x + Bsin 2x = 6sin2x © —3Acos 2x — 3Bsin 2x = 6sin 2x. Déng nhat hé s6 hai vé, c6 A=0, B = —2. Suy ra y* = —2sin2z. Vay nghiém téng quat cia phuong trinh IA y=y" +9 = —2sin 2x + Cy cose + Cysine, Cy, C2 la hing s6. . Nghi¢m téng quat cia phuong trinh vi phan thudn nhat G=Cycosa + Co sina, C1,C2 la hing 86. Xét phuong trinh y" +y=cose (4.16) c6 vé phai dang dc biét nén ta tim nghiém riéng dang Yr = 2e™"(A.cosx + B.sinz) = 2(A.cosz + B.sinz). Tinh céc dao ham va thay vao phwong trinh ta cé 2Bcosx — 2Asing = cosa. 285Bai tap mau Phucong trink vi phan . Déng nhit thitc ta nhan duge A= 0, B= > Do 46 yr, = 3 sin x. Mat khéc, phuong trinh y! +y = cos2z (4.17) cing c6 vé phai dang dic biét nén ta tim nghiém riéng cia no duéi dang Ury = €°*(C. cos 2x + D.sin 2x) = C cos 2x + Dsin 2x. ‘Tinh dao ham va thay vao phitong trinh ta c6 —4C cos 2a — 4D sin 2x + C cos 2x + Dsin 2x = cos 20 & —3C cos 2x — 3D sin 2x = cos 20. Déng nhét he #6 hai vé ta thu dugc C = + D=0. . Suy ra yr = —7 cos 22. Theo nguyén l¥ chéng ch&t nghiém, ta c6 - dary 1 Y= Un + ¥ry = gesine — 5 cos2r Ja mot nghiem riéng cia phuong trinh da cho. ‘Vay nghiem téng quat cia phuong trinh la y=yto= Sesing Foose + Cy cosz-+ Cosins, trong d6 Cj, Cz la cae hing s6 tiy ¥. . Nghiem téng quat cia phutong trinh vi phan thudn nhat 7 = Cre® + Coe", C1, C2 la hing 86. Xét vé phai f(z) = e*((—42 + 4) cosa — (2 — 6)sinz) 1a dang dac biét nén ta tim nghiém riéng dang y’ = e*((Ar + B) cose + (Cx + D)sinz). Suy ra yn =e#((Ar-+Cx2+A+B+D)cosz +(-Ax+Cx-B+C + D)sinz), yf” =e"[2(Cr+ A+D+C) cose + 2(-—Ax — A— B+C)sinz]. 286,Phuong trink vi phan Bai tap mau Thay y*,y",y*” vao phuong trinh ta nhan duge -12Az? + (6A — 8B) + (2B — 4C) = -122 + 62 — 4, Déng nhit he sé hai vé, ta c6 maa gg: | Pandy A-2B+ C+ D=2 A= i 287Bai tap mau Phuong trink vi phan suy ray = See“, Vay nghiém téng quét cia phuong trinh 1a y= +o= axe + Cre + Cre, trong d6 C1,C2 1a céc hing s6. . Nghiem téng quét cia phuong trinh vi phan thudn nhat y= e*(C,cosx + Casinz), Cy, Co 1a hing s6. Xét vé phai f(z) = e*(2cose — 4sinz) 1 dang dae biet nén ta tim nghi¢m riéng dang y* = 2e(Acosa + Bsinz). Suy ra y" =e [((A+ B)r + A)cosx + ((-A+ B)z + B)sinz], y’” = e*((2Br + 2A + 2B) cosx + (24x — 2A + 2B) sin] Thay vao phuong trinh ta c6 ¢* (2B cosa — 2Asinz) = e*(2cosa — 4sin) Déng nhat hé s6 hai vé ta thu duge A = 2, B= 1. Suy ra y* = re*(2cosz + sinz). Vay nghiém téng quat cia phutong trinh 1a yay" | g=xe%(2cosa +sinz) + (C1 cosz + Czsin), trong d6C1,C2 IA céc hing $6. |. Nghiém téng quét cia phutong trinh vi phan thudn nhat @ = C1cos2x + Cysin 2x, Ci,C> la cdc hing 6. 1 cos2a 2 Vé phai cita phuong trinh c6 dang f(x) = cos? x Xét phuong trinh, 1 "+ 4y => y +4y 2 : a 1 06 nghiém riéng Yr = 5- 288Phutong trinh vi phan Bai tap mau = Mat khéc, phuong trinh 6 vé phai dang dac biét nén ta tim nghiém riéng dang Urq = 2e°*(A. cos 2 + B. sin 2x) = 1 (A cos 2x + Bsin 22). Ta tim duge A=0, B=. Suy 18 yyy = desin2e. Theo nguyén ly chéng chat nghiém, phuong trinh ban dau c6 mot nghiém riéng % ete Y= Un + Un = gt gosin 2. Vay nghiém téng quét cia phuong trinh la y=yto= zt qsinde + C; cose + Casin 2, trong dé C},C2 Ia cée hing s6. . Nghiém téng quat ciia phuong trinh vi phan thudn nh&t tuong tmg 7 = Ci cos 2x + Cysin 2x, Cy, C2 la cdc hing sé. Ding phuong phap bién thién hing s6 Lagrange ta c6 Ci (2), C2(x) la nghiém cia hé phutong trinh _sin 2a Foose Ci (2) cos 2x + Ch(2) sin 2x = 0 Ci(z) = : 5 a Ne ~2C{(2) sin 2x + 2C3(2) cos 2x = —— H(z) = 5. Suy ra —sin 2x 1 f[dcos2z_ 1 ile) {xe 1o0s2e Tn |cos2a| + Ki, 1 Ca(z) = if puta 5 tka Vay nghiém téng quét cia phvtong trinh 1A 1 2 y ( In| cos 2z| + *) cos 22 + G + Ka) sin 2c, trong d6 Ki, Kp la céc hing sé. 289Bai tap mau Phuong trinh vi phan BAi 4.2.20. Gidi phwong trinh vi phan y"' — y! — de%*y = €* cose? bing phép déi bién & = t. Giai Tit phép déi bién , suy ra #2 =e, Do dé ¥ = Wet = He = vt, o! = Viste” + ye = ype + Ye = ve + yt Thay vao phwong trinh da cho ta 06 uit? + ylt — yjt — 4t2y = Pcost 4 yl — dy = cost. Nhu vay, nhd déi bién ta dua phuong trinh vé dang y” —4y = cost. Nghi¢m cia phuong trinh thudn nhét twong img 1A D= Cre + Cre“, Ci, C2 hing 86 tiy ¥. Mat khéc, vé phai ciia phuong trinh Ia f(t) = cost c6 dang dic biét nén ta tim nghiém riéng dang y* = Acost + Bsint. -1 Thay vao phutng trinh réi déng nhat hé sé ta thu duge y* = — cost. 5 Vay nghiém ciia phutong trink 1A 1 y = Cye™ + Cpe — goost. Thay t = e* ta nhan duge nghi¢m y = Oye + Cye 2" — : cose®. Bai 4.2.21. Gidi phuong trinh vi phan 2?y" — cy’ —4y = 2? Ina bing céch déi bién x = et. Giai i Bling phép déi bién » = et ta suy rat =Inz, = > Ta c6 é 1 of = vile =H rode oye lig dey sy! = suute + u(—3a) = ave — a 290Phuong trink vi phan Bai tap luyén tap Phugng trinh da cho tré thanh 1 1 1 2 (Jui Bu) teh aye 2 yt —4y = te. Nghiém cia phuong trinh thudn nht tuong img 1a. G=Cre* + Cre. ‘Ta tim nghi¢m riéng cia phuong trinh duéi dang y* = te*(At + B). Tinh dao ham va thay vao phuong trinh, déng nhAt hé sé ta thu duge es Pe epee y* = te’ (# Te) Vay nghiém cia phwtong trinh 1a = Of Pe ys cae y=Cin" + Cor +2%ma (Sinz i6 Ci, C2 hing sé tay ¥. 4.3. Bai tap luyén tap Bai 4.3.1. (Dé thi K58) Gidi phuong trinh vi phan ydx+2(a+y+1)dy = 0. Bai 4.3.2. (Dé thi K59) Gidi phwtong trinh vi phan yda + (vy +«)dy = 0. Bai 4.3.3. (Dé thi K59) Gidi phuong trinh vi phan (cy + y)dx + xdy = 0. Bai 4.3.4. (Dé thi K59) Gidi phuong trinh vi phan (xy? + y)dx — dy = 0. Bai 4.3.5. (Dé thi K59) Gidi phuong trink (x + y?)dx — 2xydy = 0. Bai 4.3.6. (Dé thi K59) Gidi phuong trinh vi phan (y?-+1)da = (y+1)27dy. Bai 4.3.7. (Dé thi K59) Gidi phudng trinh vi phan (x—1)dx = (x?-+1)y*dy. Bai 4.3.8. (Dé thi K61) Gidi phuong trinh y' — y = e* sin Bai 4.3.9. (Dé thi K61) Gidi phuong trinh y' + y = e* sing. Bai 4.3.10. (Dé thi K61) Gidi phitong trinh vi phan (ay3+y)de—ady = 0 Bai 4.3.11. (Dé thi K61) Gidi phuong trinh (2° + y)dx — dy = 0. 291Bai tap luyén tap Phuong trink vi phan Bai 4.3.12. (Dé thi K61) ydx — (x +y*)dy =0. Bai 4.3.13. (Dé thi K57) Gidi phutong trinh (y —y?) dr + (x+y) dy = 0. Bai 4.3.14. (Dé thi K57)Gidi phuong trinh (y + y*) de + (w — y) dy = 0. Bai 4. 15. (Dé thi K58) Gidi phuong trinh (y — xy*)dx + xdy = 0. Bai 4.3.16. (Dé thi K58) Gidi phuong trinh (y — xy3)dx + xdy = 0. Bai 4.3.17. (Dé thi K58) Gidi céc phudng trinh vi phan sau: a) Ax+y +t l)de + ady =0. b) y" —y = 22” Bai 4.3.18. (Dé thi K57) Gidi phuong trinh vi phan a. ydx + (y— x) dy =0. b. y" — 2y' +y =x (3e” +1). Bai 4.3.19. (Dé thi K57) Gidi phuong trinh vi phan a, yd + (2y + x) dy = 0. b. y" + 2y' +y =a (2e-* — 3). Bai 4.3.20. (Dé thi K57) Gidi phuong trink vi phan a, (20 — ay + 2)dx + (1-2) dy =0. b. yf" —4y + 5y =5r4+1. Bai 4.3.21. (Dé thi K57) Gidi phuong trinh vi phan a, (2—y) dx +(x—ry+y+1)dy=0. b. yl" — dy! + Sy = 5a +3. Bai 4.3.22. (Dé thi K57) ) Gidi ode phwong trinh vi phan sau: a. (2y — xe? /y) dr + xdy = 0. b. yl" + 3y! — dy = (182 + 21)", Bai 4.3.23. (Dé thi K57) Gidi céc phutong trinh vi phan sau: a. (2ry +ae% Vy) da — xdy = 0. b. yf — By! — dy = (-182 + 3)e?". 292Phutang trinh vi phan Bai tap Iuyen tap Bai 4.3.24. (Dé thi K58) Gidi phutong trinh vi phan y!’ + dy! + 3y = 2c”. Bai 4.3.25. (Dé thi K58) Gidi phuong trink vi phan y/’ — 3y/ +2y = 2e-*. Bai 4.3.26. (Dé thi K58) Gidi phuong trinh vi phan y" — dy = 2? Bai 4.3.27. (Dé thi K58) Gidi phuong trinh vi phan yl’ — 5y/ + 6y = 2e*. Bai 4.3.28. (Dé thi K58) Gidi phatong trinh vi phan y/' — dy/ +3y = —€**. Bai 4.3.29. (Dé thi K61) Gidi phuang trinh vi phan y"+3y/ +2y = — 22-3. Bai 4.3.30. (Dé thi K61) Gidi phutang trink vi phan y!"—4y/+3y = 32-4. Bai 4.3.31. (Dé thi K61) Gidi phuong trinh y/' — y/ — 2y = (5x — 3)e*. Bai 4.3.32. (Dé thi K61) Gidi phitong trinh y/" — 2y! — 3y = (4x — 2)e". Bai 4.3.33. (Dé thi K61) Gidi phutong trinh vi phan y’ — 3y/ — dy = Bai 4.3.34. (Dé thi K61) Gidi phuong trinh vi phan y" — l6y = 8e*. Bai 4.3.35. (Dé thi K61) Gidi phutong trinh y" — 16y/ = (15a + 29)e”. Bai 4.3.36. (Dé thi K57) Gidi phutong trinh y"" — 4y' + 4y = xe Bai 4.3.37. (Dé thi K57) Gidi phuong trinh y" + 4y' + 4y = we”. (2-2) Bai 4.3.38. (Dé thi K57) Gidi phuong trinh y" — 3y! + 2y = 22 Bai 4.3.39. (Dé thi K57) Gidi phuong trinh vi phan y"—4y = Bai 4.3.40. (pe thi K60) Gigi phuomg trink vi phan y” — Ly’ = 2 ll man y(1) = 52 va y'(1) = Bai 4.3.41. (Dé thi K60) Gidi phuong trinh vi phan y’ + ty =a? théa : ard poo og man y(l) = Gy val) = 5 Bai 4.3.42. (Dé thi K60) Gidi céc phwtong trinh vi phan a. (x — 2y)dar — (20 — 2y)dy = 0. by” —y = cosa +e. Bai 4.3.43. (Dé thi K60) Gidi cdc phitong trinh vi phan sau: a. (x3 + y)dr — zdy =0 b. yy" — 2 + y= 293Bai tap Iuyen tap Phuong trinh vi phan Bai 4.3.44. (Dé thi K60) Gidi cde phuong trinh vi phan sau: a, (x? — y)dx — xdy =0 b. y” + 4y/ + 5y = 3sin x. Bai 4.3.45. (Dé thi K60) Gidi cdc phutong trinh vi phan a. (4x — 3y)dx — (32 + 2y)dy = 0. by? -y=sinz+e-*. Bai 4.3.46. (Dé thi K58 KD) Gidi cdc phuong trink vi phan sau a) zy’ +y=Inc. b) yl" —3y + 2y = 2 — 3. Bai 4.3.47. (Dé thi K58 KD) Gidi ede phitomg trinh wi phan sau a) zy’ —y=2?Ine b) y" +y! -2y=1- 22. Bai 4.3.48. (Dé thi K59) Gidi cdc phwong trinh y!' — 4y! + 4y = 2". Bai 4.3.49. (Dé thi K59) Gidi cae phuong trinh vi phan y"+2y’+y = 3e7*. Bai 4.3.50. (Dé thi K59) Gidi cdc phuong trinh vi phan y" —5y/+6y = e~*. Bai 4.3.51. (Dé thi K59) Gidi céc phuong trinh vi phan y!" +5y'+6y = Bai 4.3.52. (Dé thi K57) Tim nghiém y = y(z) ctia phitong trinh y/'-+4y = 2(a? + 3) théa mén diéu kién ban dau y(0)=2, y(0) = 4. Bai 4.3.53. (Dé thi K57) Tim nghiém cia phuong trinh y" — y! — 2y = —8e" thda man diéu kién ban dau y(0)=1, y/(0) =3. Bai 4.3.54. (Dé thi K60) Gidi phuong trinh vi phan y’ + 4y = cose. Bai 4.3.55. (Dé thi K60) Gidi phuong trinh vi phan y" + 9y = sina. Bai 4.3.56. (Dé thi K59) Tim nghiém tong qudt ctia phuong trinh vi phan ay" — 2ry! + 2y = 23 Ine biét phutang trinh thudn nhat tuong tng cb mot nghiém la y\(x) = 2? Bai 4.3.57. (Dé thi K59) Tim nghiém téng quat ctia phuong trinh vi phan wy" — Qcy' + 2y = 2? Inx biét phitong trinh thudn nhat twang ting c6 mot nghiém lay: (zz) = 2? Bai 4.3.58. (Dé thi K58) Gidi phuong trinh vi phan xy" —3zxy! +4y bing céch dat x = e*. 294Phatong trinh vi phan Bai tap luyén tap 1 Bai 4.3.59. (Dé thi K58) Gidi phuong trinh vi phan xy" + Say! +4y = 2 bing cach dat x = et. Dép sé Bai 4.3.1. (c+ ly? + B=C. Bai 4.3.2. = 0,y = 0,2y = Ce~. Bai 43.8.2 =0,y =0,2y = Ce. Bai 43.4.1 =1(etn|e|—2+C). Bai 4.3.5. 4? = 2(In|x| +C). Bai 4.3.6. 2+ Bye) + arctany =C. Bai 4.3.7. —¥ + a? -#(C —cos.z),C la hing 86 tuy ¥. Bai 4.3.10. Jy = (C — %). Bai 4.3.11. y= 2(C + #),C la hing s6 tuy ¥. BAi 4.3.12. « = y(C + #2), C Ia hing s6 tuy ¥. Bai 4.3.13. p25 +In|1— yl + 74; -2=C,C la hang 86 tuy y. Bai 4.3.14, Tey t in| + yl + ry - 2 = C,C Ia hing s6 tuy 9. mai 425.9 HC=nED: Bai 4.3.16. 3, =m(C+D. Bai 4.3.17. a) (y+ Vz 24 22=C. b)y=Cye™ + Cre* — 22? — Bai 4.3.18. a)y=0,2=y(C—Inlyl). b)y = Che? + Cpre* + BE 4042. Bai 4.3.19. a)y=0,2 =". by = Cye* + Cone* + PE — 30 + 6. Bai 4.3.20. a) (2x — zy + y)e* =C. b) y = e8(C) cose + Cz sin) + PS Bai 4.3.21. a) (2x — zy + y)e” =C. b)y =e (Cy cos 2x + C2 sin 2x) + +241. =+a+1. Bai 4.3.22. a)r=0,y=0, 9 one +C), b)y = Cre? + Cpe" + 30" Bai 4.3.23. a)r=0,y=0, 7 =e"(-+C). b)y = Cre“*+Cre"* +320" Bai 4.3.24. y = Cye-® + Che" +¢ = Bai 4.3.25. y = Cie? + Coe™ + Bai 4.3.26. y = Cye™ + Cpe" — "tan Bai 4.3.27. y = Cye™™ + Coe™ + €?. Bai 4.3.28. y = Cie? + Coe** + €?*, Bai 4.3.29. y = Cye~® + Cze~* — 2, C1, Co la hai hing 86 tuy ¥. Bai 4.3.30. y = Cye~* + Coe~* +x, C}, Co la hai hing s6 tuy y. Bai 4.3.31. y = Cye-® + Ce + G=12e" Cy Cy Ia hai hing 6 tuy y. 295