Opinion

iMedPub Journals Journal of Applied Microbiology and Biochemistry 2022

www.imedpub.com Vol.6 No.9:087
ISSN 2576-1412

Bactericidal Activities against Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria

Muhammad Ikram *
Department of Physics, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
*Corresponding author: Muhammad Ikram. Department of Physics, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan,
E-mail: madikramuham@gcu.edu.pk
Received date: August 02, 2022, Manuscript No. IPJAMB-22-14770; Editor assigned date: August 05, 2022, PreQC No. IPJAMB-22-14770
(PQ); Reviewed date: August 15, 2022, QC No. IPJAMB-22-14770; Revised date: August 25, 2022, Manuscript No. IPJAMB-22-14770 (R); Published
date: September 02, 2022, DOI: 10.36648/2576-1412.6.9.87
Citation: Ikram M (2022) Bactericidal Activities against Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria. J Appl Microbiol Biochem Vol.6 No.9: 087.

Description antibiotic in medicine and regulate E. coli across multiple

major issue in everyday life everywhere. Tetracycline (TC) is a
bacteriostatic drug with numerous antibacterial properties.
Utilizing nanotechnology is one potential strategy for enhancing
antibiotics' penetration and antibacterial activity. This study
examined the synthesis, characterization, and efficacy of TC
loading in biocompatible magnesium oxide nanoparticles against
diarrhea-causing MDR bacteria E. coli and S. flexneri. DLS, SEM-
EDS, UV–vis spectroscopy, and FTIR methods were used to
adequately characterize TC-loaded-MgONPs. Studies on this
nanoparticle's efficacy against bacteria and biofilms show that it
successfully killed both planktonic and sessile forms of those
bacteria. In addition, as an antibacterial action, it induced
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in the bacterial cell and
significantly reduced the production of bacterial EPS. In
particular, the C. elegans model's colonization of MDR E. coli
and S. flexneri was effectively reduced by MgONPs-TC. As a
result, all of these data suggest that MgONPs-TC are a very
promising strategy for battling diseases caused by MDR bacteria
that cause diarrhea in medical settings with limited healthcare
budgets.
Effectiveness against both Gram-Positive
and Gram-Negative Bacteria
To combat the growing resistance of microorganisms to
antibiotics, new antibiotics must be developed immediately. A
marine-derived fungus was used to isolate Penicilazaphilone C, a
novel natural compound. It has been shown to be effective
against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Its
bactericidal mechanism, on the other hand, is still a mystery. In
this case, time-kill assays proved that PAC kills bacteria quickly
and effectively. In addition, the results of 4D label-free
quantitative proteome assays demonstrated that PAC has a
significant impact on more than 898 proteins in Escherichia coli.
The mode of PAC action against E. coli was to block respiration,
inhibit assimilatory nitrate reduction and dissimilar sulfur
reduction, facilitate assimilatory sulfate reduction, suppress
cysteine and methionine biosynthesis, down-regulate
antioxidant protein expression and induced intracellular ROS
accumulation, weaken bacterial chemotaxis, destroy flagellar
assembly, etc., according to a combination of the results of
biofilm formation, galactoand finally result in the death of the
bacteria. Our findings suggest that PAC could be used as a new
targets. Cationic antimicrobial peptides are a promising
alternative for combating antibiotic resistance and play an
important role in the innate immunity of the host. In this study,
two CAMPs—LL-37 and CAMA—were tested for their ability to
kill Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the presence of IB3-1 cells, a cell
line derived from cystic fibrosis patients.PA survival was affected
differently by the two CAMPs depending on when they were
administered. Prior to infection, IB3-1 cells treated with CAMPs
at sub-minimum bactericidal concentrations had a greater
bactericidal effect. These results suggest that CAMPs cause IB3-1
cells to produce factors that enhance their ability to kill bacteria.
However, when supra-minimum bactericidal concentrations of
the CAMPs were added to IB3-1 cells simultaneously or after
infection, we observed no bactericidal effect. After
administering LL-37, Western blot analysis revealed a significant
decrease in LL-37 levels and an increase in LL-37 binding to
infected IB3-1 cell supernatants. Without being toxic, LL-37
elicited a mild inflammatory response in the cells. In conclusion,
our findings suggest that CAMPs might prevent disease. After
cell infection, when CAMPs were added, their bactericidal
effects were low. This was probably because CAMPs were
broken down by bacterial or epithelial cell proteases or because
CAMPs stuck to cells and was less available to kill bacteria
directly.
Formation of Amphipathic Helical
Structures
An antimicrobial peptide was developed as a potential
substitute for antibiotics. An electro stimulated arboreal South
American frog, Hypsiboas albopunctatus, yielded a novel 18-
amino acid antimicrobial peptide known as Hylin a1, which was
found to have cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity. Based on
the parent peptide Hylin a1, the analog peptides were created in
a recent study to maintain antimicrobial efficacy while reducing
toxicity. By replacing the analog peptides with alanine and
lysine, hydrophobic moments and net charges were induced as
well as the formation of amphipathic -helical structures in
membrane-imitating environments. Additionally, the analog
peptides had lower selectivity for mammalian cells and lower
hemolytic effects than Hylin a1.Against carbapenem-resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii, Hylin a1-11K and Hylin a1-15K, in
particular, demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial and
anti-biofilm activity. Analog peptides eliminated bacteria by

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 Journal of Applied Microbiology and Biochemistry
binding to lipopolysaccharide and disrupting the bacterial
membrane, according to permeability assays. By suppressing the
expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines by A. baumannii
infection, Hylin a1-11K and Hylin a1-15K reduced inflammation
and effectively treated carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii
infection in mice. As a result, our findings suggest that the
analog peptide substituted with a number of residues based on
Hylin a1 may be effective in treating carbapenem-resistant A.
baumannii infections due to its antibacterial and anti-
inflammatory properties. Due to their high biocompatibility,
chemical stability, and adequate resistance-to-specific weight
ratio, titanium alloys are attractive for the production of bone
implants. However, it has very limited ability to reject bacterial
adhesion and biofilm formation. Additionally, since their tri
biological resistance and low hardness restrict their application,
surface treatments are frequently utilized to enhance this
property. The purpose of this study was to propose the
deposition of TiAlVN(Ag)x nano composite coatings by means of
direct current magnetron sputtering. The goal was to give the
coated substrates a significant bactericidal effect without
significantly affecting their hardness or their ability to sustain
2 This article is available from: https://www.imedpub.com/applied-microbiology-and-biochemistry/#
2022
ISSN 2576-1412 Vol.6 No.9:087
life. The coatings were deposited from silver and Ti6Al4V alloy
targets that were 180 degrees apart. The compound contained
8.1% silver by atomic weight; 10.6%; the microstructural
properties, elemental chemical composition, phase composition,
and surface topography of the deposited coatings were
evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy, energy dispersive
spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and atomic
force microscopy, respectively. The power applied to the silver
target was varied between 0 and 100W, while the power
supplied to the titanium alloy target remained constant at
2000W. Pseudomonas aeruginosa inhibition and adhesion were
used to measure the composite coatings' bactericidal effect, and
human osteoblasts from the Saos-2 cell line were used to
measure cell viability using the MTT method. P. aeruginosa was
significantly inhibited by all deposited coatings, with inhibition
exceeding 99.99% and surface adhesion avoided at
100%.Osteoblast adhesion to coated substrates and high
biocompatibility were demonstrated by the TiAlVN(Ag) samples
containing 8.1 and 10.6 percent silver, respectively. These
samples also had the highest ratio of mechanical and tri
biological properties.