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Influencer Marketing
Influencer marketing is not yet academically defined in literature. So far mainly online
encyclopaedias and business magazines have covered the topic at length. Influencer
marketing shows similarities to word-of-mouth marketing and can be considered as a digital
form of word-of-mouth marketing.
There are various definitions of influencer marketing, for instance, “a type of marketing that
focuses on using key leaders to drive a brand’s message to the larger market” (Byrne,
Kearney & MacEvill, 2017, p.1). Li & Du (2011) also believe that an influencer is similar to
an opinion leader, they define it as an influential person with a strong personal brand.
Together with the two mentioned definitions, the authors believe that it could be specified
even further to describe influencer marketing in an online environment. Therefore, in this
thesis it will be defined as follows; influencer marketing uses a person who has built up a lot
of followers on a social media platform such as Instagram or blogs. Furthermore, the person
is also seen as trustable and brands use this person to spread product- and brand awareness
(De Veirman et al., 2017).
Brand Awareness
Brand awareness denotes whether consumers know about a certain brand and whether they
can recall or distinguish it (Keller 2008). Brands of which consumers are aware are more
likely to be included in consumers’ consideration set when making purchase decisions
(MacDonald and Sharp 2000). Brand awareness plays an important role in consumers’
purchase decisions (Barreda et al. 2015) and can serve as a heuristic cue or shortcut in
decision-making (Hoyer and Brown 1990).
The leading goals of brands’ influencer marketing campaigns include expanding brand
awareness, reaching new targeted audiences, and improving sales conversion (e.g., Esseveld
2017; Statista 2018). Brands that invest in influencer marketing aim to garner brand mentions
from influencers, which in turn can boost brand awareness among their targeted consumers
and consequently drive sales. Given that brand awareness is one of the leading goals of
influencer marketing and plays a significant role in purchase behaviors, we decided to focus
this study on brand awareness rather than other attitudinal evaluations of ads or brands.
Digital marketing is one type of marketing is widely used to promote products or services and
to reach consumers using digital channels. Digital marketing extends beyond internet
marketing including channels that do not require the use of Internet. It includes mobile
phones (both SMS and MMS), social media marketing, display advertising, search engine
marketing and many other forms of digital media. Through digital media, consumers can
access information at any time and any place where they want. With the presence of digital
media, consumers do not just rely on what the company says about their brand but also they
can follow what the media, friends, associations, peers, etc., are saying as well. Digital
marketing is a broad term that refers to various promotional techniques deployed to reach
customers via digital technologies. Digital marketing embodies an extensive selection of
service, product and brand marketing tactics which mainly use Internet as a core promotional
medium in addition to mobile and traditional TV and radio. Canon iMage Gateway helps
consumers share their digital photos with friends online. L’Oréal’s brand Lancôme uses email
newsletters to keep in touch with customers and hence tries to strengthen customer brand
loyalty (Merisavo et al., 2004). Magazine publishers can activate and drive their customers
into Internet with e-mails and SMS messages to improve re-subscription rate (Merisavo et al.,
2004).
The audience connection goes a long way. It looks like nano and micro-influencers have
mastered this skill. Compared to real celebs, like movie stars, they may not have a massive
following; however, their engagement rate is significantly high!
2. The rise of video content
Video content has become the pillar of the overall marketing space. Leveraging it effectively
with influencer marketing can help transform your brand. Brands with influencers can
monetize long-form content with the help of Instagram videos.
3. The emergence of new social media tools
Social media is a dynamic space. If you cannot entirely focus on social media platforms, you
might have to bear a loss. Platforms like Instagram, Facebook, etc., are upgrading only for the
better.
Tools like Social Commerce, Lives, Reels, etc., are only helping brands bring more revenue.
There is no surprise that influencer marketing has become essential to optimize these features
appropriately.
It's difficult to predict who will outshine whom in a highly competitive market, and it's much
more difficult to choose which marketing agency to work with.
Finexus takes a unique approach to each client, personalizing our services to your specific
company needs. We work hard to figure out what works best for your company and
implement improvements that will result in a positive return on investment. We can assure
you that you are working with a staff that is genuinely enthusiastic and educated about your
specific requirements, not simply with concepts or promises.
Our Services
Some of the most successful campaigns for our clients have been designed by our skilled
professionals. We strive to consistently surpass expectations, create unforgettable memories,
and elevate companies to their full potential.
Our Work
1.4 Learning from the Internship
Research
Competitive Analysis
Content curation of relevant articles, social media content etc.
Blog monitoring
Compiling data
Pitching in ideas for campaigns
Prepare a monthly content calendar
Manage and execute social media content
Act as a bridge between the client and the design team
Finexus company engaged in marketing, especially social media marketing, conducts market
research & content research in its digital marketing section. The importance of doing market
research in social media marketing to find and gather the right clients for the company.
I was assigned to collect data about influencers and companies that have social media by
using search techniques and given daily targets by mentor to be able to find target markets.
The results of the market research are in the form of targeted social media insights as well as
client contacts that the company will contact for further cooperation offers.
The duty to be able to contact and inform clients regarding the cooperation offered is also
part of the department. Finexus clients are social media influencers and Indian brands where
they are contacted and informed via Direct Message on their social media pages.
In this activity, I had to contact and inform clients about research data that has been done
previously. Before sending a message to the client, I was asked to prepare a write-up message
with the points in the message containing an explanation of Finexus and the cooperation
offered.
I gained knowledge and skills, especially in social media analyzing research by analyzing the
content of the client, competitors, and topics given by the mentor. I learned that in analyzing
social media it is necessary to see the audience interacting with such content, especially in
insight which includes the number of comments, the number of likes, followers of a social
media account, analyzing various audiences who see content in a social media account,
whether the content is interactive and provides information for the audience. The results of
my research conducted were used to create content timelines for social media.
During the internship, market research activities are carried out by collecting data on
potential clients to be contacted regarding cooperation information offered by Finexus. This
market research conducted collects client data from social media, where this client is an
Indian influencer with more than 10,000 followers on Instagram and also influencers with
content topics such as food blogger, lifestyle, health, etc. I also conduct market research by
analyzing social media by looking at insights that include comments on a post on social
media, the number of likes, and seeing how audiences interact with content on social media.
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Theoretical Background
The central theme of social influence theory, as proposed by Kelman (1958), is that an
individual’s attitudes, beliefs, and subsequent actions or behaviors are influenced by referent
others through three processes: compliance, identification, and internalization. Kelman
(1958) posited that social influence brings about changes in attitude and actions, and that
changes may occur at different “levels.” This difference in the level of changes can be
attributed by the differences in the processes through which individuals accept influence.
Kelman (1958) delineated three primary processes of influence as described below:
Compliance is assumed to occur when individuals accept influence and adopt the
induced behavior to gain rewards (or, approval) and avoid punishments (or,
disapproval). Hence, “the satisfaction derived from compliance is due to the social
effect of accepting influence.”
Identification is said to happen when individuals adopt the induced behavior in order
to create or maintain a desired and beneficial relationship to another person or a
group. Hence, the satisfaction occurs due to “the act of conforming.”
Each of the three processes can be represented by a function of the following three
determinants of influence: (a) the relative importance of the anticipated effect, (b) the relative
power of the influencing agent, and (c) the prepotency of the induced response (Kelman
1958).
The effects of ad heuristic and systematic cues on consumer brand awareness and
purchase intention-Yingsi Tan a ,Shuang Geng a , Sotaro Katsumat-a ,Xiaojun Xiong(2021)
The increasing amount of social media users makes social media advertising a critical
marketing choice. However, how to engagement consumers and build brand awareness is still
a challenging question for marketers.Overall, these findings suggest that practitioners should
ensure the informativeness and persuasiveness of ad content, and select appropriate poster for
ad posting.
Influencer Marketing: How Message Value and Credibility Affect Consumer Trust of
Branded Content on Social Media-Chen Loua and Shupei Yuan(2019) This study proposed
a theoretical model to understand the effects of influencer marketing, which incorporates the
value of influencer content and source credibility into model testing and lays the groundwork
for a more comprehensive model. Despite the wide acclaim that it has received from the
industry, influencer marketing is yet to evolve. There will be more questions to be examined
regarding the effects of influencer marketing in light of the ever-changing interactive
advertising landscape, such as the recent popularity of vertical video (e.g., Instagram’s IGTV)
and experiential advertising.
The Gold Rush of Digital Marketing: Assessing Prospects of Building Brand Awareness
Overseas-Anna Makrid-es, Demetris Vrontis, and Michael Christofi(2019) More research
needs to be done about the impact of a business location on the effectiveness of brand
awareness strategies, and future research should focus on understanding global differences
since digital marketing is advancing at diverse speeds and in unique ways across the world.
Digital Marketing is a multifaceted topic in both marketing and scholarly research. It has
been approached from numerous perspectives. Yet, several gaps about the actions that SMEs
can implement across channels and devices to engage customers on an international level
remain
More than meets the eye: The functional components underlying influencer marketing-
Colin Campbell,Justine Rapp Farrell(2020) Influencer marketing will undoubtedly continue
to gain traction in the coming years. In a movement that some have called confluence culture,
there is broad recognition that the advertising industry must “adapt to embrace the new reality
of interactive content, emerging media, and production/ consumption methods”
Influencer Marketing: Reaching the Right Person at the Right Place-Ms. Aruna
Nidamarthy,Ms. Blanche D’mello,Dr. Sharmiladevi J.C(2020) Gender is not significantly
influence the trusting opinion, trusting product reviews and likely purchases. But the different
age groups show significant positive results on trusting opinions on social medic, trusting
product reviews and the likely purchases. Marketers also need to focus on reaching the kind
of consumer who has significant purchasing power or one that can influence purchase
behaviour. While reaching a wide audience is necessary to establish a brand, it is also
important to add to sales and revenue through this form of marketing.
2.4 Research Gap
The study will contribute to filling the gap with the aim to determine the effect of
involvement in Instagram influencer following and perceived trust in Instagram influencer’s
brand-related content on customer’s brand awareness.
The purpose of this study is to understand how Influencer/Celebrity posts have an impact on
brand awareness. Beyond that, the consumer’s brand attitude will also be analyzed, that, if the
consumer’s opinion about a certain brand (products, services, etc.) also changes negatively or
positively according to the influencer’s posts. Previous research has established how
marketing influencers affect consumer purchasing intentions, but it has not addressed the
implications of marketing influencers on overall brand equity by emphasizing the role of
brand awareness and customer brand engagement.
CHAPTER 3
Research Methodology
Research Objectives
The research aims to understand the impact of influencer marketing on brand awareness and
the consumers’ mindset and their intention toward the brand post influenced by the
influencers.
Research Design
In this research, the writer used the descriptive method because of the variables to be
explored the relationship and aim to present an overview of the relationship between the
variables studied.
Sources of Data
Data has been collected from two sources which are primary and secondary data.
Primary Data: Primary data was collected by online questionnaires prepared through Google
Forms.
Secondary Data: Secondary data was collected from different internet sources and is used to
study the existing market situation and general information. The data has been collected from
reviews of the book, digital libraries, journals, online databases on other web resources, and
various cited research papers which are already been published by various authors related to
the study being already reviewed.
Sample Size
Method of collection: Data was collected through google forms. A questionnaire was made
and a link to the same would be sent through what’s app, email, and other social media
platforms at the respondent’s convenience.
Sampling Method
Here, we have used a non-probability convenience sampling technique in which the sample
members are chosen based on the researcher’s knowledge and judgment. In this study, we
have taken people between the 18 and above age group.
For analysis of the project, percentage analysis with the help of statistical tools (pie chart, bar
graph) and Regression by using MS Excel .
Influencer Marketing
Brand Awareness
Social Media
Attractiveness
Entertainment
Influencers
CHAPTER 4
GENDER %
48% MALE
52%
FEMALE
Interpretation
From the above chart, it can be interpreted that 48% of respondents are female and 52% of
respondents are male.
AGE
AGE %
7%
15%
18-25
50% 26-35
36-50
Above 50
28%
Interpretation
From the above chart, it can be interpreted that 50% of respondents are of 18-25 years age
group, 28% of respondents are of 26-35 years age group and 15% of respondents are of 36-50
years age group, and 7% of respondents are of above 50 years age group
OCCUPATION
OCCUPATION %
12% 10%
GOVT SERVICE
22% COPORATE SECTOR
BUSINESS
STUDENT
44%
12% OTHERS
Interpretation
From the above chart, it can be interpreted that 10% of respondents are in the Government
Service,22% of respondents are in Corporate Sector,12% of respondents are Businessman,
44% of respondents are Students, and 12% of respondents are others.
INCOME LEVEL
INCOME LEVEL %
ABOVE 5 LAC
36%
Interpretation
From the above chart, it can be interpreted that 5% of respondents are of below 1 lac income
level, 16% of respondents are of between 1 lac-3 lac income level and 11% of respondents
are of 3 lac-5 lac income level, 36% of respondents are of above 5 lac income level, and 32%
of respondent are of no income.
Are you present on social media channels?
YES
NO
100%
Interpretation
From the above chart, it can be interpreted that 100% of respondents are present on social
media channels.
1%
17%
1
2
58% 24% 3
More than 3
Interpretation
From the above chart, it can be interpreted that only 1% of respondents type of social media
account, 17% of respondent use 2 types of social media accounts, 24% of respondent use 3
types of social media accounts, 58% of respondent use more than 3 types of social media
account.
Which of the following social media channels are you using the most?
Chart Title
Linkedin 23 20 16 11 5 6 13
Pinterest 20 4 15 14 10 7 17
Youtube 36 22 20 7 2 2 9
WhatsApp 58 2 3 6 12 15
Twitter 22 11 15 12 7 8 15
Instagram 68 5 4 8 12 10
Facebook 35 16 7 14 5 4 13
Interpretation
On a regular day, how many hours do you spend on social networking channels?
7% 6%
14% 0-30 min
30 min - 1hr
35% 1hr - 2hr
2hr-4hr
More than 4hr
38%
Interpretation
From the above chart, it can be interpreted that 6% of respondents use social media for 3o
mins only, that 1% respondent use social media for 30min -1hr, 38% of respondents use
social media for 1hr- 2hr, 35% of respondents use social media for 2hr -4hr, and 7% of
respondents use social media for more than 4hr
YES
NO
100%
Interpretation
From the above chart, it can be interpreted that 100% of respondents have shopped online.
Electronic Gadgets 72
Food Groceries 63
Beauty Products 54
Jewellery 51
Tickets( concerts,movies) 67
Fitness Products 62
Health Products 52
Clothing 93
Interpretation
60 57
50
40
38
40
30
30
24
20
18
20 16 16 16 15
12 13
7 8
10
0
1 2 3 4
Interpretation
Do you follow any influencers on the social media you are using?
Chart Title
9%
6%
YES
NO
MAYBE
85%
Interpretation
From the above chart, it can be interpreted that 85% of respondents follow influencers on
social media, 6% of respondents doesn’t follow influencers on social media, and 9% of
respondents are not sure about following influencers on social media
Chart Title
3%
18%
1-5
5 - 10
55% 10 - 20
24% More than 20
Interpretation
From the above chart, it can be interpreted that 55% of respondents follow around 1-5
influencers, 24% of respondents follow around 5-10 influencers, 18% of respondents follow
around 10-20 influencers, 3% of respondents follow more than 20 influencers.
Chart Title
2% 9% 16%
Number of followers
12% Reach to the audience
Quality of Engagement
Voice
Others
61%
Interpretation
Chart Title
very likely 51 22 44 31 39 44
likely 11 23 14 15 15 14
unlikely 8 12 6 10 7 10
very unlikely 18 24 13 16 22 12
Interpretation
In your opinion, what is the main reason you are following an influencer?
me more connected with the same minded people, like Influencer's followers.
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Interpretation
Chart Title
6%
YES
NO
94%
Interpretation
From the above chart, it can be interpreted that 94% of respondents are aware of influencers’
collaborations with the brands, that 6% of respondents are not aware of influencers’
collaborations with the brands.
IInfluencer
like to seecollaborations
whom my favoriteinfluencers
with brands are making
are working
me unfollow
with.I get
with. the
inspired
influencer
to follow
I followed
the brands my favorite influencers are
collaborating with
Interpretation
If an influencer has a positive opinion about the brand they endorse, I have as well. 7 10 40 29 14
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Interpretation
How many times did you recognize a product/ service that one Influencer was
endorsing?
Chart Title
8%
22%
25% Zero Time
1 - 2 times
2 - 5 times
More than 5 times
45%
Interpretation
From the above chart, it can be interpreted that 22% of respondents never recognize a
product/ service, 45% of respondents 1-2 times recognize a product/ service,25 % of
respondents 2-5 times recognize a product/ service, 8% of respondents more than 5 times
recognize a product/ service that one Influencer was endorsing.
Please fill in the following as per your views on endorsements of brands on social
media platforms. (1-Most preferred, 5-least preferred)
Chart Title
47
28
13
9
3
1 2 3 4 5
Interpretation