General features : General organization and classification order); Origin of metazoa: Origin of coelomacoelomata, pseudocoelomata and eucoelomata, protostomes and deuterostomes; Symmetry in animals. Protozoa : Locomotion, nutrition and reproduction in protozoa; Parasitic protozoa: Life history of Paramaecium, Manacystis, Plasmodium and Trypanosoma. Porifera : Canal system; Skeleton; Reproduction in sponges. Coelenterata = Polymorphism in coelenterata; Coral and coral reefs; structure and life history of Obelia and Aurelia. Helminthes : Structure and life history of Fasciola, Taenia and Ascerris; Parasitic adaptations. UNIT II - Non chordata Annelida : Metamerism; Coelom; Segmental organs; Structure and life history of ‘Nereis, earthworm and leech; Excretory and nervous system of annelida. Arthropoda : Structure and affinities of Peripatus: Structure and life history of Palaemon, scorpion and cockroach; Larval forms and parasitism in crustacea; ‘Vision in insecta; Respiration in arthropoda: Mouth parts of insects. ‘Mollusea : Foot and respiration in mollusea; Torsion and detorsion in gastropoda; Structure and life history of Pila, Sepia, Unio. Echinodermata :Water vascular system; Larval forms and their phylogenetic significance; Life history of Asterias.UNIT - IT Chordata General features : General organization and classification of chordata up to order; Origin of chordata, Protochordata : Salient features and affinities of protochordate groups (hemichordata, cephalochordata and urachordata). Cyclostomes and Pisces : Structure and affinities of cyclostomes and Dipnoi: Lateral line receptors; Accessory respiratory suructures; Scales; Migration in fishes: General features of Scaliodon and Anabas. Amphibia : Origin and evolution of amphibia; Neoteny: Parental cate; Structural peculiarities and affinities of Urodela and Apoda. UNIT=IV - Chordata Reptiles : Origin of reptiles; Adaptive radiation; Skull types: Poisonous and non- poisonous snakes of India; Mechanism of snake bite; Venom composition and mode of action; Sphenodon. ‘Aves : Origin of birds; Flight adaptation; Migration; Palate; Flightless birds. ‘Mammals : Origin of mammals; Deotition; Aquatic mammals; Prototheria and ‘Metatheria. Comparative anatomy : Origin and evolution of aortic arches, heart, brain, Kidney, skin and endocrine glands (Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal and gonads) in different vertebrate groups. ‘Section —B (Ecology, Ethology, Bio-statisties and Economic Zoology) UNIT-I Ecology : Concept and components of ecosystem (energy flow, food chain, food web, ecological pyramids and productivity); Abiotic factors (Soil, light and temperature); Biotic factors; Biogeochemical eyeles (carbon, nitrogen and sulphur); Ecological niche; Biotic community: Concept of population, Ecological succession; Pollution of air, water and soil, Global warming; Ozone layer depletion; Acid rain.Biodiversity : Types of biodiversity (4, & and a); Mega biodiversity countries; Biodiversity indices; Key stone species; Biodiversity conservation (ir site an dex situ), Germplasm conservation; Intellectual property rights and patents; Biodiversity hot spots in India; Resource management; Wildlife and its management; Endangered species; Wildlife in Oxdisha, ; I Ethology : Concept and method of studying animal behavior, Role of hypothalamus, hormones and pheromones regulation of behavior; Physiological basis of behavior; Types and Mechanism of learning: Biochemical basis of memory: Social behavior in insects and primates; Biological clock: Courtship, mating and parental care: Orientation; Navigation; Homing and migration; Tidal, seasonal and circadian systems. UNIT Economic Zoology : Apiculture; Sericulture; Lac culture; Induced breeding and carp culture: Pearl culture: Fresh water prawn culture: Insect and rodent pests of crops and stored grains and their control; Major infectious and communicable diseases ( malatia, tuberculosis, cholera, plague, AIDS), theit vectors, pathogens Bio-statisties. : Methods of sampling; Graphical representation of data; ‘Measurement of central tendency; Standard deviation; Standard error, Probability distributions (Binomial, Poisson and Normal); Null hypothesis; Tests of significance (x2-, t- and Fest); Simple correlation; Regression. Instrumentation = Basic principles and applications of light microscope and electron microscope (TEM and SEM) Electrophoresis: Chromatography: Colorimetry; Autoradiography, Flame photometry, G.M. counter, Scintillation counter; Immuno electrophoresis and Immunoblotting.PAPER - I UNIT=1 Cell Biology : Ultra structure of animal cell; Cell cycle; Ulira structure and function of cell organelles (plasma membrane, mitochondria, Golgi complex, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, lysosome and nucleus); Organisation of eukaryotic chromosomes; Cell division- mitosis and meiosis; Spindle and mitotic apparatus; Chromosome movement; Cancer cells. UNIT=0 Genetics : Gene structure and function; Watson-Crick model; DNA replication; ‘Mechanism of gene regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; Types of RNA; Genetic code and Wobble Protein synthesis; Molecular basis of mutation; Mendel’s laws of inheritance; Linkage and linkage maps, Crossing over; Sex chromosomes: Sex determination, Sex-linked inheritance; Structural rearrangements; Interaction of genes: Multiple factor inheritance, Human genetics- narthal and abnormal karyotypes; Genes and diseases, uN Evolution : Origin of life; Evidences and theories of organic evolution (Darwinism, Lamarckism); Natural selection; Synthetic theory of Evolution; Hardy-Weinberg law: Genetic drift; Mimicry, Role of mutation and isolation in evolution; Fossilization and dating of fossils; Evolution of horse, elephant and camel; Ancestry of man, Systematics : Species concept; Principles of classification; Biological nomenclature; International code of Zoological Nomenclature(ICZN); Importance of anatomy, cytology, biochemistry and physiology in taxonomy; Molecular taxonomy and Numerical taxonomy: Theories of distribution of animals: ‘Zoogeographical realms of the world. UNIT —1v Molecular Biology and Biotechnology : Recombinant DNA, Restriction endonucleases, cloning technology : Plasmids, cosmids and Phagemids as cloning vectors; ¢-DNA; DNA sequencing, RAPD, RFLP analysis and Human genome project, Polymerase chain reaction and DNA fingerprinting: Signal transduction. Biotechnology in the Welfare of human race; Gene library; Production of transgenic animals and genetically modified organisms; Application of biotechnology in medicine, waste management and food production; Industrial biotechnology and production of biopharmaceuticals; Gene therapy and new age medicines.‘Section — B Biochemistry : Stucture of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, proteins and Krebs cycle; Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation; Cyclic AMP, its structure and role; Classification of enzymes, enzyme action and kinetics: Vitamins; Coenzymes; Membrane structure and function, pH and buffers, Hendetson-Hasselbach equation: Thermodynamics and living processes, ATP and an ‘ UNIT=0 Physiology and Endocrinology : Composition of blood; Pigments of respiration: Bload coagulation; Blood groups; Q2 and COz transport; Cardiac eyele; Breathing and its regulation; Structure of nephron; Urine formation; Acid-base balance: Structure of neuron; Conduction of impulse through the axon and synapse: ‘Neurotransmitters; Mechanism of vision and hearing: Structure and mechanism of contraction of skeletal muscles; Digestion and absorption of principal food stuff; Function of pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancteas, and gonads: Pheromones in insects and mammals; Biosynthesis, regulation of secretion and mechanism of action of steroid and peptide hormones, Hormones of G-I tract: europeptides; Physiology of reproduction and artificial insemination: UN Developmental Biology : Ultra structure: of gametes; Gametogenesis: Types of eggs; Fertilization; Cleavage: Gastrulation and fate maps of frog and chick; Mammalian placenta and its function. Organizer concept, Organogenesis of central nervous system, heart and kidney in vertebrates; Stem cells and mechanism of differentiation; ‘Morphogenesis and morphogen, Genetic regulation of development; Homeotic genes; ageing. cell death and programmed cell death; Metamorphosis in frog and insects= Cellular, Biochemical and Physiological features; Regeneration; Blastogenesis; in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. UNIT-IV Microbiology : Structure of prokaryotes, Cellular organization of bacteria; Bacterial cell wall; Classification of bacteria; Bacterial transformation, transduction, conjugation, transfection; Antibiotics and their mode of action; Structure, classification, molecular architecture of virus(TMV, Ts and # virus); lysogeny and lytic phages; Bacterial and viral diseases. Immunology : Innate and acquired immunity; Antigen antibody interaction; Types of antibody: Primary and secondary immunity, B and T cells, ‘Humoral and cell- mediated immune response; Hypersensitivity, Autoimmunity and auto immune diseases, Transplantation immunology; Vaccines and their preparation; Immunobiology of cancer.