BISA, JORN CARL S. BSME - 3A ME 322 REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS FINAL OUTPUT : ToPIc > Mulh - stage Reprigeration Cystem N) A two = Stage ammonia yctem using Flash ~gas_ removal and infer-cooling operates 0 the cyck, The candensing temperate is 38°C. The satwratiin temperature of the ntermediate - temperature — evporatr is oC , and its copacity ic [60 EW. The saturation temperatvre op the daw - temperature is -40"C | ond its capacity iS 220 KI. What is the mle of reprigerant cenpressed ly the high ~ stage cmpresser ? SOLUTION # tathaley s/h Ab stale 1, b+ Ate hye 1407.26 KS eg st ©2481 i/kg Kk Ab state 2, tes oC @ estant entropy by = ae kU hag Ke stale 3, by = tp 20'S bg = Mot.20 bd fy AL stale 4, bys ast bay lean ki Thy Ko shte &, te = & he + 366.072 KS/ig M stole o, he the = 366.002 bs Mhy ee a by = ape bd /hy At stale $ he = by = tae bi MyKet WW, be the mas Flow vale enlering low = Stge campressar Wy + Shane yee Ta ily =H ig in His _ 07.244 /ig Wi 0.166 kale we Let We be the mass plaw rate. entering high ~ stage cempresser (eaiing —lakercasler ond Flach tank Hest balance thragh inkercusler and lash bowl Wa (hy = hg) * We Cha hy) Was MiCra= ba) bao he wy, + ote Neo bl /kg ~ took Meg) 7p kl ag ~ 366.0 fg Wy + Gabebals) tesla Ias.6is bilby Ma + 0-420 gle Lek Ws be the mae Ply fake etlermediate temperature exaperater Wy + —Baeuae By he : Io bw Wye HG OE hg 34H leg ‘or Wy> ole kgs For the total reprigerant —conpresse A by high = presswe- compessar Total refrigerant = We t Ws + o.40t kgs + Ontet yl Total veprgerint = 0.346 bale 2) A liquid —sobenoler receives liquid armenia at 36h and Subcadls 0.7/5 to $C. Saturated vapor leaves the sibeooler far the high ~stage amprescor at “U°C. Caleulake the Flow of — ammunig tut © evegorated & cool the ligt SOLUTION + Liguid ammonia + hor hp oF BC = Bama bsgSubcooled —ammeni 4 + fue hp at SC + aa3.tte kJ/kg Sabvated vapor anmunia t hs at ttc * Me kd /ky let we be the plow ate ammunta evaporated to coal the liqud. Weat balance * Wa Chy-bid = Mi Ch by) Why: (O-7egls)(34t 796 be hag ~ 233. 195 kIfeg ) te Ki Ag = 34. 704 /lg vw, = tla /s Cu cu sh) We andpteg [Wiz o.074 kak | he 0014 igh 3) Goncider 9 two stage caccade reprigeration system operating —ketween the, pressure limis oF 0.8 md 6 MPa, Eqch stage operates on an ideal vacer compression trrigeration Cycle with repigerank - BH 45 a Working piid. Heat rejecton peim the lower cycle fo the ypper cycle, fakes place in an adiahatic caunterplow heat exchanger where bath shreang enters at about 0-32 MPa. Ip the mass Flow abe of the refrigerant Hough the upper ace, is 0.07 kyle, calcula. the mass Plow rate the repnigerant — through the, lower cyck. SOLUTION: bes 285.43 KS Mg bye S516 Kg hat 65.6 Ki/ky hee a8 ki/ky her tye. blk bys hig 2 a6. 47 kU /ty bes 254.16 K/hFor the mass Flow rate of the reprigerant — threugh te lover yc, Fat * Ein Tighe High = maghy + myhs Pia Che = hed * te Chaba) ng > Lostrta /e) (251.45 bg ~ 9647 kd 256.43 L/ky = sec bby (0.07 by |<) IS641 Kg 290.7 HAG o = 0.056 byls 4) Determine the rate of heal removal trom the Fepeigerated Space ard the power input +> the = camprecsor in Problem 3. SOLUTIONS Fer the rate op heat remeval , 7 iy Ch, = he) By + 0.085 by 1s C234 te KU Mog ~ 656 Ky ty ) ae case yg ls (108 kl) = jon ki/s Fer the power input, Win * Mean sin + Wag tain My Chere) t thy Chy=h) Win 7 Go. 07 gle) (areas kg - 461.88 LS/ky) + (0.055 Kg /5) Case.43 KSI ~24, Wkly) Win = (oven sgl )(19.0F tI Ih) © (o0ss bls Cie. 77b§ lig) Wig" 1 33ae kis + 0. 42235 KI /s & i & Wy = 2.06 kS/s 5) A wo stage cascade ceprigeration ay cle with @ flash chamber with Cepvigerant - BHA 0s the Working plurd is Gansidered. The macs How rae of the reprigerant — theaugh the. igh - Pressure camp ssr ig to be de herminey given He values inthe, TH diagearm. Te macs plow rake op the: repr igeant at stale 78 IS elsSOLUTION: From the tprigerank = 44 For the, pressure fables CTablee All thragh #8) by ehy @ “Be © HST blk SiS mBe o. a3m bi [lg ek bg h © es frobta = aei.o7 Ki /bg Sa $= 0.0317 by ily EB be tac. bd My hy = hy B 460 bth vas. Wg he + by @ leo ka = osm Niky bee he = 5.938 Ihg hy = be @ Mo te mea.tl Kl lky hye hy 7 OPH Edy bes Beas Willy Xe 0.257 Per feo bry ass Fly fake ofthe RE Higtiont —thrugh the compressor , high ~ & os Toke y+ tall e356 Ts 0. 239 bylTOPIC : Absorption Cycle Refrigeration Cystem 1) The operating temperatures of 4 single vapor absorption repigeration system are: generaber + 46°C; candenser and absorber = 4s°C ; evaporator > 5°C. The system has 4 regrigeration capacity of Inn kW ond the heat tngut tre system is IOEW, The solubon pomp work 6 neglegible . Find the CoP og the System ond the tal heal rejection cate. SOLUTION: For the = CoP = cop = Se a oP = Ta Cop = 6.667 For the total heat rejection cate? Total heat rejection rate * Oe + @ = Bo kW + 190 kW Total heat rejection Pate = sookW 2) What is the COP of an ideal heat— operated rerrigeration cyde that teeives the energiaing heat From solar collector at a temperature. of 10°C, perporms eefrgeration at WC, md rejects te heat > atimcphere at a temperature oe wr? SOLUTION: Te + 90% 4 273.15 + sea. kK Te tate + 8. IS = aa. k Ta # SoC + 3,15 = aaa. k Tor the CoP: oor E- (EB) Ta-Tr cop = SBM / 363.15 J 309.15 36.66 ( Satish an.) OP = 1.08 2.) A new absorption reprigerahien qystem with @ generator tempercture ot Vo"s and on evaporator temperature of ISG ig being designed 4 opera. an environment at a temperature, of 25°C. To provide an upper (imit pot “he operating epaency , determine the —carnot_ —absorphen refrigeration coerpicient oF perpormance — of © the sytemSOLUTION Condenser at ambient Gas generator at | Hore astc earnot carnot Engine Reprig erator Ambient a} evaporates ok sre. see Tes Wore + 273,68 + 383.15 K Tes isto +2736 + 2ag.isk Tas 25% 4273.8 = 299. ick foe the cor: cops Te (la=ta 3 Ta ~Te + 2K (Btaaske = 208 6H cote Seach Gaus meee) cep» 6-34 4) Suppose the absorption refrigeration cystem design in Problem 3 into- cryogenic. unit with evaporate temperature oF the coeppicient of —perpormance of his: emai unchanged? SOLUTION: is cenverted Tot. what would be gystem assuming all other vavables Tg > WoPC © 273.18 + as3.15 k Te + be tI s 203.6Kk Ta + ast + 3.1 = 298.6 K For the COP: or GEE) cop = 282K (383.16 k —e9e. 1) 391K Va93. 15k — 283.6 cor? G285.) The operating — cat of an absorption system is th be compared with on electric - aver vapor compression unit. The cost f 4 natal gas on a hating Value bacis is f 4.20 per gigajoule , when used ac fuel in 4 boiler it hac a combusten eFficiency of 7S perceit , An absorption unt using steam Fram this baler hac a CHP, ef 0.738. IF a vaper cempressien onit is selected , the Cr wild be 84, and the electric: mater effidency ic 8S percent, AE What oct of electricity are the eperating cost equal 7 SOLUTION & Let Qe be the vrepsigerathng capacity in kWh Operating act of ratvral gas = f 4-20 /6J $420 16d. ae . cobd, Oe 1 G We ya * “Thwh on OF Operating east op naval gas >(# 0-02762/uWh ) Oe Lek x bette operating ast ty # / kWh Operating ast @ eectic mbr = () (ee) Then, equating the sale oF oPermhng ast ar gated gas ond Operating — acto electric moter. [(CSY@) = (4 swsaree /iwh) (ae) | ae e+ foomer /kwh i + $2702 [kwhSystem operating tn a dosed cycle. ic required to produce 60 FW of regngeration with a cooler Pressure of ISS® kPa and 4 ceprigerator pressure of 44¢ Kha. Leaving de femperatires ore 25°C por cooler and Sto por reprigeraty’ Assuming the theoretical cycle with isentropic compression and expansion , no clearance and ny sses_, determine rate , (b) compressor displacements , ad (¢) the expander TOPIC: hie Cycle Reprigeration 1) An air refrigeration ayctem @ te mass flew displacement, SOLUTION: Pls iso kta 2 Pie ate KPO pee Wo Ha Wrst aris = 78k sagt tres fangs k v eh [RYE eos ae] + ot6.3 Js wa ok heh rye » 2981s FLY @) Mass Flow Rate (m) (ep) CTi- T4) = Gokw Cp yh co kw CieoeaXaie ie = 209) me 0.8et tg/s Displacement (b) Compressor we eh x Loutes taleo- net (ste : Ht is Ce) Expander —Diplacement Vg = meta Pe vg » Lotea bale) (0206 )(uat) 44 Ky Yar Ouch aP/ea) A tor bW reprigeratin load ic fo be carried by am ar eprigerating system with a dischage precswe of 1370 Ha anda efrigerator pressure of 345 Ha. Compression ond expansion processes ae polytropic. with n> 1-37, The pressure and the Start of sapensin is D4 HP and the emporatuee is sete and entering the Gampressor le 2G. Betermne (a) the net work ond ©) the CoP When the temperature leaving the the repngeratr ig O°, SOLUTION « pe 34s Pa he 7 ba Pye BM a Wr tomes 276k Pos. isk Tye oe te Tee 0 te. IS > 273. ee WERE coc [BRT 40 ck Te LEY = sosas GBF ean ak - For the mass Flew rate, () Ce) (Tp - TH) = 40 bw ew CePOe-W ne ew Tice) (ora pK-UIY) m= 0.643 kgle (@) Nek werk We, sna tt_[ (Ry 7 santestielneamadin ed [ca 8 ] We * ae We* 74, 68 KW we pee [ (By -1] 5 39 (0.143 tale )o.0e 7 Mee (e137 Wet Go.12 kW Neb Wak = Wo - We #7969 kW ~ co. kW Wet Werk + 9. co kw | Ce) cor to aw OPS Ta gouRT op = 2.05a) A eld storage ic to be maintained at to" while the surroundings are, at G0°C, The heat (takage From the sitroundings ints te cold storage is estimated to be 4a kW. The chal cop op the _reprigeration plant ic we tied an ideal plant. working — between the same temyerstures . Find the power eequired to drive the plant: SSOLUTION Tho* Gotc + 273.18 = 333.16 K or WC + mae > aR. K For the ideal cops cP ited = — 283s K S33:15K- 403.16 K MPided = 5.663 For the actual CoP: CoPachal > 5 Pied +4 (ec6s) COP actual ~ 1: 986 The power required to drive the plant * o We Soh cteal ws ele 86 We 2).14 kW © pas capacity working on Bell Coleman 4) A reprigeration machine oF Sc bar, The pressore and temperature, cycke «fas upper Limit pressure oF Stort of =the, | Ompre scion = are 2 bar = end 0°Grecpechvely . The cosled compressed dr enters te expander at 40°C. Aceuming both expansion ond. amprescion tbe adiabahe wih on index oF 1.4 , calculate the coegptctent oF perFarmance,, SOLUTION = T+ m2 + a7.I6 = aoa.is kK Ty te 4 79 = aiaIck Ae 5.6 bar Ps 2 ber‘a nen{t = es, sv [sete] aa ‘ ah Ths ni was kee] 238.94 k for the Werk Inpuk t & [Cat - (15 - ted] * Cao ea kd Mg (400. t5K ~ 308.1565 (st3.15 Ko 233.34)6)] Werk Input = 29.02 kilky Wack In pet, Yor the stprigeration eppect = Reevigerahin Eppeck = Cp (Ti -Ts) + 1 Boga kIT kgX( 303.15 - 233.34 K) Repeigeration tepect 7 70-43 ki /ky Foc the cocppicient of perpormance + Cops Twerk tape S.) An ate reprigerater system operating on Bell Coleman Cycle , takes mm air prom cold rem at 290K on compresses it From 2 bar to Gil bor, the index tp Comprescion being 1.3, The compressed ir is cooled te alskK, The ambient tenperature 25°. hr expands in expander Where fhe index oF expancim is 1.4, Calodate te ned work and teri gerabion eppect «tthe sy sem SOLUTION: Te 290k Tr 23Isk P22 be feetct ies Tas aste indec gq cmprecsions 1.3 inden op eapernion = 14 we nf BYP cateeCeed sek > 224,05kwes (2) (A+)@) (nn) © (ER) (SB) (seen Hig Gree’ 240.) W, £196.08 kd/kg We EAH) -4) > VOD (cosa bi gd (2184 ~ 204. 06) We = 8648 keg For the Neb Werks + Wet Werk * We ~ We T1008 kg ~ 86-48 KI hy Net Work = 14,6 ki/bg For the Regngerahon Eppect + reprigerahon erect = Cp Cri ~ Te) = lovee bi figs pCar0 p~ 209.054) reprgerahon erreck = 61.93 kS/kgTOPIC: Steam Jet Reprigerahon — Cycle. 1D A scteam —jet pump —maintaing a temperature of S°C in the evaporartor The costed water leaves at the seme temperature, and warms to tC oe it does ike teprigeration, Make =¥p water ig available at 21%, There are regiced 1.3 ky of merle eben Per kgf vapor femoved Trim the evaperater . Ter a 1g ~ KW plant , compote the volume of Vapor handled , the quentity of steam needed , and the quantity of chilled water, SOLUTION: hs apr 5 we aed Kl /ig a oS) at Ste = aslo.e Ki sky ye Mg at Se + MT mF lg ge hp at BMF ABH hy a Let x = vape removed them the evaporator , carried by novale eam moe mass Flow rate oF chilled water Energy valance about the whole xhy x@oub/akisokW =(260.¢ bi/kg)x x = 0.07420 kg vagerd Volume of vapor removed = Vp Cororts0 tgfe writ nt hy) volome op vapor removed + 10.43 w/eaventity op recle. steam > (1-3 4SSER- ) (o.074a0 Aeceate ) quanhty of noorle Stean = 0.04 654 kg /e Energy balance about the cooled reg , mh, + 180 kw mhy mm (a0.9e hU/kg )+190K™ m (42. 01 ki/tg) ms tse Wyle 2.) A vacuum —reprigerahon — system consists of @ large insulated Flach chamber kept at low pressure ty steam cjechr which pumps vapor to 4 condenser, Condensate ic removed by a condensate pump and an air ejector digchargee ar From the cendensafe to an air vent . Warm refven water enters the Flach chamber at 13°C | chilled water Cames. out Flach chanber at °C, Vapor Neaving the Flach chamber has 9 quality op 045: ond the temperature “In He candencer ig a", For $20 KW of reprigeration, find (a) how swch chiled water at GS does this gystem provide? (6) how much make ~wp water ie needed” (Ce) how much vapor mst the clean ejector remae trom “he Flach chenber?, SOLUTION + The diagrammatic layoot of frablem Lis wsed in hic problem From the steam table, by Fhe at Ste = 20,98 Ki] kg hy + hp at BC te KN ky het hp of atc = BH. KI thy bat bey + AyMge 7 to-t0 Nilkg + (0.95) (ateg. chi /ig)= 2,320.1 bi/ky Mut MaMgy torts Curd wHkg) * 39,75 nly Ca) Energy balance about the covled area = mh, 3%EW = mh rt0.9e kif ky Jt rekW =m (st.cols /hy) ms 4.52 kgle Ch) Rrergy balance about the Whsle” sycten | neglecting pomp work ° xhy t stokw = XCHIS KU/kg) #320 KA GO) Vapor removed From the Flach chamber vaper removed = Vy > Coma byl) (09.76 (6) vapor Memoved = 19.86 m'/:a) na steam jet reprigeratien system , the cxaporater ic naitalsea at etc, Te chilled water leaves at the same temperature and worms fp WC as i absorbs the load . Make - up water in available at 28°C, Tor a fo hos , determine (a) the quanhty @ chilled water required op vopor removed, SOLUTION capacity oF and Cl) the volome bt hg at 68°C tac. KS kg bet by a Me + 40.2 bi tg Ph ast 2.4 kb /kg Wye ST a why hes hp at ast = 04.9 ely 4. For the Quantity op chilled water requitd + Bae mCm~ bd ws & Mn hy mm. —40(3-5¢) wa - eH he 669 Ge b. For the volume of Vapor temaved (hy -ba) > % 22 wy hg a: 420.516) B54 = 106g 2+ 0.058 kg ie Vs = 2%, Va =(0-058 Jgls) C34 m MMe) y= tte w/e 4) There are removed 3.02 m/s of vapor Frm 4 ater eyaperabr of vacuum reprigerahoo 105-29 bly Throttling process —* he = hs > Yes 24 KS iy Thottling process > he > he * OF 27 KS Thy G: Te = lee | sat. vapor Phe = 230. 5a KN kg Tr OP = a2 bar, sat vapor —P hy = 242.66 kA Iby + Throttling preess — hy > by 7 240.4 Ky Ig the moss Flew tale of ep gepont through each evaporating /min Ging > me Che - he) het 688 by [nln Bina = my (hy ~ be) Sine by = hy Gramm (HM) = AM by [nin