Project Work

Number System

Submitted by:
Priya Yadav
Grade: XI
Faculty: Science 'B1'
Roll: 23

Submitted to:
Department of Mathematics

Triton International SS/College

Subidhanagar, Tinkune, Kathmandu
 CONTENTS
• Abstract
• Introduction to Number System
• Method of Study
➢ Real Number System
➢ Field Axioms
➢ Order Axioms
➢ Representation of a number in
a real line
➢ Absolute Value
• Application
• Conclusions
• Acknowledgement
• References
 ABSTRACT

Number is fundamental basis of the mathematics. Number

and symbols are the preliminary study of mathematics
learning. This study focuses to investigate the good
information about number system. Thus, the main
objective of the study is to explore the number perception
on human mind and analysis the historical development of
Hind-Arabic and Devanagari number system What is the
origin of number? How to perceive the number in primitive
people? And how was the developing phase of the Hindu-
Arabic, and Devanagari number system? Be the main
problem of this study. The data analysis and interpretation
procedure was guided from triangulation process. For this,
data from different sources explain analytically, logically,
and cross matching comparatively. At last study
concluded, the numbers are the result of social
phenomena. The concept of number and symbols are
comes from ancient human culture and human civilization.
So, the numbers are invention from different human
civilization but are not from mathematicians. It comes from
logical thought on the objects.
 INTRODUCTION TO NUMBER
SYSTEM

A number is a mathematical value used for counting and

measuring objects, and for performing arithmetic
calculations. Numbers have various categories like natural
numbers, whole numbers, rational and irrational numbers,
and so on. Number System is a method of representing
Numbers on the Number Line with the help of a set of
Symbols and rules. These symbols range from 0-9 and
are termed as digits. Number System is used to perform
mathematical computations ranging from great scientific
calculations to calculations like counting the number of
Toys for a Kid or Number chocolates remaining in the box.
Number Systems comprise of multiple types based on the
base value for its digits.
 REAL NUMBER SYSTEM

Real numbers are simply the combination of rational and

irrational numbers, in the number system. In general, all
the arithmetic operations can be performed on these
numbers and they can be represented in the number line,
also.

At the same time, the imaginary numbers are the un-real

numbers, which cannot be expressed in the number line
and is commonly used to represent a complex number.

Some of the examples of real numbers are 23, -12, 6.99,

5/2, π, and so on. In this article, we are going to discuss
the definition of real numbers, properties of real numbers
and the examples of the real number with complete
explanations.
 FIELD AXIOMS
Definition. A field is a set F together with two operations (functions)
f : F × F → F, f(x, y) = x + y
and
g : F × F → F, g(x, y) = xy,
called addition and multiplication, respectively, which satisfy the following
axioms:
• F1. addition is commutative: x + y = y + x, for all x, y ∈ F.
• F2. addition is associative: (x + y) + z = x + (y + z), for all x, y, z ∈ F.
• F3. existence of additive identity: there is a unique element 0 ∈ F such that x + 0
= x, for all x ∈ F.
• F4. existence of additive inverses: if x ∈ F, there is a unique element −x ∈ F such
that x + (−x) = 0.
• F5. multiplication is commutative: xy = yx, for all x, y ∈ F.
• F6. multiplication is associative: (xy)z = x(yz), for all x, y, z ∈ F.
• F7. existence of multliplicative identity: there is a unique element 1 ∈ F such
that 1 6= 0 and x1 = x, for all x ∈ F.
• F8. existence of multliplicative inverses: if x ∈ F and x 6= 0, there is a unique
element (1/x) ∈ F such that x · (1/x) = 1.
• F9. distributivity: x(y + z) = xy + xz, for all x, y, z ∈ F. 2

Note the similarity between axioms F1-F4 and axioms F5-F8. In the language of
algebra, axioms F1-F4 state that F with the addition operation f is an abelian
group. (The group axioms are studied further in the first part of abstract algebra,
which is devoted to group theory.) Axioms F5-F8 state that F − {0} with the
multiplication operation g is also an abelian group. Axiom F9 ties the two field
operations together.
 ORDERED AXIOMS

Definition. An ordered field is a field F together with a relation

< which satisfies the axioms

• O1. trichotomy: if x, y ∈ F, then exactly one of the following is

true:

x < y, x = y, y < x.

• O2. transitivity: if x, y, z ∈ F, then x < y and y < z implies x < z.

• O3. if x, y, z ∈ F, then x < y implies x + z < y + z.
• O4. if x, y, z ∈ F and 0 < z, then x < y implies x · z < y · z

We agree that x > y means y < x, x ≤ y means if x < y or x = y and

x ≥ y means if x > y or x = y
Representation of a number in a
real line

Since the number line represents all real numbers and

since zero is a real number, there is a point on the line that
represents zero (called the origin). Then the points on the
line to the right of the origin represent positive numbers
while the points on the line to the left of the origin
represent negative numbers.
In the following visualization of the real number line, the
integers are marked as evenly spaced points on the line,
but the real number line also represents all real numbers
in between the integers and extending to infinity in both
directions.
 ABSOLUTE VALUE

The absolute value (or modulus) | x | of a real number x is the

non-negative value of x without regard to its sign.
For example, the absolute value of 5 is 5, and the absolute
value of −5 is also 5. The absolute value of a number may be
thought of as its distance from zero along real number line.
Furthermore, the absolute value of the difference of two real
numbers is the distance between them.
The absolute value has the following four fundamental
properties:
Non-negativity
|a|≥0|a|≥0
Positive-definiteness
|a|=0⇔a=0|a|=0⇔a=0
Multiplicativeness
|ab|=|a||b||ab|=|a||b|
Subadditivity
|a+b|≤|a|+|b||a+b|≤|a|+|b|
Other important properties of the absolute value include:
Idempotence (the absolute value of the absolute value is the
absolute value)
||a||=|a|||a||=|a|
Symmetry
|−a|=|a||−a|=|a|
Identity of indiscernibles (equivalent to positive-definiteness)
|a−b|=0⇔a=b|a−b|=0⇔a=b
Triangle inequality (equivalent to subadditivity)
|a−b|≤|a−c|+|c−b||a−b|≤|a−c|+|c−b|
Preservation of division (equivalent to multiplicativeness)
|a/b|=|a|/|b| if b≠0|a/b|=|a|/|b| if b≠0
(equivalent to subadditivity)
|a−b|≥||a|−|b|||a−b|≥||a|−|b||
Two other useful properties concerning inequalities are:
|a|≤b⇔−b≤a≤b|a|≤b⇔−b≤a≤b
|a|≥b⇔a≤−b or b≤a|a|≥b⇔a≤−b or b≤a
These relations may be used to solve inequalities involving
absolute values. For example:
|x−3|≤9⇔−9<x−3<9|x−3|≤9⇔−9<x−3<9
⇔−6<x<12
 APPLICATIONS

Real numbers are extremely useful in everyday life. That is

probably one of the main reasons we all learn how to count and
add and subtract from a very young age.
So what are typical examples of using real numbers in a normal
day?
• Real numbers help us to count and to measure out quantities
of different items.
• In your working life, regardless of what you do for a living,
you will still have to use numbers to a degree. Certainly those
working in accounts and other financial related jobs may use
real numbers more often but those working in retail, buying,
catering and even publishing will have to use real numbers too.
• Even in front of the television flicking from one channel to the
next you are using real numbers.
 CONCLUSIONS

At the end we can conclude that real number is basically

every number that are not complex and can be visualized in
real number line which we actually use in our daily lives.
From all the above topics we can know various ways in
which such numbers can be represented. Every other
mathematical operations are mostly carried out on the
basis of real number. And we can even convert one form of
it into other, for example getting the absolute value of a
negative number. And at the end it has also get many
applications as we have discussed above.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude

to my mathematics faculty as well as our principal
who gave me the golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project on the topic Number System, which
also helped me in doing a lot of Research and i came
to know about so many new things I am really
thankful to them.
Secondly i would also like to thank my parents and
friends who helped me a lot in finalizing this project
within the limited time frame.
 REFERENCES:

https://www.britannica.com/science/real-number
https://davenport.libguides.com/
https://brilliant.org/wiki/representation-on-the-real-line/
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_value