V. I.

L E N I N
cOLLEcTED WORKS

VOLUME

0
December 1(1/ – A uG ust 1(14

From Marx to Mao

M
L
© Digital Reprints
2011
www.marx 2 mao.com

PROGRESS PUBLISHERS
MOSCOW
 CONTENTS

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

1913
CRITICAL REMARKS ON THE NATIONAL QUESTION . . . . . . 17
1. Liberals and Democrats on the Language Question . . . 20
2. “National Culture” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3. The Nationalist Bogey of “Assimilation” . . . . . . . 27
4. “Cultural-National Autonomy” . . . . . . . . . . . 33
5. The Equality of Nations and the Rights of National
Minorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
6. Centralisation and Autonomy . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
ONCE MORE ABOUT THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST BUREAU
AND THE LIQUIDATOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
NATIONAL LIBERALISM AND THE RIGHT OF NATIONS TO SELF-
DETERMINATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
NARODISM AND LIQUIDATIONISM AS DISINTEGRATING ELEMENTS
IN THE WORKING-CLASS MOVEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
COMMENT ON KAUTSKY’S LETTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
NOVOYE VREMYA AND RECH ON THE RIGHT OF NATIONS TO
SELF- DETERMINATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
A LETTER TO THE EDITOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

1914
FOUR THOUSAND RUBLES A YEAR AND A SIX-HOUR DAY . . . . 68
IS A COMPULSORY OFFICIAL LANGUAGE NEEDED? . . . . . . 71
TO CAMILLE HUYSMANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
iv CONTENTS

I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
IV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
VI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
THE PURPOSE OF ZEMSTVO STATISTICS . . . . . . . . . . 82
BOOK REVIEW. Labour Protection Exhibits at the All-Russia
Hygiene Exhibition in St. Petersburg in 1913. St. Petersburg
1913. Pp. 78. Price not indicated . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
THE LIBERALS’ CORRUPTION OF THE WORKERS . . . . . . . 90
LETTER TO THE EDITOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
THE LIQUIDATORS’ LEADER ON THE LIQUIDATORS’ TERMS OF
“UNITY” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
A CONTRIBUTION TO THE HISTORY OF THE NATIONAL PRO -
GRAMME IN AUSTRIA AND IN RUSSIA . . . . . . . . . . . 99
A HIGHBORN LIBERAL LANDLORD ON THE “NEW ZEMSTVO RUS -
SIA” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
NARODISM AND THE CLASS OF WAGE-WORKERS . . . . . . . 105
MORE ABOUT “NATIONALISM” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
THE PEASANTRY AND HIRED LABOUR . . . . . . . . . . . 111
MR. STRUVE ON THE NEED TO “REFORM THE GOVERNMENT” 114
THE NARODNIKS ON N. K. MIKHAILOVSKY . . . . . . . . . . 117
CONCERNING A. BOGDANOV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
EDITORIAL COMMENT ON VETERAN’S ARTICLE “THE NATIONAL
QUESTION AND THE LETTISH PROLETARIAT” . . . . . . . . 125
PREFACE TO THE SYMPOSIUM: MARXISM AND LIQUIDATIONISM 126
POLITICAL DISPUTES AMONG THE LIBERALS . . . . . . . . . 129
THE “LABOURING” PEASANTRY AND THE TRADE IN LAND . . . 132
WHAT IS WORRYING THE LIBERALS . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
NARODNIKS AND LIQUIDATORS IN THE TRADE UNION MOVE -
MENT. ( A Valuable Admission ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
 CONTENTS v

PIOUS WISHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

A LIBERAL PROFESSOR ON EQUALITY . . . . . . . . . . . 144
THE BRITISH LIBERALS AND IRELAND . . . . . . . . . . . 148
THE TAYLOR SYSTEM—MAN’S ENSLAVEMENT BY THE MACHINE 152
A “RESPONSIBLE OPPOSITION” AND THE PARTICIPATION OF THE
CONSTITUTIONAL-DEMOCRATS IN THE MARCH 1 CONFERENCE 155
THE BREAK-UP OF THE “AUGUST” BLOC . . . . . . . . . . . 158
CAPITALISM AND THE PRESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
A RADICAL BOURGEOIS ON THE RUSSIAN WORKERS . . . . . 166
POLITICAL LESSONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
THE NATIONAL EQUALITY BILL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
A Bill for the Abolition of All Disabilities of the Jews
and of All Restrictions on the Grounds of Origin or Na-
tionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
FARM LABOURERS’ WAGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
THE LETTISH WORKERS AND THE SPLIT IN THE SOCIAL-
DEMOCRATIC GROUP IN THE DUMA . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
HE “AUGUST” FICTION EXPOSED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
SOCIALISM DEMOLISHED AGAIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
IV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
VI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
VII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
VIII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
IX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

FORMS OF THE WORKING CLASS MOVEMENT (The Lockout and

Marxist Tactics) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
THE LEFT NARODNIKS WHITEWASH THE BOURGEOISIE . . . . 213
ON THE QUESTION OF NATIONAL POLICY . . . . . . . . . . 217
vi CONTENTS

CONSTITUTIONAL CRISIS IN BRITAIN . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

UNITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
ORGANISED MARXISTS ON INTERVENTION BY THE INTERNA -
TIONAL BUREAU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
NATIONAL EQUALITY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
THE LIQUIDATORS AND THE LETTISH WORKING-CLASS MOVE -
MENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
SERF ECONOMY IN THE RURAL AREAS . . . . . . . . . . . 242

FROM MARX
FROM THE HISTORY OF THE WORKERS’ PRESS IN RUSSIA

WHAT SHOULD NOT BE COPIED FROM THE GERMAN LABOUR

. . . 245

MOVEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 254
TO MAO


BOOK REVIEW, N. A. Rubakin, Among Books, Vol. II. Nauka
Publishers, Moscow, 1913. Price 4 rubles. Second Edition . . . 259
LIQUIDATIONISM DEFINED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
CONCLUDING REMARKS TO THE SYMPOSIUM MARXISM AND
LIQUIDATIONISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
MORE ABOUT THE POLITICAL CRISIS . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

MENT
NOT FOR
THE IDEOLOGICAL STRUGGLE IN THE WORKING-CLASS MOVE-
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

COMMERCIAL
BILL ON THE EQUALITY OF NATlONS AND THE SAFEGUARDING
. . . . . .
OF THE RIGHTS OF NATIONAL MINORITIES . . . . 281
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DISTRIBUTION
“NEIGHBOURING SQUIRES”

. . . .
THE NARODNIKS AND “FACTIONAL COERCION” . . . .
284
286
CORRUPTING THE WORKERS WITH REFINED NATIONALISM . . . 289
THE POLITICAL SITUATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
WORKERS’ UNITY AND INTELLECTUALIST “TRENDS” . . . . . . 294
THE LEFT NARODNIKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
THE LIQUIDATORS AND MALINOVSKY’S BIOGRAPHY . . . . . . 302
TWO PATHS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
PLEKHANOV, WHO KNOWS NOT WHAT HE WANTS . . . . . . . 309
 CONTENTS vii

THE ESTIMATES OF THE MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE . . . . . 313

UNITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
A FOOL’S HASTE IS NO SPEED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
DISRUPTION OF UNITY UNDER COVER OF OUTCRIES FOR UNITY 325
I. “Factionalism” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
II . The Split . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
III . The Break-up of the August Bloc . . . . . . . . . 336
IV . A Conciliator’s Advice to the “Seven” . . . . . . . 339
V. Trotsky’s Liquidationist Views. . . . . . . . . . . 342
BOOK REVIEW. I. Drozdov, The Wages of Farm Labourers in
Russia in Connection With the Agrarian Movement in 1905-06.
St. Petersburg (published by M. I. Semyonov), 1914. Pp. 68.
Price 50 kopeks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348

CLARITY HAS BEEN ACHIEVED. Class-Conscious Workers, Please

Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
1. The Programme and the National Question . . . . . 351
2. The Decision of 1908 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
3. The 1910 Decision. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354
4. “Trends” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
ADVENTURISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
THE LIQUIDATORS AND THE DECISIONS OF THE LETTISH
MARXISTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
THE WORKING CLASS AND ITS PRESS . . . . . . . . . . . 363
LEFT-WING NARODISM AND MARXISM . . . . . . . . . . . . 372
THE AGRARIAN QUESTION IN RUSSIA . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
THE POLITICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF VITUPERATION. (On the
Question of Unity) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
OBJECTIVE DATA ON THE STRENGTH OF THE VARIOUS TRENDS
IN THE WORKING-CLASS MOVEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
HOW STRONG IS THE LEFT-NARODNIK TREND AMONG THE
WORKERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
THE RIGHT OF NATIONS TO SELF-DETERMINATION . . . . . . 393
1 . What Is Meant by the Self-Determination of Nations? 395
2 . The Historically Concrete Presentation of the Question 400
viii CONTENTS

3 . The Concrete Features of the National Question in

Russia, and Russia’s Bourgeois-Democratic Refor-
mation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404
4 . “Practicality” in the National Question . . . . . . 409
5 . The Liberal Bourgeoisie and the Socialist Opportunists
in the National Question . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
6 . Norway’s Secession from Sweden . . . . . . . . . 425
7 . The Resolution of the London International Congress,
1896 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
8 . The Utopian Karl Marx and the Practical Rosa Luxem-
burg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
9 . The 1903 Programme and Its Liquidators . . . . . . 442
10 . Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
THE BOURGEOIS INTELLIGENTSIA’S METHODS OF STRUGGLE
AGAINST THE WORKERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455
1 . The Liquidators’ and the Narodniks’ Alliance Against
the Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456
2 . How the Liberals Defend “Unity” Between the Workers
and the Liquidators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
3 . Why the Workers’ Organisations Publicly Denounced
the Liquidators as Slanderers? . . . . . . . . . . 474
THE VPERYODISTS AND THE VPERYOD GROUP . . . . . . . . 487
EDITORIAL COMMENT ON OCKSEN LOLA’S “APPEAL TO THE
UKRAINIAN WORKERS” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494
REPORT OF THE C.C. OF THE R.S.D.L.P. TO THE BRUSSELS CON -
FERENCE AND INSTRUCTIONS TO THE C.C. DELEGATION . . . . 495
I. . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497
II . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502
III . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513
IV . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515
Appendix. Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528
I . Notes privées . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528
II . Notes privées . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529
III . Not for the Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
IV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532
HOW THE WORKERS RESPONDED TO THE FORMATION OF THE
RUSSIAN SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC LABOUR GROUP IN THE DUMA 536
What Is Shown by the Activities of the Two Groups
During the First Quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541
CLARITY FIRST AND FOREMOST! (On the Question of Unity) . . 544
1 . People Holding Two Opinions . . . . . . . . . . 544
 CONTENTS ix

THE RESULTS OF WORKERS’ PRESS DAY SUMMED UP. From the

Report Published in “Put Pravdy” . . . . . . . . . . . . 548
St. Petersburg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553
THE POLISH SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC OPPOSITION AT THE PARTING
OF THE WAYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556

REPLY TO THE ARTICLE IN LEIPZIGER VOLKSZEITUNG . . . . 558

Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561
The Life and Work of V. I. Lenin . Outstanding Dates . . . . 615

ILLUSTRATIONS

V. I. Lenin. 1914 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-17

Pages 29-30 of Lenin’s Letter to Camille Huysmans dated

January 31-February 1, 1914 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78-81
A page of Lenin’s manuscript with a rough draft of his table
to the article “Objective Data on the Strength of the Various
Trends in the Working-Class Movement”. June 1914 . . . . 384-85