a VI. Conclusion 5. To sum up: the Indian economy has entered a diffeult phase of development. Whether one considers the immediate problems of the next financial year or the problems relating to the rest of the Plan period, the crucial task is to raise more resources, both internally and externally. Over the last two years, economic policies have been oriented more and more to the furtherance of this end, and the need is for a steady strengthening of this orientation. A developing economy has to reckon with a continuance of stresses22 and strains, and while adjustments in the Plan have to be made in order to ensure stability and balance in the system, the essential objectives of the Plan have to be safeguarded and pursued with unremitting vigour.TABLE I Agricultural Production 1953-54 to 1956-57 (in million tons unless otherwise indicated) "Production 1953-54 1954-55 1955-56" 1956-57" A. Poodgrains 6872 65-60 65:29 68-69 (@) Gereats] oa shay 3073 5446 sas & Rice 27 24:53 26-85 28-14 i) Wheat re, 8-78 857 9-07 Other cercals 22-61 aavqz 10*04 20°03 © Paties 10-45 10:87 10°83 1-44 B._Non-Foodgrains— (@) Total Oitesds . 5-39 24 sm 6-03 @ Groundnuts - 3339 43 3°86 4°09 i) Castersecd ono oz one ons (8) Sugarcane (in terms of gut) ae 5-76 598 675 (© Cotton (million bales)tt - 394 423 4°00 on @ Jute (eillion balesittt 309 293 4:20 422 ‘ToTAL AGRICULTURAL. PRODUCTION (LNDEx)*** 43 164 ry 156 * Partially Revised Estimates. Final Estima *** Agriculturs ‘Year 1949-50 = 100. Targets of Production im Plan and Plan ore 0:5 SES ors ara 3I4 83 16 10 225 or 10 ss 6 st ony 63 78 42 6s 54 55 8‘Forse Dells Power Driven Pury Electric Mots Dry Bacery Storage Haery ‘Conduit Pipes Astomnabiles Elecaeity Copper. ‘Atuminiven Antimony. Coal Cement ig tron Pisished Ste! Sulphate ASA Soda Ash _ Ammoniam Sulphate Giusti Soa Bleacking Powder TABLE ILA Industrial Production 1956 1957 I Qn) and Qe ard Qe, 4th Qe Ie Qe] and Gr aed Qe gh Que 27 yo 33g go gs 353.7 SITS 795°8 865-5897 149-7 380 30g an 397 as "90a 183-6 mgs 2643 a7. 279 ga 108 mer 6 es ag9 asa is9 930 sie 104-3 10-9 126-9 367-8 Sho 6S GRE Job soe oo tet yo “82-3 hyd “hong 22.26 287334562999 2699 2052:9 15 By oe 73g Bg hea 2goo ask 2549 3728270255 re rg og fg 0 rs rg 2979 20 : Ses 16g ag 18 37 9 7 98 len 108 134 : yax6 tag m93, 38a 378 az07 aa 859 was ak hep 3a 30s 339,338 Say 8 Pr So a2 683g gen ae ag 283 996 161 95-7 gg BHT 98-8 9792 toe SND ea Bor “oy ie esc aera ial air) eae east tsa) %Liquid Chiorine Jats Textiles Gotion "Varn Paper Rayon Yarn Rubber Tyres and Tubes. G2, Amomotite (a) Bese fit) Tractor ‘Tea Gorton Clow Vanaspett ao 3 Sage a3 Footweae, ‘i Sewing’ Machine Eteatrc Lam Electte Kens Radio Receivers Bicycles Matches Lot House Service Meters = Not available, {90 tons 000 tons ‘eco sons oy 388 side is 167'5 1335 954 a 999 336 Bs BS ast 166-8 1y9-4 7 ‘Bstimated—November figures have been steuined for December 4 rs a 5 7 5 38 2673 850 as 357 4s a 1295 43 118-6 407 ad 138-0 464TABLE 1B Index of Industrial Production {1951 = 100) 1987 1954 19551956 Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May June uly Auge Sep, General Index 112-9 TBE 13301999 4T BBE 14] 15612 HBS 1623 MEG MHS GST BT Mining and Quar- 107-2 I-711S'0 1242 133-757 BT-9 GO“ BE BS ISH HBO Baad 138-8 ying ood Manusictusing® 101-7 1209 13402 153° A374" BBX 314-7 g7T-T BOB 232-2 196-0 1976 aNT-G Gotton Textile. 0-9 TEN-9 TIT-S Haag Ha87 NGO 122-2 IGG 1094 HGS 108-6 T18'S 1090 HI5-4 Jute Teste 073 9 327-3 aR PS ITD Bago TATA? BH TIT BEG 1138 129-0 Footwear (leather) 93°3. 97"1 43. T4S"3 1344 1304 N46 1022 125-3 150-6 T3021 Hoa 139°9 Plywood. roy-B 1s6-0 175-2 1834 205° 194-6 1999 189B 1796 1627 ISH2 IITA TTT TTS Paper and paper 507-7 os 1466 1560 177 S42 USSSA IST ISGa oT May 6a saa Tanned Hide. 78-9 89-5 93-9 110-4 112-6 113-0 HOB4 BBS SAT B44 BOF 19'S BSNS Rubber Products 127-7 140-2 1S1-6 179-0 172-7 156-3 HB"9 159-6 15644 1678 16E-7 18H DSB Chemicals and gtr 159-0 TET 17956 186-8 Bod BS*1 175-2 160-9 X76 174-7 175+S 174-7 188-8 ‘Chemical Products Glass & Glassware 107°4 127-8 148-7 160° 1770 164-0 1699 142-3 126-7 THO 163-4175 315-9 169-6 Cement 5.1376 140d 154°2 6950 1744 TBI 173-7 HES 1496 S65 165° 168-3 188-0 194 Ceramics. 5 TFG SaT-$ ESGH 163-6 1703 165-6 168-7 167-9 ETDS HOSE 17'S O46 S77 _185°4 9%Asbestos 97-2 W275 14GB 196K 1083 B76 83-6 72 HGS 183-3 1994 1939179 Tron and Steel 113-2 113-3 119-4 129-3 aR 2B RO? ISG 09-7 HBG GT ROG TSH Non-ferrous metal 126+ 123-7 124-7 129° 149-2 156-9 H6O"3 15S" 46-0460 149415321661 Metal Products. 172-4 202°4 223-3 254°9 248-4 2636 269-5 245° 204-7 212-108-3726 148-7 Machinery - HaV8 163-9 215-0 262-1 276-7 265-6 288-3 293-9 26512 BROT 297-2 ABT 259-9 Eigse machines, 28-2 1978 210'3 zat 2go-7 50:3 aha agg aay6 44 Hed 57-2 246 Hances and Sup- pies. Transport Equip- 85-8 129°3 87 196B 28-5 206-5 HHG9 16T-G L6G-B OER 66-7 191-9 aObs Hleowicty Genera 127-0 13H2 I64-T 174-1 Horo 175-3 867 HEB 186-0 TRO ISO OHS 1853 “Beept beverages, - — ~ oO {pBxcept electrical, {Except machinery and cranspott equipment, aes 25-5 146-9 154-4 3359 2638 188-9) 198428 TABLE UL Index Numbers of Wholesale Prices (Year ended March 1953=100) April May March Dec. May Aug. Dec. Jan, 19$4 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1957 1958 1, FOOD ARTICLES + for $2 93 105 107 12 10g 103 (Cereals ss By bBo 03 06g Ries + + $6 19892 tor Wheat LoL 1 fy 588s 94 90898686 Jowar ea 96 $2 103 127126 a2 109 104 Bae D906 100 133 137 87g @) Puls hg 8 BEB BBO Gram. - 5 HB 6% 7 mo 6s By Other puises 2 | 76 33 83 93 gx 96 BH BD (© Baile its mz 76 ms 133 apap Groundout Oi! —- 2026599. «105-109-107 ORB Mustard Of 1 137 9t 133198 168199183 1aS (@) Swear and Gur +p 2 gt ror 102 101090 (©) Others ss BS 562048232133 Tea +235 218 139 200 168174157162 {I LIQUOR AND TOBACCO. 99 8% 77 88 gt 92, 9896 MK, FUEL, POWER, LIGHT AND LUBRICANT 98 96 97 toposes 1V. INDUSTRIAL RAW MA- YYERIALS c 10S of rrp 2020s (a) Fibres + toy topper 2g az ts Raw Cotton 40792, 107 109,12, 105 104 Raw Joe 3o5 a7 ask ag 9 O () Oiteeds +s 109 72 108 ae as 26g Groundnuts yeh 67 102, 105.162 to2_ B02 © Minerals + 92 8396 104 108 110 108107 (@) Others B 106 1 0 110 1061081090 \V. MANUFACTURES 102 99.103, 109, 108 109108108 (INTERMEDIATE PRO. + roo 97 0p 214109 208106 107 @®) FINISHED PRODUCTS . 102 100 102, 108 07 109 208108 (@) Textiles + 195 103 “tog 110 108 108 108 108 Cotton Manuficcures Ur 105 T7716 Jute Manufactures”: 98 "999s 1049897 93_ 80 (® Metal Products yop 1013s age 136 ghee (©) Chemicals. WM 9 9 Ok oT BOD © Mackinay and Tranpot $7 96 $7 300 Yeo 03, 20208 co oer +968 96 = 97 103, 109 ea AM Commodiies = ss 0g 89g 08 10912 B07 108;29 TABLE IV Factors responsible for the increase in money supply* (1955-57) Rs. crore 1936 19s T—tgeregie +) in Government Indebtedness to Banke a8 b2yp2 tor 1, Increase (4) in indebtedness to the Rela aees sary $2610 p0srF (@) Decline (4) in Govt, Balance with RBI Gr) 2) G70) @ Igetease (4) in RBI holdings of Govt. Securities hie) G2s8-0) 96-1) 6) Increase (44) in Joans and advances granted to Gost, by the RBT Gears) 43-6) G20) 2 Inge (+) in Govt, Secures eld by ‘banks = $561 16-8 $4r-0 Th —Inerease (+) in Private Indebtedness to Banke 03 trap 4498 1 Tnerease (4+) in bank credit Hog 178-0 100-0 2. Decrease (++) in time tiabifities of ‘banks 2007 489 502 TL tneeae () én Foreign Exchange Act field by RET. srl i992 8 TW Ghonee iy eter anes and Liab of RBI and oer banks +6 aes tye tern ts 421s V—Reconded increase (++) in money supply ‘Provisional estimates, ‘Exclusive of dollar purchases (Rs. 95-2 crores) from the LM.F.TABLE V Money Supply with the Public and related monetary data* (Amount in crores of Rs.) Variations. during 13s 9s 1987 1936 1955, 1. MONEY SUPPLY 1 Currency with the Public 1526-79 85°34 18589 a24-6E tags $9948 360-28 3 Demand lisilies (net) of banks yaaqr68r-3s 650-14 $0720 hs-os —HaN-at 52°94 3 Other deposits with RBI West 96 tet Hass OBE toro 4 Money Supply with the public (T4243). 2a7s-7—ae7B-6s—aogr-t7 = B3RTS FOTOS HaMIN4® — h2ES-02 M1, ALLIED DATA AL Reserce Bank of India— 1 Deposits of Central Government. SOSh SRA Shor Sy8D 3704323 on 2 Deposits of State Governments 101 Sco roe 1657h tor a2 ha 3 Deposits of Banks 7069 $809 5787 B13 HB6O toes 11-26 4 Other Deposits m37o 33°87 SB 399983 8g a8 5 Other Liabilities 1597614659487 dR HTT eR g2 Haas 6 Foreign Assets 20765 S991 7351873079 23226 20527 +439 7 Rupee Securities : ra38—SaTa7 S891 oR] E3DS-2T FasT9S +9628 Loans and Advances to Governmenis 9 Other Loans and Advances 1 Bills purchased and Discounted 1B, Scheduled Bants— 4x Demand Liabilities (net) 12 Time Liabilities (ne) 13 Total Deposits Liabilities (net) 14 Borrowings from the RBI 45 Cash in India 16 Balances with the RBI 37 (15-416).as per cent of (13) 18 Investments in Government Securities 19 (18) as per cent of (3) 20 Scheduled Banks credit 2 (20) a8 per cent of (13) ‘Provisional figures. 35:03 60:04 270 co 106-04 330 643°57 457716 1100-73, 19°06 38s st98 8-22 364-48 Bem vata 097 3°66 4463 12-07 615-60 4162 roa8-22 3002 39°33 60°88 9-75 383-00 372s 627-83 6108 167 2129 or 566:84 365-28 oan 96s 35°95 or mg aarer arse 41-88 583 +2776 16-00 0-60) +5819 4210712 4268-31 35°43 rer +1585 038 +6899 eas +8040 —rts +¥60 +64 $77 sare7 hase trest 49-04 78 —8:90 mrss 18:56 44 +153°40 +991 +199 +2334 +806 +4876 Har34 +96-10 $2039 saa oor 138 4as13 7 +85-05 +298 18TABLE VI India's Balance of Payments 1956-57 and 1957-58 (April—September) me i Re Pe ee ee ee 4, Official donations (net) 96 83 r6 143 398 so 1s 6S 7 ct Op aa cos ty tc ope ae a ee oars eo of f= 2 "(Decrease +) ‘Excludes silver despatched to the USA valued at Re, 64°8 crores. is wy Rs 9:6. crores,TABLE VII CATEGORY-WISE BREAKDOWN OF PRIVATE IMPORTS 612 MofF—3TABLE VIL Category-wise Breakdown of Private Imports** 1955-56, 1956-57 and 1957-58 (Ist half) (Re, crores) Apri Joly Oct Jan= Total Aprile July Oats Jan Total Aprils July. Toul er Re a i a a 1 CONSUMERS GOODS . jo-54 28-64 go: gz92 ran-ay 3601 38-49 38-59 44H MTS) S709 802 65HE Beans re] 18 MC sa BC sao a st camioces laces teal af erse tt eo tata 3 Gime ad medicines . 2-79 3:04 3:50 grey wag S42 573 4h 38 gol 438 fe Bad 3 Gailey and hardware 5:61 5-84 340 572 sas? 7.7 Gets bay ch ee te ant fami foods as 483 es S24 85758 57g pat Ges a8 703 634 By 5 Others + 1 GNF Hoot sorsot 550% g4-31" rO-OHY Aad 1073 918 429 STL 780 Ipae RAW MATERIALS & — qi-37 44:64 59-84 46:67 2:52 460i 4o-73 46-1 en wo #6 PRODUCES © 4037 464 3984 46-67 asa 46-20% 40-73 46-13 5945 HS good 34H 74:67 Fr Mine lls og? ISTGH 15°36 40. 35-47 64:87 30:37 19:59 18-73 862 77-91 30-c0 1605 96-05 eo ee ned 1) as vol ci] stor sri eoeiiag) Cage ease] ee 3. Jute raw and waste. 3.85 4-48 40 5-68 Sgr 202 Tbe eye tg “nae nee 4 Onn + 64o 980 833 T5E arg 9-73 BIT TOYO IOI) 3943 Thae Son ML INTERMEDIATE ag-ay arse 68 193-73 5250 S581 sy'54 Sor14 21839 49: Bere S7 IS 336 42°68 IIT 52°90 5°81 Sors4 50-14 aI839 49°97 49°37 b Chemis 1 SM SIR) 482654 arty pat 7 790 664 38S 5569 68 ae Sarat ee Se) Sar ot as ma Gal tes toa Cotcod oul (say (afar 8 soet ae 2 Mea, ion & steel and Imamsieres eral. 746 129 I-78 aa-t0 8:33 29:49 30-17 g2-67 B70} M1996 26-81 2606 52°474 Mou otter dun oon 4-58 6-33 5189689 54779 9152 TOT 99 BTG0 TOUT BSD IB-e7 5 Telegu endian 2:76¢ set gaeh SHot naaet 46 509 ar FOF TH BS ga7 Ba IV. CAPITAL GOODS. 42-85 39°19 36-46 40°99 153-49 5128 49°93 $6150. 53°24 BOGS $6.51 $2°79 109°50 te Machinery © « 51.29. 23°60 25-36 27°36 N07-6r 36-43, 44-74 40°74 39-29 SLO 4432 4TT34 BSE 2 Vaden Gocining 857 789 oe Tas Gras rng Toe sr ay6r J0Hs Gas 2010 4 Shipy sais amd agp ET 18 aga Su ar ak Soh aH Mg rad 3 354 v. ovnERS 2 p88 620% Gast apt aera G6 OSs BA IT FOSS PTE 383 ‘Tor ign TID BATES IOS GOOGTTT IOBOT H9S-ST FOHNGS 194TH T9HHT FONOE WORSE 3HSS. = Estimated, s* Based on EC D data ‘Hf This is slighdy less chan the total of &s. 611°7 crores shown i the text. seTABLE Vill Category-wise Breakdown of Exports* 1955-56, 1956-57 and 1957-58 (Ist half) (Re, crores) Apel July: Oct- Jane ‘Total Aprile uly- Qc Jan= Total April July Total Sune “Sept. Dect March, june Sept, Dee) March 2956+ June Sept. Aprily 985 19S HSH 1958 agss.96 986 19H 195695757857 1957 | Se 1957 I. Food, drink, and Tobacco 365 402 533. SI] TET GBB ggg 6G 80 6 god 787 Ta. 615.3 26-4 EBS OG B04 OS AST 449 aEE ag Ti, Raw materials and Produce & Articles oholy unmanufactured $6.2 54°8 $6 60° 22774 S0°S 7B «48175299 189947894 Br? x. Cotton, raw and waste 799 30-7130 HOG Bg T9237 7B HO 2, Vegetable Oils 29-97 90 HS HoT YO'2 gs GO Gass 6G 5b Hides apd aking award 7-8 73 396 ae OB Ba gH 47s fMemom > St 73 74 89 7 4S ge GO 8 go 3378 5° Manganese Gre 420 445 arr 6284 he IIL, Articles wholly or mainly Mangaemred "66.7 593 Orr 673 284-4 592 $82 65197296 BSS SHS $290 TOS 1, Jute Manufactures. 3155 26°9 28-8 33-1 12093, 26-8 30°23 STE 126-2250 aE 4TH 2. Cotton Manufactures . 239 22° 198 20°66 19°87 20"3 BR HOB BOE INK 392 98IV. Others err art ry) sae eke ro orcas ee gat ceo Toran (ei) Tra 1s60 1728 1809 6719 tog Tara 1795 1856 677 4ST TINT 2788 ‘Less Estimated freight and Tasuranee, et 92 64 Ta 78 GOR GE Ts BOS BOR 53 HHT Exports fob. 1590 1496 165-4 TSE ORT IS IEP TTS MITA 6369 1398 Fag 26 ‘Based on ECD data, aTABLE IX ‘Net Capital Formation—by and through the Central Government (Rs, crores) agsies2 1982-53 1953-54 OSHS 1955-56 TOsGesT_T9ST-SB (Acct) (Acct) (Acct) (Acct) (Rest) (RE) BE) AL By the Cantral Government (Direc) () Fixed assets oe $s 42 GS HB aT a206 BATT (® Works Stores ol + 50 oa Sa Tort Seq 2 707 BFS TG ae BST B. Through the Central Government (ndiret) (@) Grants for capital formation eee 6: S762 24 aD BH (® Tavestment in shares ca 42002300 46 62 gH (© Loans for capital formation ee B50 HSB tag 257-6 291 aRYBas-2 Torat 95S NEB 1S5:7 2922 528 369°7 4076 ©. Toxal nee capita formarion by and through the C.rtral Govsen- ‘ment (A piss BY 1499 156-0 2264 76'S EEO S990 748° “Bacadesfiguss lag to FORY Wowk eg Toccoa a