Fakta

*NHANES data found that the median intake of vitamin D from food and supplements in women ages 51
to 71 years was 308 IU daily, but only 140 IU from food alone (including fortified products)

*Worldwide, an estimated 1 billion people have inadequate levels of vitamin D in their blood, and
deficiencies can be found in all ethnicities and age groups. [2-4] In industrialized countries, doctors are
seeing the resurgence of rickets, the bone-weakening disease that had been largely eradicated through
vitamin D fortification. [5-7] There is scientific debate about how much vitamin D people need each day
and what the optimal serum levels should be to prevent disease. The Institute of Medicine (IOM)
released in November 2010 recommendations increasing the daily vitamin D intake for children and
adults in the U.S. and Canada, to 600 IU per day. [1] The report also increased the upper limit from 2,000
to 4,000 IU per day. Although some groups such as The Endocrine Society recommend 1,500 to 2,000 IU
daily to reach adequate serum levels of vitamin D, the IOM felt there was not enough evidence to
establish a cause and effect link with vitamin D and health benefits other than for bone health.

https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/vitamin-d/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3356951/

Rathish Nair and Arun Maseeh

Vitamin D: The “sunshine” vitamin

Medical Services Department, Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India

Address for correspondence: Rathish Nair, Medical Advisor, Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd.,
Near Dinesh Hall, Off. Ashram Road, Ahmedabad 380 009, Gujarat, India. E-
mail: ni.oc.oohay@rianhsihtarrd

Abstract

*An estimated 1 billion people worldwide, across all ethnicities and age groups, have a vitamin D
deficiency (VDD). This pandemic of hypovitaminosis D can mainly be attributed to lifestyle (for example,
reduced outdoor activities) and environmental (for example, air pollution) factors that reduce exposure
to sunlight, which is required for ultraviolet-B (UVB)-induced vitamin D production in the skin

*need more vitamin D than presently recommended to prevent chronic disease

*meta-analysis published in 2007 showed that vitamin D supplementation was associated with
significantly reduced mortality.

Introduction

*
https://www.alomedika.com/obat/vitamin-dan-mineral/vitamin/vitamin-d2/farmakologi

dr. Diana Atmaja

Farmakologi vitamin D2 atau ergokalsiferol adalah sebagai hormon steroid larut lemak
prekursor vitamin D yang berperan dalam absorpsi dan metabolisme kalsium dan fosfor,

Farmakodinamik

Vitamin D2 adalah prekursor vitamin D yang merupakan hormon steroid larut lemak. Fungsi biologis
utama dari vitamin D adalah menjaga kadar kalsium dan fosfor serum dalam aliran darah dengan
meningkatkan absorpsi di usus halus.

Vitamin D2 dikonversi menjadi 25-hydroxyvitamin D di hepar, dan kemudian ke bentuk aktif, 1,25-
dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25 (OH) 2D) di ginjal. Setelah diubah, akan berikatan dengan reseptor vitamin D,
yang mengarah ke berbagai peran regulatorik.

Vitamin D berperan penting dalam menjaga keseimbangan kalsium dan dalam pengaturan hormon
paratiroid (PTH). Kedua peran ini akan meningkatkan reabsorpsi kalsium, absorpsi kalsium dan fosfor di
usus, dan mobilisasi kalsium dan fosfor dari tulang ke plasma. [1]

Farmakokinetik

Vitamin D2 bersifat larut dalam lemak dan diabsorpsi di usus halus dengan bantuan garam empedu. Sisa
vitamin yang tidak diperlukan akan dikeluarkan melalui feses.

Absorpsi

Vitamin D2 diabsorpsi di usus halus (proksimal atau distal) secara lambat, dan dalam prosesnya
diperlukan garam empedu. Onset kerja obat berkisar 10-24 jam, dengan durasi ≥2 bulan. [4]

Distribusi

Vitamin D2 terdistribusi ke dalam tempat-tempat penyimpanan di hati, kulit, otak, tulang dan jaringan
lain. Dalam prosesnya Vitamin D yang telah aktif dari bagian atas usus halus diangkut oleh D-plasma
binding protein (DBP). [4]
Metabolisme

Metabolisme pertama vitamin D2 terjadi di hepar, bersama vitamin D3 diubah menjadi 25-
hydroxyvitamin D melalui aksi 25-hydroxylase. Metabolisme berikutnya terjadi di ginjal dimana vitamin
D2 diubah lebih lanjut menjadi 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2. [5,6]

Eliminasi

Eliminasi utama vitamin D2 terjadi melalui feses. Eliminasi juga terjadi sebagian kecil melalui urin dan
ASI. [4]
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7463465/