USE OF ARTICLES

A/An Gi e¨envi
Rule- 01 : mvaviYZ †Kvb word Gi cÖ_‡g Consonant _vK‡j (†hgb- bird), Zvi Av‡M a e‡m (†hgb, a bat)
Ges Vowel (a, e, I, O, U) _vK‡j (†hgb- an ant) Zvi Av‡M an e‡m (†hgb- an ant)
1g A¶i Consonant 1g A¶i Vowel Vowel
Consonant
1. I see a bat. b 1. They have an a
2. This is a pen. p ass. u
3. Bring me a s 2. I have an i
stick. r umbrella o
4. She bought a t 3. Do not move an e
radio. inch.
5. This is a tree. 4. He saw an
otten.
5. We saw an
elephant.
Rule- 02 : Singular countable noun Gi Av‡M a/an e¨eüZ nq hw` Zvi ¯^vfvweK msL¨v gvÎ GKwU GiKg
bv nq|
He lives in a flat.
She is an actress.
Rule- 02 : ‡Kvb Singular noun Gi Av‡M a/an e‡m hw` Zv w`‡q GKB RvZxq A‡bK¨ e¨w³ ev e¯‘ †evSvq|
†hgb-
A man must be educated.
A child1 needs milk, or All cheldren need mil.
Rule- 04 : Half Gi 1 1Av‡M a e‡m hLb half ‡Kvb c~Y© msL¨vi (whole number) c‡i e‡m|
Inc: 12 Kilogram = one and half kilograms.
Con: 2 Kilograms = one and a half Kilograms.
Inc. We want half holiday.
Con. We want a half-holiday.
Rule- 05 : cwigvb (quantity) wb‡`©kK wee„wZ‡Z a/an e¨eüZ nq:
a lot of (cÖPzi cwigv‡b)
a great many (A‡bK)
a great deal of (A‡bK, cÖPzi)
Rule- 06 : `i (Price), AbycvZ (ratio), MwZ‡eM (Speed) BZ¨vw` cÖKvk Ki‡Z a/an e¨eüZ nq|
The car run eighty kilometers and hour.
Rice sells five taka a seer.
Rule- 07 : Exclamatory Sentence (we¯§qm~PK evK¨)-G Singular Countable Noun (hv MYbv Kiv hvq) Gi
Av‡M a/an e‡m:
What a fool you are!
Such a fine picture!
Rule- 08 : a+Mr/Mrs/Miss+Surname- Giæ‡c

A Mr. Rob came here. (Mr Rob bv‡g GKRb GLv‡b G‡mwQ‡jb).

Where ‘a’ is used instead of ‘an’

Rule- 01 : ‘O’ Gi gZ D”Pvib ‘wa’ ev ‘IqvÕ Gi gZ n‡j (Vowel nIqv ¯^‡Ë¡I) Zvi Av‡M an bv e‡m Ôa’ e‡m|
Inc: I saw an one-eyed man.
Con: I saw a one-eyed man.
Rule- 02 : Word Gi cÖ_‡g U ev eu ev ew _vK‡j Zvi D”PviY ÔBDÕ ev ew Gi gZ nq Zvn‡j (Vowel nIqv
¯^‡Ë¡I) Zvi Av‡M an bv e‡m a e‡m|
He is a university student.
The cow is a useful animal.
They have a ewe.
wKš‘ ‘U’ Av- Gi gZ D”PvwiZ n‡j Zvi Av‡M an e‡mt
She is an unknown woman here.
Where ‘an’ is used instead of ‘a’
Rule- 03 : Word Gi cÖ_‡g h _vK‡j Ges Zvi c‡i Vowel _vK‡j hw` h Aby”PvwiZ †_‡K Vowel Gi cÖvavb¨
cvq Zvn‡j Zvi Av‡M a bv e‡m an e‡m|
He worked for an hour.
He is an honest man
The King left an heir.
wKš‘ h hw` D”PvwiZ nq Zvn‡j Zvi Av‡M a e‡m|
They have a horse.
Rule- 04 : Abbreviation (k‡ãi msw¶ßiƒc) Gi cÖ_g A¶i Consonant n‡jI Zv D”Pvib Kivi mgq hw` Vowel
Sound Av‡m Zvn‡j Zvi Av‡M a bv e‡m an e‡m|
She is an M.A.
My uncle is an M.B.B.S
wKš‘ cÖ_g Consonant wUi D”Pvi‡Yi mgq hw` Vowel Sound bv Av‡m Zvn‡j Zvi Av‡M a e‡m|
She is a B.A/B.Sc/B.Com
Uses of the definite article : The
Singular I Plural Dfq noun Gi Av‡M the Gi GKB iƒc _v‡K, cwiewZ©Z nq bv|
†hgb: the boy, the boys.
Rule- 05 : †Kvb wbw`©ó e¨w³, cÖvYx I e¯‘‡K †evSv‡Z Common noun Gi Av‡M the e‡m:
Thursday he bought a pen; today he given the pen to me.
Indefinite Definite
1. Do a Works. (†Kvb wKQz Ki) 1. Do the work. (KvRwU Ki)
2. Buy a pen. (†h †Kvb GKwU Kjg 2. Buy the pen. (GB KjgwU
†Kb)| †Kb)
3. Eat a Mango. 3. Eat the mango.
Rule- 06 : AwØZxq ev AZzjbxq e‡j g‡b Kiv nq Ggb †Kvb e¯‘ ev e¯‘ mgwói bv‡gi Av‡M the e‡m| †hgb:
The earth the moon
The sky the stars
Rule- 07 : Phrase ev Clause †hvM Kivi Kvi‡Y †Kvb noun ‡K wbw`©ó e‡j wPwýZ Kiv n‡j Zvi Av‡M:
The bird that I caught was blue.
The girl in blue was very beautiful.
Rule- 08 : ‰bKU¨ ev cwiwPwZi Kvi‡Y †Kvb wKQz wbw`©óZv jvf Ki‡j Zvi Av‡M the e‡m| †hgb:
She is in the garden.
The doctor came today.
Rule- 09 : Superlative degree I Ordinal numeral adjective Gi Av‡M the e‡m|
He is the best boy in the class
She is the first girl.
Rule- 10 : RvwZ eySv‡Z, A_©¨vr GK RvZxq me¸‡jv‡K eySv‡Z, Singular Common noun Gi Av‡M the
e¨eüZ nq|
The cow (all cows) is a useful animal.
wKš‘ man (Singular) Øviv gvbeRvwZ (human race) eySv‡Z Zvi Av‡M †Kvb article e¨eüZ nq
bv|
Z‡e †Kvb we‡kl group of people eySv‡Z the e¨eüZ n‡Z cv‡i|
G‡¶‡Î the+adj.+noun Giƒ‡c e¨eüZ nq|
The poor rickshaw puller (all poor rickshaw puller) lives a miserable life in Dhaka.
Rule- 11 : the + adjective Giƒ‡c e¨eüZ n‡j Zv GK †kªYxi mKj e¨w³‡K (e¯‘ bq) eySvq| G‡¶‡Î Plural verb
e¨eüZ nq|
The rich (all rich people) are not always happy.
The poor (all people who are poor) are always happy.
Rule- 12 : mgy`ª, b`x, ØxccyÄ (GKwU Øxc bq), ce©Z †kªYx (GKwU ce©Z ev ce©Zk„½ bq), †`‡ki plural
bvg, giƒf~wg, AÂj BZ¨vw` proper noun Gi Av‡M the e‡m|
The Atlantic (gnvmvMi) The Sahara (giyf~wg)
The Padma (b`x) TheNetherlands (‡`‡ki plural bvg)
The Himalays (ce©Z‡kªYx) The Andaman (ØxccyÄ)
AviI K‡qKwU bv‡gi Av‡M The e‡m:
The Panjab (†`‡ki bvg) The Sudan
The Hague The mall
The Yemen The Strad
Rule- 13 : noun+of+noun Giƒ‡c †Kvb bvg MwVZ n‡j Zvi Av‡M the e‡m| ZLb MVbwU nq:
the +noun+of+noun
The Noun of Noun Meaning
The Bay of Bengal e‡½vcm
The Cape of Good vMi
The United of Hope DËigvkv
States America Aš—iv
gvwK©b
hy³ivóª
Rule-14 : adjective+noun Giƒ‡c †Kvb noun MwVZ n‡j Zvi Av‡M the e‡m| †hgb:
1 The Arabian Ocean
. The Carebean Sea
2 The high street
.
3
.
Rule- 15 : Possessive adjective (‡hgb- his, her, my, your) Gi c‡i A½ cÖZ¨‡½i bvg (†hgb- hand, leg, head)
_vK‡j Zvi cwie‡Z© the e¨eüZ nq|
Inc: Pull him here by his ear.
Con: Pull hi here by the ear.
Inc: He had a hat on his head.
Con: He had a hat on the head.
Rule- 16 : ‘hZ-ZZÕ Gfv‡e e¨eüZ n‡q kã mgwó hw` mgvbycvwZK e„w× ev n«vm eySvq Zvn‡j GiKg
ev‡K¨i Comparative adjective `ywUi Av‡M the e‡m|
The more man gets, the more he wants.

‡Kv_vq The Gi e¨envi nq Ges †Kv_vq The Gi e¨envi nq bv

‡hLv‡b The Gi e¨envi nq ‡hLv‡b The Gi e¨envi nq bv
1. Oceans (mgy`ª), River (b`x), Seas gulf 1. hw` Singular lakes †evSvq Z‡e †m‡¶‡Î the Gi
(DcmvMi), Plural lakes e¨envi n‡e bv| ‡hgb:- Lake Geneva, Lake Eric.
2. Mountains 2. Mounts
The Rockey Mountains, the Ander. Mount Vesuvius, Mount Mckinly
3. Earth, Moon 3. Plants, Constellations (b¶ÎcyÄ mg~n) †hgbt Venus,
‡hgb- the earth, the moon Mars, Earth, Orion.
4. hw` †Kvb schools, colleges, universities bvg 4. hw` †Kvb schools, colleges, universities bvg mg~n
w`‡q ïiy nq Zvn‡j The em‡e| Proper Noun w`‡q ïiy nq Zvn‡j The em‡e bf|
‡hgb: the university of Florida, the college of ‡hgb: Rampura Ideal School, North South University
Arts and sciences.
5. Noun Gi Av‡M hw` Ordinal Number _v‡K5. Noun Gi c‡i hw` Cardinal Number _v‡K Zvn‡j the
Zvn‡j the em‡e| em‡e bv|
The first world war, the third chapter.World War one, chapter three.
6. hy‡×i bv‡gi c~‡e© (e¨wZµg World War) the
6. QzwUi bv‡gi c~‡e© the em‡e bv| †hgb- Christmas,
Korean war, the Crimean war. Thanksgiving, Eid-ul-Fitr, Eid-ul-Adha.
7. hw` †Kvb †`‡ki bvg A_ev group GKwU k‡ãi
7. hw` †Kvb †`‡ki bvg new w`‡q ïi“ nq A_ev hw`
PvB‡Z †ewk nq Zvn‡j the em‡e| †mB †`‡ki bvgwU †Kvb w`‡Ki wb‡`©k K‡i Z‡e the
‡hgb- the United states, the United Kingdom,
em‡e bv|
the central African Republic. ‡hgb- New Zealand, South Africa, North Korea.
hw` †Kvb †`‡ki bvg GKwU nq Z‡e the em‡e bv|
†hgb- France, Sweden, Bangladesh.
hw` †Kvb Dcgnv‡`k †evSvq Z‡e the em‡e bv| †hgb-
Africa, South America.
hw` †Kvb A½ivR¨ (State) †evSvq Zvn‡j the em‡e bv|
‡hgb- Florida, Ohio, California.
8. hw` †Kvb HwZnvwmK Documents †evSvq 8. ‡Ljvayjvi bvg Gi c~‡e© the em‡e bv|
Zvn‡j the em‡e| ‡hgb- Cricket, Basketball.
the constitution, the Magna Corta.
9. hw` RvwZ †evSvq Zvn‡j the em‡e| 9. Abstract Nouns Gi c~‡e© the em‡e bv|
the Indian, the Aztecs Freedom, Happiness.
10. ‡Kvb wel‡qi bv‡gi c~‡e© the em‡e bv| †hgb-
English, Mathematics.

Practice Corner
1. Fill in the blanks in the following text with articles (a/an/the) as necessary. Some of the
blanks may not require an article. Put a cross () in those blanks : 0.5  10 = 5

Patriotism is (a)  noble virtue. It inspires (b)  man to dedicate his life for the
freedom of his (c)  country. (d)  man without patriotism is no better than (e)
 beast. A true patriot is honoured by (f)  his countrymen. He thinks for (g)
 betterment of his country. On (h)  the contrary, (i)  unpatriotic man
thinks only of his own interest. Those who die for (j)  country are true
patriots.

e½vbyev` : †`k‡cÖg GKwU gnr ¸Y| GwU gvbyl‡K Zvi †`‡ki Rb¨ Rxeb DrmM© Ki‡Z Drmvn
†`q| †`k‡cÖgnxb gvbyl cïi mgvb| GKRb LuvwU †`k‡cÖwgK mK‡ji Øviv m¤§vwbZ nb| wZwb
Zvi †`‡ki g½j Kvgbv K‡ib| Ab¨w`‡K, GKRb †`k‡cÖgnxb †jvK ïay wb‡Ri K_v fv‡e| hviv †`‡ki
Rb¨ Rxeb `vb K‡ib ZvivB cÖK…Z †`k‡cÖwgK|
2. Truthfulness is (a)  greatest of all (b)  virtues which makes (c)  man really
great. If we do not cultivate the habit of speaking (d)  truth, we cannot
command (e)  confidence of others. (f)  man whom nobody believes can
never be great in life. We might succeed once or twice by telling (g)  lie but it
never brings a good result. (h)  lie never lies hidden. Today or tomorrow it
 comes to light. Then (i)  real character of (j)  liar is revealed and nobody
believes him.
Abyev` : mZ¨evw`Zv n‡”Q mKj ¸‡Yi g‡a¨ †miv ¸Y, hv gvbyl‡K mwZ¨Kv‡ii gnvb K‡i †Zv‡j|
Avgiv hw` mZ¨ K_v ejvi Af¨vm M‡o bv Zzwj, Zvn‡j Avgiv A‡b¨i Av¯’v AR©b Ki‡Z cvie bv| †h
e¨w³‡K †KD wek¦vm K‡i bv, †m e¨w³ Rxe‡b KL‡bvB eo n‡Z cv‡i bv| GUv n‡Z cv‡i †h, Avgiv
wg_¨v e‡j GKevi ev `yevi mdj njvg, wKš‘ GUv KL‡bvB fv‡jv djvdj Avb‡Z cvi‡e bv| wg_¨v
KL‡bv Pvcv _v‡K bv| AvR †nvK Avi Kvj †nvK †mUv cÖKvwkZ nq| Gici wg_y¨‡Ki cÖK…Z
†Pnviv Db¥y³ n‡q c‡o Ges †KD Zv‡K wek¦vm K‡i bv|
3. The process of learning may very well be compared to (a)  undertaking of a
journey. The learner or the student is (b)  journey taker or traveller. Just as a
traveller has to undergo all (c)  botherations of buying his ticket, booking his
baggage, showing up his ticket, taking care of things, boarding a train or a bus
and suffering every other item of (d)  tedious journey to reach his (e) 
destination, so a learner has to manage his learning affair himself. It is (f) 
labourious process and no one can do (g)  labour for him and no one else can
undertake (h)  journey for another. There is no trick or magic in it. It cannot
be acquired at second hand. Just as a traveller, he can enquire here and there
in case of doubt and difficulty. However, the journey is (i)  passenger's own
concern. In (j)  same way, learning is entirely the concern of the student or
the learner.
Abyev` : wkLb cÖwµqv‡K åg‡Yi m‡½ fv‡jvfv‡e Zzjbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| wkÿv_©x ev QvÎ-
QvÎxiv ågYKvix ev ch©UK| ågYKvix ev ch©UK‡K †hgb K‡ói ågY Ki‡Z wUwKU †Kbv, gvj eyK
Kiv, wUwKU †`Lv‡bv, wRwbmc‡Îi †`Lv‡kvbv Kiv, †Uªb ev ev‡m IVv Ges G ai‡bi A‡bK Kó
Ki‡Z nq, wVK †Zgwb wkÿv_©x‡`i †kLvi KvRUzKz wb‡R‡KB Ki‡Z nq| GUv GKUv kªgmva¨
e¨vcvi Ges Ab¨ †KD Zv‡`i Rb¨ G Kó K‡i bv ev Ab¨ †KD Kviæi åg‡Yi Rb¨ Kó mn¨ K‡i bv| G‡Z
†Kv‡bv †KŠkj ev Rv`ygš¿ †bB| c‡ivÿ c×wZ‡Z G‡K AR©b Kiv hvq bv| m‡›`n n‡j ev mgm¨v †`Lv
w`‡j ågYKvixi g‡Zv Zviv GLv‡b-†mLv‡b †mUv msMÖn K‡i| hv‡nvK, åg‡Yi e¨vcviUv hvÎxi
wbR¯^ e¨vcvi| GKBfv‡e wkLb cÖwµqv n‡”Q wkÿv_©x ev QvÎ-QvÎx‡`i wbR¯^ D‡Ø‡Mi e¨vcvi|

4. In (a)  last 25 years (b)  world has lost one-third of its natural wealth,
according to (c)  international conservation organization worldwide fund. (d)
 earth's forest, wetlands, seas and coasts are in (e)  worse state today than
they were before. Forest's are cut down. Moreover, they are being burnt
indiscriminately resulting in (f)  increase in carbon-di-oxide and ultimately in
(g)  water level rising as a consequence of global warming. It is anticipated
that (h)  new century will face (i)  overwhelming environment (j) 
catastrophe.
Abyev` : AvšÍR©vwZK msiÿY msMVb Iqvì©IqvBW Znwej-Gi Z_¨ Abymv‡i weMZ 25 eQ‡i
c„w_ex Zvi cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡`i GK-Z…Zxqvsk nvwi‡q‡Q| c„w_exi ebf‚wg, Rjvf‚wg, mvMi
I DcK‚j Av‡M †h Ae¯’vq wQj Zvi †P‡q Lvivc Ae¯’vq i‡q‡Q| eb KvUv n‡”Q| ZvQvov G¸‡jv
wbwe©Pv‡i cy‡o †djv n‡”Q, hvi d‡j Kve©b WvB-A·vBW-Gi e„w× NU‡Q Ges Gi d‡j ˆewk¦K
DòZvi cÖfv‡e cvwbi ¯Íi Ic‡i D‡V Avm‡Q| Abygvb Kiv nq †h, AvMvgx kZvãx‡Z gvivZ¥K
cwi‡ek wech©q NU‡e|
5. 'Rifle Roti Aurat' is (a)  first Bengal novel on (b)  Liberation war of
Bangladesh. This Unique novel is written by Anwar Pasha, (c)  professor of
Bangla, department at Dhaka University. He wrote this (d)  novel between
April and June in 1971. The main character in this novel is Sudipta Shaheen
who shares his dream of (e)  new country. Professor Anwar Pasha was picked
up from his Dhaka university residence two days before (f)  victory. Sensing
imminent defeat, the members of (g)  notorious killing squad Al-Badr picked
up (h)  novelist Anwar Pasha and many other intellectuals and brutally killed
them. According to (i)  Banglapedia, around 991 academics, 13 journalists, 49
physicians, 42 lawyers, and 16 other intellectuals were killed during (j) 
liberation war of Bangladesh.
 Abyev` : ÔivB‡dj †ivwU AvIivZÕ evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy× wel‡q iwPZ cÖ_g Dcb¨vm| GB
Abb¨ Dcb¨vmwU iwPZ n‡qwQj XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi evsjv wefv‡Mi Aa¨vcK Av‡bvqvi cvkv KZ…
©K| wZwb GB Dcb¨vm iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb 1971 mv‡ji GwcÖj I Ryb gv‡mi g‡a¨| GB Dcb¨v‡mi g~j PwiÎ
n‡”Q my`xß kvnxb, †h bZzb †`‡ki ¯^cœ †`‡L| weR‡qi `yw`b Av‡M Av‡bvqvi cvkv‡K Zuvi XvKv
wek¦w`¨vj‡qi evmfeb †_‡K Zz‡j wb‡q hvIqv n‡qwQj| Avmbœ civRq m¤ú‡K© Abygvb Ki‡Z †c‡i
KzL¨vZ NvZK evwnbx Avje`‡ii m`m¨iv Jcb¨vwmK Av‡bvqvi cvkv I Ab¨vb¨ eyw×Rxex‡`i Zz‡j wb‡q
wM‡qwQj Ges b„ksmfv‡e nZ¨v K‡iwQj| evsjvwcwWqvÕi Z_¨ Abymv‡i, evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i
mgq cÖvq 991 Rb wkÿvwe`, 13 Rb mvsevw`K, 49 Rb wPwKrmK, 42 Rb AvBbRxex Ges 16 Rb
Ab¨vb¨ eyw×Rxex‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡qwQj|
6. Robi is (a)  indigent boy. He comes of (b)  needy family. But he is diligent and
upright. He has (c)  unique vision for life. He believes that honesty is (d)  key to
success. Moreover, he has (e)  deep sense of patriotism. Being imbued with these
ideals, he shapes (f)  dream of his life. From (g)  dawn to dusk, he works hard. He
never squanders time, wastes money and dissipates (h)  energy. His only aim is to
reach (i)  apex of success. We need (j)  ideal boy like Robi.
Abyev` : iwe GK `wi`ª †Q‡j| †m G‡m‡Q GK `wi`ª cwievi †_‡K| wKš‘ †m cwikªgx Ges Zrci| Zvi
Rxeb‡K wN‡i weivU ¯^cœ Av‡Q| †m wek¦vm K‡i †h, mZZvB mdjZvi PvweKvwV| ZvQvov Zvi
†`k‡cÖ‡gi GK Mfxi Abyf‚wZ i‡q‡Q| GBme Av`k© Øviv AbycÖvwYZ n‡q †m Zvi Rxe‡bi ¯^cœ iPbv
K‡i| †m mKvj †_‡K mܨv ch©šÍ K‡Vvi cwikªg K‡i| †m mgq bó K‡i bv, A_© Ace¨q K‡i bv Ges Zvi
kw³i AcPq K‡i bv| Zvi GKgvÎ jÿ¨ n‡”Q mdjZvi kx‡l© †cuŠ‡Q hvIqv| iweÕi g‡Zv Av`k© †Q‡j Avgv‡`i
cÖ‡qvRb|

7. What (a)  surprise it was! Robin got (b)  first prize in (c)  competition. I
was really (d)  amazed at his success. Of course he was trained by (e) 
expert coach for (f)  time. He always obeyed (g)  instructions given by (h) 
coach. Even he was not found outside (i)  camp during practice session. (j) 
boy like him is always appreciated by the people.
Abyev` : Kx we¯§qKi e¨vcvi! iweb cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq cÖ_g cyi¯‹vi †c‡q‡Q| Zvi mdjZvq Avwg
mwZ¨B wew¯§Z| wbðq †m †Kv‡bv fv‡jv †Kv‡Pi Øviv GB mgq cÖwkÿY wb‡q‡Q| †m me
mgq Zvi †Kv‡Pi wb‡`©kbv¸‡jv †g‡b P‡j‡Q| GgbwK Abykxjb PjvKvjxbI Zv‡K Zuveyi evB‡i
†`Lv hvqwb| Zvi g‡Zv †Q‡j‡`i †jvKRb me mgq cÖksmv K‡i _v‡K|

8. Michael Madhusudan Dutta was (a)  popular 19th century Bengali poet and
dramatist. He was born in (b)  Sagardari on (c)  bank of (d)  Kopotaksho
river, (e)  village in Keshobpur Upazila under Jessore district. Form (f) 
early age, Dutta aspired to be (g)  Englishman in form and manner. Though
he was born in (h)  sophisticated Hindu family, he took Christianity arousing
(i)  anger of his family. He contributed much to (j)  development of Bengali
literature.
Abyev` : gvB‡Kj ga~my`b `Ë Ebwesk kZvãxi GKRb RbwcÖq evOvwj Kwe I bvU¨Kvi| wZwb
h‡kvi †Rjvi †Kkecyi Dc‡Rjvq K‡cvZv¶ b‡`i Zx‡i mvMi`vwi MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| evj¨Kvj
†_‡K wZwb AvPv‡i I e¨env‡i Bs‡iR n‡Z AvKv•¶v Ki‡Zb| hw`I wZwb GKUv AwfRvZ wn›`y
cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb, ZeyI wLª÷ag© MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb Avi G‡Z Zvi cwiev‡i †µv‡ai
D‡b¥l N‡UwQj| evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i Dbœq‡b wZwb A‡bK Ae`vb †i‡LwQ‡jb|
9. Every student wants to do better in (a) — examination. But it is not (b) — easy
work. (c) —student has to do something for this. From (d) — very. beginning he
must be serious. He should read (e) — texts again and again. He must not
memorize (f) — answer without knowing the meaning. He must not make notes
from (g) — common source. He should have a good (h) —command over
English. By doing all these things (i) — student can hope to make a good (j) —
result.
Abyev` : cÖ‡Z¨K wk¶v_©xB cix¶vq fv‡jv Ki‡Z Pvq| Z‡e G KvRwU mnR bq| GR‡b¨
 wk¶v_©x‡`i wKQz KvR Ki‡Z nq| GKev‡i ïi“ †_‡KB Zv‡K Avš—wiK n‡Z n‡e| g~j
cvV¨eB¸‡jv evi evi co‡Z n‡e| A_© bv †R‡b DËi gyL¯’ Kiv Aek¨B Pj‡e bv| GKB Drm †_‡K
†bvU ˆZwi Kiv Pj‡e bv| Bs‡iwR wel‡q Zv‡`i fv‡jv `Lj _vK‡Z n‡e| Gme KvR K‡iB wk¶v_©xiv
fv‡jv djvd‡ji Avkv Ki‡Z cv‡i|
10. Literacy as (a) — skill was first institutionalized in Mesopotamia, Syria, Egypt
and China soon after (b) — art of writing was invented. Education then was
not for (c) — general people but (d) — privilege for (e) — chosen (f) — few who
took on strategic roles in (g) —running of (h) — state and in religion. In Greece,
education became more widespread in about the 5th century BC. (i) — Greeks,
however, sent only their (j) — male children to school.

Abyev` : †jLvi †KŠkj Avwe®K…Z nIqvi ci ciB †g‡mv‡cv‡Uwgqv, wmwiqv, wgki I Px‡b
A¶iÁvb‡K `¶Zv wn‡m‡e cÖ_g cÖvwZôvwbK iƒc †`Iqv nq| ZLbKvi w`‡b †jLvcov mvaviY
gvbylRb‡`i R‡b¨ wQj bv| wKš‘ †m mgq †jLvcov wQj evQvB Kiv KwZcq †jv‡Ki R‡b¨, hviv ivóª
ev ag© cwiPvjbvi †¶‡Î †KŠkjMZ f~wgKv cvjb KiZ| wMÖ‡m wk¶v we¯—vi jvf K‡iwQj cÖvq 5g
kZvãx‡Z| Z‡e, wMÖKiv †Kej Zv‡`i †Q‡j wkï‡`i we`¨vj‡q cvVvZ|
11. My mother is (a) — ideal housewife. She is (b) — affectionate lady. She
managers (c) — family very nicely. She hopes to see me happy at (d) — cost of
her own life. She does not enjoy (e) — wink of sleep if I fail sick. She is very
kind to (f) — poor. She is also (g) — very religious lady. She advises us to follow
(h) — path of truth and honesty. (i) — woman like her is very rare. She bears a
good moral (j) — character.
Abyev` : Avgvi gv GKRb Av`k© M„wnYx| wZwb GKRb gvqvwebx gwnjv| wZwb Lye
my›`ifv‡e Avgv‡`i cwievi †`Lvïbv K‡ib| wZwb Zvi wb‡Ri Rxe‡bi wewbg‡qI Avgv‡K mywL
†`Levi R‡b¨ Avkv K‡ib| Avgvi AmyL n‡j wZwb GK cj‡Ki Rb¨I †PvL †gv‡`b bv| `wi`ª‡`i
cÖwZ wZwb LyeB `qveZx| wZwb Lye ag©cÖvY gwnjv| mZ¨ I mZZvi c_ AbymiY Kievi Rb¨
wZwb Avgv‡`i Dc‡`k †`b| Zvi g‡Zv GKRb gwnjv LyeB `yj©f| Zvi ˆbwZK PwiÎ fv‡jv|
12. There is a saying that sincerity is (a) — key to success. (b) — person can
prosper in life by doing hard work. The man who does not follow (c) — the
rules of sincerity can never go (d) — long way in (e) — world. Many (f) — man is
not conscious of (g) — importance of (h) — sincerity for which they don't have
(i) — benefit of (j) — success. However we should be sincere to our work if we
want to achieve anything notable.
Abyev` : ejv n‡q _v‡K †h, wbôv n‡”Q mdjZvi PvweKvwV| K‡Vvi cwikÖg K‡i gvbyl Rxe‡b
DbœwZ jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i| †h e¨w³ wbôvi wbqgKvbyb †g‡b P‡j bv, c„w_ex‡Z †m †ewk `~i ch©š
— †h‡Z cv‡i bv| A‡bK gvbylB wbôvi ¸i“‡Z¡i e¨vcv‡i m‡PZb bq| G Kvi‡Y Zviv mdjZvi DcKvi
jvf K‡i bv| hv‡nvK, Avgiv hw` fv‡jv †Kv‡bv wKQz AR©b Ki‡Z PvB, Zvn‡j Avgv‡`i Kv‡Ri
e¨vcv‡i wbôv _vK‡Z n‡e|

13. Once there lived (a) — poor Cobbler. He had (b)  rich neighbour. (c) —
neighbour possessed (d)  ill-health. So, he was (e) — angry man. He was
always (f) — unhappy man. Once he used to  think (g) — richest men to be
(h)  happiest men in (i) — world. But his (j)  idea was wrong.

Abyev` : GK`v wQ‡jb GK `wi`ª gywP| Zvi wQj GK abx cÖwZ‡ekx| †mB cÖwZ‡ekxwUi wQj
fMœ¯^v¯’¨| ZvB wZwb wQ‡jb e`ivMx gvbyl| wZwb me mgq AmyLx wQ‡jb| GK mgq wZwb
fve‡Zb †h, wZwb c„w_exi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q myLx †jvK| wKš‘, Zvi GB aviYv fzj wQj|
14. Kamal is (a) — HSC examinee this year. He is not (b) — attentive to his lessons.
He is very weak in (c) — English. Moreover he is (d) — lazy. So his preparation
in English is not good. (e) — month ago before his examination he managed (f)
— short suggestion and learnt it. On (g) — day of examination he started for the
 examination hall (h) — sit earlier. He entered (i) — examination hall with (j) —
trembling heart.
Abyev` : Kvgvj G eQ‡ii GBPGmwm cix¶v_©x| †m Zvi cv‡V g‡bv‡hvMx bq| †m Bs‡iwR‡Z
`ye©j| †m Ajm| ZvB, Zvi Bs‡iwRi cÖ¯‘wZ fv‡jv bq| cix¶vi GK gvm Av‡M †m GKUv msw¶ß
mv‡Rkb †hvMvo K‡iwQj Ges †mUv iß K‡iwQj| cix¶vi w`b †m GKUz mKvj mKvj cix¶vi n‡ji
D‡Ï‡k hvÎv K‡iwQj| †m `yi“ `yi“ e‡¶ cix¶vi n‡j Xz‡KwQj|

15. (a)  morning walk is a good habit for all classes of people. It is (b)  simple
exercise and good for health and (c)  mentality. In the morning (d)  air is
fresh and free from any kind of noise and pollution. This pure (e) 
environment makes an effect on (f)  walker's health and mind. When (g) 
man enjoys (h)  beauties and solemnity of (i)  nature in (j)  morning.

Abyev` : mKv‡j nuvUv me †kÖwYi gvby‡li R‡b¨ fv‡jv Af¨vm| GUv GKUv mvaviY e¨vqvg
Ges GUv ¯^v¯’¨ I g‡bi R‡b¨ fv‡jv| mKv‡j evZvm cwi®‹vi Ges me ai‡bi kã I `~lY †_‡K gy³
_v‡K| gvbyl hLb mKv‡j cÖK…wZi †mŠ›`h© I m‡ZRZv Dc‡fvM K‡i, ZLb hviv nuv‡U GB
cweÎ cwi‡ek Zv‡`i †`n I g‡bi Ici cÖfve m„wó K‡i|
16. Fill in the blanks in the following text with articles as necessary. Put a
cross () where an article is not necessary.
A village market is (a)  place in (b)  village where (c)  villagers go to buy
and sell various things. It usually sits on (d)  bank of (e)  river or a canal or
by (f) — side of highways. In a village market, the villagers buy and sell (g) 
different kinds of food grains, all kinds of daily necessaries and (h)  other
commodities. It is, in fact, (i)  primary centre to meet people's need. It is
again a meeting place of (j)  villagers.

17. Unfairmeans in the examination is (a) — offence. It degrades (b) — standard

of education. If the students of (c) — country do not acquire true (d) —
education, there will be no development for (e) — country. (f) — examinee
should read seriously so that he can cut (g) — good figure in the examination.
To acquire true education should be the only aim in life of all (h) — students.
(i) — educated man cannot support (j) — unfairmeans in the examination at
all.

18. A brilliant student is (a) — asset. One day he may be (b) — engineer or (c) —
M.B.B.S. doctor. He makes (d) — best use of his time. He makes a proper
division of his time and does his duties accordingly. He knows that youth is (e)
— golden period of (f) — life. He has (g) — aim in life. He knows that (h) — life
without (i) — aim is like (j) — ship without a rudder.

19. Industry is (a) — key to success. (b) — industrious can prosper in life. (c) —
man who does not undertake (d) — hard work can never go (e) — long way in
(f) — world. Many (g) — man is not conscious of (h) — importance of (i) —
diligence for which they can not reap (j) — benefit of success.

20. (a)  importance of female education can never be exaggerated. Women

constitute half of (b)  population. So, no development is possible depriving (c)
 women of (d)  light of education. (e)  importance of female education is
immense in order to get (f)  educated nation. Moreover, (g)  educated
woman is self-dependent and self-confident. She does not become a burden to
(h)  society. She can bring (i)  happiness in (j) 
 ANS: (a) The; (b) the; (c) ; (d) the; (e) The; (f) an; (g) an; (h) ; (i) ; (j) a.

21. (a) — Migration of birds is (b) — regular phenomenon. There is not certain
explanation of the reason of birds' migration. With (c) — advent of cold
weather, birds start migrating. Some experts think there is (d) — relationship
between (e) — change in (f) — climate and (g) — breeding instinct of the birds.
There is an idea that (h) — birds start their migration and put (i) — end exactly
the same day each year. But it is (j) — wrong idea.

ANS: (a) ×; (b) a; (c) the; (d) a; (e) the; (f) ×; (g) the; (h) the; (i) an; (j) a.

22. That night at about (a) — midnight. I heard (b) — knock at my door. It was so
sudden (c) — knock that I was frightened. As I opened (d) — door, I found that
it was my cousin Kamal. He was (e) — MA, student of (f) — Dhaka University.
He told me that he had come on (g) — urgent business. I let him in and closed
(h) — door. Suddenly he burst into (i) — tears and narrated how (j) — Pak
Army had invaded university campus and massacred the innocent people.

ANS: (a) ; (b) a; (c) a; (d) the; (e) an; (f) ; (g) an; (h) the; (i) ; (j) the.

23. Mobile phone is (a) — great invention of modern science. As (b) —

consumers of mobile phone are increasing day by day, (c) — people are getting
benefited. But it is unfortunate that mobile phone sometimes becomes (d) —
cause of hazard, especially (e) — children are affected much. (f) — scientists
believe that mobile phone causes brain tumors, genetic damage and many
other (g) — incurable diseases. They believe that invisible and uncontrolled
radio activity of (h) — mobile phone causes irreparable damage to (i) — human
body. They say that (j) — government should control radio activity sources.

ANS: (a) a; (b) the; (c) ×; (d) a; (e) ×; (f) The; (g) ×; (h) a; (i) ×; (j) the.

24. Human life is (a) — sum of hours, days and years. But all days are not
equally memorable to us. Most of (b) — days are forgotten with (c) — passage
of time. Only (d) — few them remain ever fresh in our (e) — memory. My first
day at (f) — school in such (g) — day. It is (h) — fresh in my memory even now.
When I was a boy of six, my father took me to (i) — nearest Primary School. I
took admission in (j) — class one. I felt both joy and fear.
ANS: (a) the; (b) the; (c) the; (d) a; (e) ; (f) ; (g) a; (h) ; (i) the; (j) .
25. Honesty is (a)  divine virtue. All people do not possess this (b)  virtue.
(c)  man who possesses this quality is (d)  happiest in life. To be honest, (e)
 man should have trustworthiness. For, nobody trusts (f)  liar. But all
respect (g)  honest man. (h)  honesty can never be bought. It is (i)  rare
quality which may be found even in (j)  poor man.

ANS: (a) a; (b) x; (c) The; (d) the; (e) a; (f) a; (g) an; (h) x; (i) a; (j) a.
26. (a)  infant sometimes asks such (b)  uncommon question that even (c)
 aged man fails to answer (d)  uncommon question. (e)  intelligent man
has to think over (f)  questions. It is not an easy matter to satisfy (g) 
inquisitive infant. Sometimes (h)  aged man also grows angry with (i)  boy
or girl who always wants to know more. We must not be (j)  impatient with
the infant.
ANS: (a) An; (b) an; (c) an; (d) the; (e) An; (f) the; (g) an; (h) an; (i) the; (j) ×.

27. One day, (a) –– poor boy named (b) –– Abul Kashem was walking by the
railway. Suddenly he saw that (c) –– rail line was broken at (d) –– place. He
thought that (e) ––train driver might not be aware of (f) –– breakage and surely
there might be (g) ––accident. He knew that within a short time (h) ––mail train
would come and meet with an accident. So, he began to think how to save the
train and its (i) –– passengers from (j) –– accident.
ANS: (a) a; (b) ×; (c) a; (d) a; (e) the; (f) the; (g) an; (h) a; (i) ×; (j) the.
28. Geneva is not (a)  big city. It has (b)  area of fourteen square
kolometres. One can walk across it from end to end in about (c)  hour. Many
meetings and conferences take place in Geneva. Henry Dunat, (d)  Genevan
called the nations together to amend the rules of (e)  war. Out of this
convention came (f)  Geneva Convention. In (g)  convention it was stated
that (h)  wounded in a war must be cared for. Later, Geneva became (i) 
seat of (j)  League of Nations.
ANS: (a) a; (b) an; (c) an; (d) a; (e) ×; (f) the; (g) the; (h) the; (i) the; (j) the.

29. Cricket is (a) — outdoor game. It is interesting from (b) — beginning to the
end. It is a costly game. It is not (c) — game of our country. But it has recently
got much more popularity in our country because Bangladesh with India and
Sri Lanka is able to arrange ‘The greatest Show of Cricket’. The World Cup
Cricket-2011 in Bangladesh. In (d) — Cricket World Cup fourteen nations take
part to get (e) — one cup. On 17 March, (f) — inaugural ceremony of the cricket
World Cup is opened in Dhaka, (g) — capital city of Bangladesh. (h) — opening
ceremony begins at the Bangabandhu National Stadium here at 5:50 pm. With
(i) — explosive festival of colour, music, dance, and unceasing noise
Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina declares open (j) — biggest cricket
event.
ANS: (a) an; (b) the; (c) a; (d) the; (e) ; (f) the; (g) the; (h) The; (i) an; (j) the.

30. The mode of communication is very important as far as career building is

concerned, (a) — interview is (b) — two-way communication or two-way traffic.
(c) — general idea of an interviewer is that of (d) — person empowered and
dominating. But the fact is that if you, or the candidate is well-planned,
motivated and confident you can communicate as (e) — equal with an
interviewer. The purpose of interviews is to gain (f) — specific information. It’s
a kind of discovering each other’s potential. Each party explores the potential
of (g) — other. The role of (h) — interviewer is to be able to judge how the
candidate will fit (i) — needs and (j) — requirements of the organization.
ANS: (a) An; (b) a; (c) The; (d) a; (e) ´; (f) ´; (g) the; (h) an; (i) the; (j) the.
31. Bangladesh is (a)  over populated country. Population problem is (b) 
burning question of Bangladesh. Though (c)  population of (d)  country is
(e)  asset, it has already become (f)  great problem in our country because
(g)  country cannot afford to give (h)  people the basic necessaries of (i) 
life equally to all. So we should try to make the equity among all and control (j)
 population.
ANS: (a) an; (b) a; (c) the; (d) a; (e) an; (f) a; (g) the; (h) ; (i) ; (j) .
32. Newspaper plays (a) — important role in our society. It is (b) — most useful
thing in our modern life. We cannot think of (c) — day without it. Reading
newspaper is (d) — good habit. (e) — more we read newspaper, (f) — more we
can acquire knowledge. If we don’t read it, we shall be (g) — frogs in (h) — dark
well. It is (i) — looking glass of (j) — modern world.
ANS: (a) an; (b) the; (c) a; (d) a; (e) The; (f) the; (g) the; (h) a; (i) the; (j) the.
 33. Life is full of (a) — unfavourable circumstances. (b) — great men in (c) —
world bravely faced (d) — adverse situations. These situations bring out (e) —
man's latent qualities. (f) — people in such circumstances learn many virtues like
fortitude and bravery. Only (g) — virtuous and brave men can conquer (h) —
obstacles of life. (i) — adverse situations have glorified (j) — mind and character of
great men.
ANS: (a) ×; (b) The; (c) the; (d) the; (e) a; (f) ×; (g) the; (h) the; (i) a; (j) the.
34. The Liberation War of Bangladesh is (a)  most memorable event in our (b)
 national history. Bangladesh achieved her independence through sacrifice
and blood-shed. Freedom is (c) birth right of a man. On the night of March
25, 1971, the Pakistan army fell upon (d)  unarmed sleeping Bangalees. But
the Bangalees were not cowards. They built up strong resistance against the
Pakistan Army. They fought with courage for long nine months. After nine
month's bloody war and (e)  sacrifice of the freedom fighters, (f)  red sun of
independence rose in our soil on (g)  16th December, 1971. Now we
remember them with great respect. The national memorial at (h)  Savar is (i)
 symbol of nation's respect towards (j)  great heroes who laid down their
valuable lives in the liberation war.
ANS: (a) the; (b) ×; (c) the; (d) the; (e) the; (f) the; (g) the; (h) ×; (i) a; (j) the.

35. Communicative competence refers to (a) — ability to use a language

appropriately in various circumstances. There are two ways of developing
communicative competence in (b) — language. (c) — first is acquisition. It is
similar to (d) — way people develop ability in their mother tongue. It is (e) —
natural, subconscious process. In this process users are not usually aware of
acquiring (f) — language for communication. In non-technical terms,
acquisition is "picking up" (g) — language spontaneously. It may also be called
implicit learning. On (h) — other hand, (i) — second way of developing
communicative competence in (j) — language is learning that language. It may
be described as explicit learning.
ANS: (a) the; (b) a; (c) ×; (d) the; (e) a; (f) a; (g) a; (h) the; (i) the; (j) a.

36. (a)  blood bank is (b)  place where blood is stored for future use in (c) 
hospitals. It is similar to (d)  money bank where people deposit money and
draw it when (e)  necessary. But in (f)  blood bank (g)  blood is not
deposited in (h)  individual names. Mostly blood is donated voluntarily and
those who donate blood are inspired by (i)  noble spirit of (j)  charity and
fellow feeling.
ANS: (a) A; (b) a; (c) the; (d) a; (e) ×; (f) a; (g) ×; (h) the; (i) the; (j) ×.

37. Mr. Bright is (a)  European. As he (b)  Englishman, he knows (c) 

English well. He is (d)  honorable to everyone though he is (e)  one eyed
man. One day having (f)  SOS, he went to (g)  USA. His brother Johnson
living there joined (h)  Army last year. He is (i)  younger of the two
brothers. When Bright met his brother, he could not but shed (j)  tears.
ANS: (a) a; (b) an; (c) ×; (d) ×; (e) a; (f) an; (g) the; (h) the; (i) the; (j) ×.

38. The process of globalization obviously requires (a) — common language for
international (b) — communication. For many different reasons, English has
achieved (c) — prestige of being that (d) — language because it is (e) —
international language. It is no longer (f) — unique possession of the British or
the Americans or other native speakers but (g) — language that belongs to (h)
— world’s people. This phenomenon has led to (i) — bewildering variety of (j) —
English around us.
ANS: (a) a; (b) ; (c) the; (d) ; (e) an; (f) the; (g) a; (h) the; (i) a; (j) .
39. Bangladesh is (a) — world's most densely populated country. Our
development efforts are frustrated because of (b) — great size of our
population. (c) — population explosion is (d) — constant threat to our
environment and (e) — society. Her population is growing at such (f) — high
rate that (g) — environment may soon fail to supply (h) — people with their
minimum necessities. It is indeed (i) — alarming situation. Something should
be done to change (j) — situation.

ANS: (a) the; (b) the; (c) ×; (d) a; (e) ×; (f) a; (g) the; (h) ×; (i) an; (j) the.

40. a) — ideal student, in (b) — truest sense of the meaning, is (c) — asset for
(d) — country. He is different from (e) — idle student. He is industrious and
hardworking. On the other hand, (f) — idle waste away their time. They do not
know that (g) — time is (h) — most valuable thing. If anyone wants to shine in
life, he should make (i) — best use of time. Otherwise, he will suffer (j) — later
on.
ANS: (a) An; (b) the; (c) an; (d) a; (e) an; (f) the; (g) ×; (h) the; (i) the; (j) ×.

41. (a) — ant is (b) — industrious insect. Bees are also (c) — industrious
insects. If we observe the life of (d) — successful man, we will find that he is
also (e) — industrious. All appreciate (f) — industrious. (g) — idle are disliked.
So industry is (h) — must to prosper in life. We know that (i) — industry is the
key to success and laziness leads to (j) — misfortune.
ANS: (a) An; (b) an; (c) ×; (d) a; (e) ×; (f) the; (g) The; (h) a; (i) ×; (j) ×.