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Module 2. Jose Rizal's Life History

Arnel Perez

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 CYCLE 1
2nd Semester | A.Y. 2020 - 2021

Module 2
Jose Rizal’s Life History
February 22 to 26, 2021

RIZAL
The Life and Works of Rizal

ARNEL G. PEREZ, MS
Instructor

Institute of Arts, Sciences, and Teacher Education

Social Sciences and Humanities
 VISION: MABALACAT CITY COLLEGE envisions itself to MISSION: The Mission of MABALACAT CITY COLLEGE is
be the TOP CHOICE in the community it serves for to meet the needs of its community as CENTER FOR
QUALITY EDUCATION and TRAINING LEARNING aiming for OPEN ADIMISSION POLICY

BASIC INFORMATION AND POLICIES:

ATTENDANCE and TARDINNESS

• Absence due to illness or confinement is excused provided it is attested to by a medical certificate. For non-medical
related absence like family matter, work/company related absence, traffic issue and other similar cases; a student
has to present a letter with primary ID of the guardian and/ or immediate supervisor from work.
• For an Absence due to practice or an organizational meeting, a letter from the adviser, ODS, or person in charge
should be presented three days before the said absence. A student who incurs a maximum of three days’ absence
for a one-and-a-half-hour class and two days for a three-hour class is required his/her parents to attend conference
with the subject teacher/dean.
• For an absence incurred on a Quiz or Major exam, a student has three to five days to request for a make-up exam
provided he/she presents a letter of explanation from the guardian or immediate supervisor addressed to the subject
teacher and/or dean.

TARDINESS is failure to be in class at the start by the teacher. A student is given a grace period of fifteen (15) minutes for a
one hour and a half class and a grace period of thirty minutes (30) for a three-hour class.

ACADEMIC DISHONESTY, INTEGRITY, PLAGIARISM

• Plagiarism in any and all academic requirements is not allowed, and any student caught plagiarizing gets a zero (0)
score in the said academic requirement.
• Academic dishonesty, Integrity – refer to Student Manual (Note: Student caught in any act of academic dishonesty will
get a zero (0) score in the said academic requirement).

SUBMISSION OF REQUIREMENTS
• All academic requirements must be submitted on or before the due date. Nonetheless, due to pandemic the students
is given a grace period of two (2) weeks to complete all the necessary requirements before the end of the cycle.
Likewise, another 3 days is given to student to complete his/her requirements at the end of the cycle. However, student
who fails to comply to complete his/her requirements on the grace period, will obtain incomplete grade (INC). Note, for
the completion of INC grade/ change of grade refers to Student Manual.

COURSE REQUIREMENTS AND GRADING SYSTEM

STUDENT
Module 1 and 2
PERFORMANCE
Digital paper works: Reflection
paper/ Reaction Paper/ Essay/
Worksheet (Minimum of two)
INPUT (60%)
Quiz for every module in Edmodo
(if possible) or Take home exam
via messenger
Module 3 and 4
Digital paper works: Reflection
paper/ Reaction Paper/ Essay/
Worksheet (Minimum of two)
Quiz for every module in Edmodo
(if possible) or Take home exam
via messenger
Module 5 and 6
Digital paper works: Reflection
paper/ Reaction Paper/ Essay/
Worksheet (Minimum of two)
Quiz for every module in Edmodo
(if possible) or Take home exam
via messenger

FINAL OUTPUT Comprehensive Final Exam (Module 1 to 5) or Vlog (2 minutes) about Nationalism or Responsible Students
(40%) or Heroism on the context of Generation Z or both

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INTRODUCTION: This Module elaborates the significant events occurred in the life of Jose Rizal. The discussions center
on the accomplishments of Rizal as a student in Ateneo de Municipal, Universidad de Santo Tomas, and Universidad
Central de Madrid. Moreover, this module gives overviews on the involvement of Rizal to the propaganda movement and his
contributions, and his exile in Dapitan until his execution and death.

LEARNING OUTCOMES: By the end of this module, the students will be able to do the following:
§ Describe Rizal’s experiences and accomplishments during his studies, travels, and involvement in the propaganda
movement.
§ Determine and describe the significant others and events that influence Rizal’s ideology, psychology, and
philosophy; and
§ Explain and analyze the factors that led to Rizal’s execution and synthesize the effects of his execution on Spanish
colonial rule, and Philippine Revolution.

TOPIC OUTLINE
Jose Rizal’s Life History
1. Rizal’s Family
2. Rizal’s Childhood and Early Education
3. Rizal’s Higher Education and Sojourn in Paris
4. Rizal and the Propaganda Movement
5. Rizal’s Deportation in Dapitan
6. Rizal’s Trial and Death

Discussion

Read and Review:

• 1864 – At the age of three, he stayed at the nipa
cottage to muse on the beauty of nature. He
prayed the Angelus every night. He listened with
the story telling of his mother at the azotea after
the nightly rosary and read the Spanish family
bible.
• 1866 – At age of five, he showed artistic abilities
such as sketching, clay molding, and wax
imaging
• 1868 – He had his first trip across Laguna de
bay and he attended the pilgrimage in Antipolo.
He learned the story of the moth to his mother.
• 1869 – He studied Latin and Spanish to maestro
Justiniano Aquino Cruz in Binan, Laguna.
• 1872 – He learned the execution of the three
Filipino priests (GOMBURZA) to his brother,
Paciano. His mother, Teodora was accused of
poisoning the perfidious wife of Jose Alberto.
• 1872 – He passed the entrance exam in San
Juan de Letran but he matriculated in Ateneo de
Municipal
• 1873 – He became emperor of the class.
§ Lineage Life and Labors of Jose Rizal Patriot by Austin
Craig (1913) at https://www.gutenberg.org/files/6867/6867-
h/6867-h.htm
§ Timeless lesson from Rizal at http://nhcp.gov.ph/timeless-
lessons-from-rizal/
§ Rizal the Futurist at http://nhcp.gov.ph/rizal-the-futurist/
§ Rizal and the lessons his mother taught at
http://nhcp.gov.ph/rizal-and-the-lessons-his-mother-taught-
him/
Watch the following on YouTube:
§ Rizal sa Landas ng Paglaya
§ iJuander: Pagbabalik tanaw sa buhay ni Dr. Jose Rizal
§ Pluma: Si Rizal, ang dakilang manunulat
§ Howie Severino, The Rizal Documentarist
§ I-Witness: Mga Lihim ng Pamilya Rizal/ I-Witness:
Batang Rizal (Howie Severino)
§ Life of Jose Rizal (Cessa David)
§ Xiao Time – Rizal: Ang Pagkatapon ni Dr. Jose Rizal
sa Dapitan | Pagtuturo sa Buhay ni Rizal: Panahon ng
Pagbabago | Si Rizal sa Mata ng mga Dayuhan | Si
Rizal na isa ring Visual Artist | Si Rizal bilang isang
“Ama ng Pinoy Komiks’ (Emmanuel “Xiao” Chua)

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• 1874 – He wrote his first poem, Mi Primera Inspiration in Ateneo de Municipal and gave it as a present to his mother’s
birthday.
• 1877 – He graduated with highest honor, Pride of the Jesuit on March 23, 1877.
• 1878 – He took Philosophy and Letters in Universidad de Santo Tomas. He shifted to medicine course to cure the
growing blindness of his mother. He took vocational course, perito agrimensor (expert surveyor) in Ateneo de Municipal
and passed the final exam in surveying course at age of 17.
• 1879 – Rizal’s poem, A La Juventud Filipina won the literary contest sponsored by the Liceo Artistico – Literio
• 1880 - His literary El Consejo delos Dioses, was awarded with a gold ring where bust of Cervantes was engrave in
UST. He wrote a Spanish zarzuela, Junto Al Pasig and performed during the feast of Immaculate Conception in Ateneo
de Municipal
• 1882 – He reached Barcelona, Madrid and joined the Circulo Hispano Filipino. He wrote his first article, Amor Patrio in
Diariong Tagalog. He enrolled in Universidad Central de Madrid to pursue his course in medicine leading to
Ophthamology.
• 1883 – He observed the French way of life and spent his time in the museum, Louvre, botanical gardens, Luxembourg,
libraries, galleries and hospital. He was mistaken as Japanese by the Parisian
• 1884 – In Madrid, Spain he started to write his first novel, Noli Me Tangere and he was invited to deliver speech to
honor Juan Luna and Felix Ressurecion Hidalgo. In June 21, he completed his medical course, Ophthalmology in
Universidad Central de Madrid.
• 1885 – He obtained his licentiate in Philosophy and Letter and qualified as professor of humanities in any Spanish
University. He went in Paris and Germany to specialize in Ophthalmology.
• 1886 - He arrived in Heidelberg, Germany and he worked in the University Eye Hospital under the direction of Dr. Otto
Becker (distinguished German ophthalmologist). He wrote the poem, A Las Flores de Heidelberg (To the Flower of
Heidelberg). He wrote his first letter in German language to Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt (Director of Ateneo of Leitmeritz,
Austria).
• 1887 – He finished writing his novel, Noli Me Tangere and published in Berlin. He returned in the Philippines after five
years sojourn in Europe. He went to Gov. Emilio Terrero to defend his novel. He made the draft of his second novel, El
Filibusterismo.
• 1888 - He examined the Civil Governor’s investigation about the agrarian condition of the localities. After 6 months
stayed in Calamba, he left Manila boarded on Zafiro for Hong Kong. In Hong Kong, he met Jose Maria Basa, Balbino
Mauricio, and Manuel Yriate. He went in Macau and visited Don Francisco Lecaros. From Hong Kong, he went in Japan
and met Juan Perez Caballero, secretary of Spanish Legation. He learned Nippongo and Japanese history to Seiko
Usui (O-Sei-San). He met Techo Suehero, Japanese journalist on Belgic English going to USA. In California, Rizal
together with other passengers were quarantined due to cholera epidemic in Far East.
• 1888 - Rizal boarded the “City of Rome” going to London. Rizal entertained the European and American passengers
with his skill in playing yo-yo and he introduced yo-yo as a kind of weapon. In British Museum, – Rizal browsed over the
pages of Dr. Antonio de Morga’s “ History of the Philippine Islands” and other historical works. Rizal visited Madrid and
Barcelona. Rizal searched the historical materials in Bibliotheque Nationale. Rizal met Marcelo Hilario del Pilar and
Mariano Ponce. Rizal became a leader of Filipinos in Europe (unanimously voted as honorary president of Associacion
La Solidaridad.
• 1889 - Graciano Lopez Jaena founded the patriotic newspaper, “La Solidaridad” and Rizal wrote his first article, Los
Agricultores in La Solidaridad. In Paris, Rizal founded the Filipino society such as Kidlat Club, Indios Bravos, and
Redencion de los Malayos during the Universal Exposition.
• 1890 - Rizal left Paris going to Brussels, Belgium. He continued writing the chapters of his second novel and he wrote
articles in “La Solidaridad” to defend the oppressed people. In Madrid, Rizal called on the Minister of Colonies in order
to protest the injustices committed by General Valeriano Weyler and the Dominicans.
• 1891 – In Madrid, Rizal and Del Pilar competed for the position, Responsable (editor and leader of La Solidaridad). He
finished the manuscript of El Filibusterismo in Biarritz, France. In Brussels Belgium , Rizal notified the Propaganda
authorities in Manila to cancel his monthly allowance (letter addressed to A.L. Lorena; pseudo name of Deodato
Arellano). In Ghent Belgium, Rizal found F. MEYER-VAN LOO PRESS 66 Viaanderen Street (print the novel for
installment basis).
• 1892 – In Hong Kong, Rizal expressed his happy moments with his family, and his medical practice to Blumentritt. Dr.
Lorenzo P. Marquez, Portuguese physician helped Rizal to build a wide clientele. Rizal went to Sandakan (negotiated
with the British authorities) about the Borneo colonization. A secret case was filed in Manila (anti-religious and anti-
patriotic) and Luis de la Torre was tasked to investigate Rizal’s German citizenship. Rizal attended the meeting of the
patriots at the home of Doroteo Ongjunco (Chinese – Filipino) (President: Ambrosio Salvador/ Secretary: Deoadato
Arellano/Treasurer: Bonifacio Arevalo/ Fiscal: Agustin dela Rosa)

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• 1892 - Rizal was arrested and incarcerated in Fort Santiago (incommunicado) by Ramon Despujol and his arrest story
was published in Gaceta de Manila. Gov. Eulogio Despujol ordered to exile Rizal in Dapitan and in Dapitan, he met
Capt. Ricardo Carnicero and he refused the offer of Fr. Pablo Pastells.
• 1893 – Rizal discovered the plan of Pablo Mercado (Florencio Namanan) and Capt. Juan Sitges, commandant of
Dapitan ordered his arrest. He learned the death of Leonor Rivera – Kipping and met Josephine Bracken who seek
medical assistance for Mr. Taufer.
• 1895 – Rizal sent letter to Gen. Ramon Blanco and expressing his intention to serve as military doctor in Cuba.
• 1896 - Dr. Pio Valenzuela (emissary of Bonifacio) arrived in Dapitan to seek the advised of Rizal about their plan. Rizal’s
four years exile in Dapitan came to an end. Rizal boarded on the ship Castilla going to Barcelona but he was transferred
to steamer Isla de Panay when Andres Bonifacio heightened the Katipuneros (The Cry of Balintawak) and this incident
provoked Gen. Ramon Blanco to declare a state of war in Manila, Bulacan, Cavite, Batangas, Laguna, Pampanga,
Nueva Ecija, and Tarlac
• September 7, 1896 – Isla de Panay arrived at Singapore, Don Pedro Roxas and Don Miguel Camus attempted to
rescue Rizal
• September 8, 1896 – Isla de Panay left Singapore going to Barcelona.
• September 25, 1896 – left Suez Canal (crammed with Spanish troops).
• September 27, 1896 – Rizal heard the execution of Francisco Roxas, Genato, and Osorio.
• September 28, 1896 – A passenger told Rizal that he would be arrested and incarcerated in Ceuta.
• September 30, 1896 –Rizal was notified by Captain Alemany about his Cabin arrest.
• September 30, 1896 – Rizal saw through a tiny window the beautiful view of port Malta
• October 3, 1896 – Isla de Panay arrived in Barcelona and he met Gen. Eulogio Despujol
• October 6, 1896 – The ship Colon left Barcelona going to Manila.
• October 8, 1896 – Rizal learned the news from Madrid newspapers blaming him on the bloody revolution in the
Philippines.
• October 11, 1896 – Rizal’s diary was confiscated before reaching port Said.
• November 2, 1896 – Rizal’s diary was returned to him. Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor and Sixto Lopez (London) attempted to
rescue Rizal though Hugh Fort upon reaching Singapore.
• November 3, 1896 – the ship Colon reached Manila. Deodato Arellano, Dr. Pio Valenzuela, Moises Salvador, Jose
Dizon, Domingo Franco, Temoteo Paez, Pedro Serrano Laktaw, and Rizal’s brother, Paciano were arrested and cruelly
tortured.
• November 20, 1896 – Conduct of the preliminary investigation by Judge Advocate, Colonel Francisco Olive.
Documentary and testimonial evidences were presented (15 exhibits).
• November 26, 1896 – after the preliminary investigation, Col. Olive transferred the records to Gen. Blanco (Capt. Rafael
Dominguez – Judge Advocate). Judge Advocate Gen. Don Nicolas de la Pena recommended to trial, detain,
(indemnity), and to defend by army officer.
• December 8,1896 – Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade served as Rizal’s defender in court.
• December 11, 1896 – Rizal was accused of : The principal organizer and living soul of the Filipino insurrection; Founder
of Societies; and Author of books and articles (periodicals) dedicated to fomenting and propagating ideas of rebellion.
• December 13, 1896 – Dominguez forwarded the paper of Rizal’s case to Malacanan Palace General Camilo G. de
Polavieja appointed Gov. Gen of the Philippines.
• December 15, 1896 – Rizal wrote a manifesto to the Filipinos appealing to them to stop the necessary shedding of
blood and to achieve their liberties by means of education and industry.
• December 28, 1896 – Polavieja approved the decision of the court-martial and ordered Rizal to be shot at 7:00 o’clock
in the morning of December 30 at the Bagumbayan Field
• December 29, 1896 – Captain Rafael Dominguez read the death sentence of Rizal
• 7:00 A.M. – Father Miguel Saderra Mata (Rector) and Father Luis Viza (Teacher) visited Rizal Fr. Viza brought the
Sacred Heart of Jesus to Rizal.
• December 30, 1896 – (6:30 A.M.) death march to Bagumbayan.Dr. Felipe Ruiz Castillo – examined Rizal’s pulse and
found out to be normal. 7:03 A.M., December 30, 1896 – Rizal died at age of 35 years, 5 months, and 11 days

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 Jose Rizal’s Literary Works: Words Hunt
Name: Course/ Section:
Hub Location: Date Submitted:

Worksheet 3 Directions. For this activity search and mark (use highlighter) your answer on the Sea of
Letter. Use the HINTs to find the answers in the sea of letter. (2 POINTS each)

SEA OF LETTERS

G R A N C O N S U E L O E N L A M A Y O R X L M
D E S D I C H A X J U N T O A L P A S I G Z O I
E L S A L V A D O R A M C C J A C I N T O A S U
D U E T P A M O R E Y E Z K U N D I M A N X A L
U S T E D C O M O S E E V I V A L I D A D I G T
C T O L L H A U S M D C C H E E R F U L L A R I
A R N E L Z U N A P R O F A N A C I O N O V I M
C E L L P H O N E I P H O N T A R Z A N C O C O
I L L A N T O Y R I S A S Z U E S E S E L A U P
O A L I N M A N G L A H I E D I W O W O W E L E
N P A P A R A T Z I G Z A G F A I T H F U L T S
R A R A M I U L T I M O A D I O S P A T R I O A
E T C A M I L L E P E R E Z L C O V I D N O R M
C R O I S S A N T I N A P E I N S E C T W O E I
I I N S P I R E A R N E L G P E R E Z H A U S E
B A M B A N A M O R P A T R I O T A R L A C O N
E M A B A L A C A T C I T Y N C O L L E G E S T
S E Z S A A K I N G M G A K A B A B A T A M C O
U N R E C U E R D O A M I P U E B L O I A S T E
M I P R I M E R A I N S P I R A C I O N R U B Y

HINTS

1. Rizal’s zarzuela performed in Ateneo during the feast of Immaculate Conception

2. Rizal’s article in La Solidaridad depicting the denying burial of Mariano Herbosa
3. Rizal’s article in La Solidaridad replying to Gov. Gen Valeriano Weyler’s comment in the Agrarian problem in
Calamba
4. Rizal’s article in La Solidaridad depicting the denunciation of Spanish racial prejudices against the brown Filipinos
5. Rizal’s poem depicting the importance of religion to education
6. Rizal’s poem in UST depicting the youth as the hope of the nation
7. Rizal’s poem depicting Columbus’ struggles and victory
8. Rizal’s song in Dapitan depicting the quest for freedom
9. Rizal’s controversial poem depicting the love of mother tongue
10. Rizal’s love song depicting the intense love for his motherland
11. Rizal’s last poem, first title
12. Rizal’s first poem in Ateneo de Municipal
13. Rizal’s poem depicting his homesickness
14. Rizal’s first literary work in Diyariong Tagalog
15. Rizal’s first literary work in La Solidaridad

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 Alianza Intima Entre la Religion y la Buena Educacion: SIFT Analysis

Directions. Read Rizal’s poem, Alianza Intima Entre la Religion y la Buena Education and
Worksheet 4 analyze the poem using SIFT Literary Analysis. Write your analysis inside the box. Limit
your sentences to 100 words. Refer to the rubric for written output.

In 1872, through his brother Paciano, Jose Rizal matriculated in Ateneo de Municipal even though that time he passed
the entrance examination in San Juan de Letran. Rizal’s talent in writing was enhanced during his schooling in Ateneo
and through the encouragement of Father Francisco de Paula Sanchez, his adviser during his fourth year. Most of the
poems of Rizal were written during his schooling in Ateneo de Municipal and one of these poems, is the Alianza Intima
Entre la Religion y la Buena Educacion (The Intimate Alliance Between Religion and Good Education). Rizal wrote
this poem during the summer of 1876, before entering his fifth year in Ateneo de Municipal. In this poem, Rizal
underscores the importance of religion to education.

The Intimate Alliance Between Religion and Good Education

Verse I
As the climbing ivy over lefty elm
Creeps tortuously, together the adornment
Of the verdant plain, embellishing
Each other and together growing,
But should the kindly elm refuse its aid
The ivy would impotent and friendless wither
So is Education to Religion
By spiritual alliance bound.
Through Religion, Education gains renown, and
Woe to the impious mind that blindly spurning
The sapient teachings of Religion,
This Unpolluted fountain-head forsakes.
Verse III
Without Religion, Human Education
Is like unto a vessel struck by winds
Which, sore beset, is of its helm deprived
By the roaring blows and buffets of the dread
Tempestuous Boreas, who fiercely wields
His power until he proudly sends her down
Into the deep abysses of the angered sea

Verse II
As the sprout, growing from the pompous vine,
Proudly offers us its honeyed clusters
While the generous and loving garment
Feeds its roots; so the fresh’ning waters
Of celestial virtue give new life
To Education true, shedding
On it warmth and light;
Because of them the vine smells sweet and
gives delicious fruit.
Verse IV
As the heaven’s dew the meadow feeds and strengthens
So that blooming flowers all the earth
Embroider in the days of spring;
So also if Religion holy nourishes
Education with its
doctrines, she Shall walk in joy and generosity
Toward the Good, and everywhere bestrew
The fragrant and luxuriant fruits of Virtue.

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 Alianza Intima Entre la Religion y la Buena Educacion: SIFT Analysis

Name: Course/ Section:

Hub Location: Date Submitted:

§ Symbols: Examine
the title and text for
symbolism

§ Images: Identify
images and sensory
details (sight,
sound, taste, odor,
texture)

§ Figurative
Language: Identify
and analyze non-
standard use of
language, including
metaphor, simile,
repetition, omission,
unusual word order,
slang, etc.

§ Tone and Theme

1. Discuss the tone
taken by the
author
2. Why did the
author create
this work?
3. Message or
moral lesson

*Poetry graphic organizer retrieved from https://www.creatingculturalcompetencies.org/uploads/1/1/2/6/112618631/2_poetry_graphic_organizer_examples.pdf

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REFERENCES:
Text Book/ Book:
Anderson, Benedict (2008). Why Counting Counts: A Study of Forms of Consciousness and Problems of Language in Noli Me Tangere and ElFilibusterismo.
Ateneo de Manila Press, Quezon City, Phillipines
Bantug, Asuncion L. (2008) Lolo Jose. An intimate and illustrated portrait of Jose Rizal, 2nd ed. Vibal Publishing House, Inc.
Balazo, I., Dominguez, L., Nakpil, L., & Animosa, I. (2009). Noli me tangere. 10th edition. Abiva Publishing House, Inc.
Capino, D. G., Gonzales, M. A., & Pineda, F. E. (2003) Rizal’s life, works, and writings: Their impact on our national identity. JMC Press, Inc.
Castaneda, S., Ornos, P., San Felipe, V., et al. (2007). Jose Rizal. The Martyr and National Hero. Mutya Publishing House, Inc.
De Viana, Augusto V., Cabrera, Helena Ma. F., Samala, Emelita P., De Vera, Myrna M., & Atututbo, Janet C. (2018). Jose Rizal: Social reformer and patriot.
A study of his life and times. Rex Book Store, Inc. P. Florentino St., Sta. Mesa Heights, Quezon City, Philippines
Espinoza, T., De Guzman, J., & Odulio, F. (1999). El filibusterismo. Aklat Ani Publishing and Educational Trading Center
Fadul, J. A. (2008). A workbook for a course in Rizal. 2nd ed. expanded. C & E Publishing, Inc.
Rizal, J. (1962) Historical events of the Philippines Islands by Dr. Antonio de Morga, published in Mexico in 1609, recently brought to light and annotated by
Jose Rizal, preceded by a prologue by Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt. Manila: Jose Rizal National Centennial Commission.
Sta. Maria, F.P., (1996). Jose Rizal. In Excelsis. Studio 5 Design, Inc.
Zaide, G. F. & Zaide, S. M. (2008). Jose Rizal: Life, works and writings of a genius, writer, scientist, and national hero. ALL-NATIONS Publishing Co., Inc.

Electronic Books/ Journals:

Aguilar, Jr., Filomena V. (2005). Tracing origin: Ilustrados nationalism and the racial science of migration waves. The Journal of Asian Studies. Retrieved
from proquest
Alvarez, Luis A. (2012). El Costo del Imperio Asiatico: La Formacion Colonial de Las Islas Filipinas bajo Dominio Espanol, 1565-1800. Philippine Studies,
Vol. 60(2). Retrieved from http://www.philippinestudies.net
Anderson, James A. (2002). History, Culture, and Religion in Southeast Asian Perspective. The Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. 61(2). Retrieved from
ProQuest
Bonoan, R.J.(1996). Rizal’s First Published Essay: El Amor Patrio. Philippine Studies 44(3); 299-320. Retrieved from
http://www.philippinestudies.net/ojs/index.php/ps/article/view/678/680
Cruz, Romeo V. (1986). Nationalism in 19TH Century Manila. A paper read during the conference on “Manila: History, Culture and Society” sponsored by De
La Salle University and the Philippine Studies Association.
Junker, Laura (2001). History, culture, and religion in Southeast Asian Perspectives. Asia Perspective. Vol 40(1). Retrieved from proquest
Lahiri, Smita (2007). Rhetorical Indios: Propagandist and their publics in the Spanish Philippines. Comparative study in Society and History. Retrieved from
doi:10.1017/S0010417000485
Noli Me Tangere Buod ng Bawat Kabanata (2018). Retrieved from https://pinoycollection.com/noli-me-tangere-buod/#Kabanata-1
Ocampo, Ambeth R. (1998). Rizal’s Morga and Views of Philippine History. Philippine Studies vol. 46, no.2: pp.184-214. Retrieved from
http://www.philippinestudies.net
Schumacher, John N. (2000). Rizal and Filipino Nationalism: A New Approach. Philippine Studies vol.48(4). Retrieved from http://www.philippinestudies.net

OFFICIAL MCC MODULE DISCLAIMER

It is not the intention of the author/s nor the publisher of this module to have monetary gain

in using the textual information, imageries, and other references used in its production. This module

is only for the exclusive use of a bona fide student of Mabalacat City College.

In addition, this module or no part of it thereof may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval

system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, and/or

otherwise, without the prior permission of Mabalacat City College.

agperez2020 14