CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

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1.1 Problem Definition
With the total increasing population in todays busy world there is another silently increasing problem
which we all are not aware of currently and that is the problem of parking of our costly luxurious
vehicles and in countries like India this problem is acting like adding cherry to the cake, in our country
and some foreign countries too people love to own cars but hate to park them at the desired the location
and here the problem arises the park their vehicles wherever they find it suitable and go on with their
works after locking the car, without even thinking once about the other person.
1.2 Project Overview
The IOT Based Smart Parking System we present here is aiming to clear this unalarming problem from
its root by guiding the people to the destined parking spot where they are supposed to park their vehicles by
making them choose their parking spot in advance which is the biggest reason for people not parking their
vehicles at the correct location.
We have two modules in this project one is user second is admin as we go on with user module we find a
registration form to be filled by the first timers at the website.
The admin module is the one which is managed by me and my time from time to time and restricted access.
Once you have registered a rfid card is issued to you which serves as an authenticator for the parking
entrance.
As soon as vehicle is parked at its destined position the changes are reflected in the website with the help of
Arduino and IR Sensors.
1.3 Objective
 To promote land space management
 IOT based Smart Parking Solution will reduce the hectic job of finding the parking space.
 Being an integrated Online System it will reduce paperwork.
 Removes the mediocre and thus reduces corruption.
 Time saving
 As this is a global problem any number users can have access to the whole parking infrastructure at
just one touch.
1.4 Scope
There has been a sudden rise in the problem of space shortage with respect to market places this is in it self a
big problem to deal with and therefore in order this system provides some good solution for this problem
with the existing infrastructure because the we feel that the existing infrastructure is not being used to its full
capacity the options provided by this system are:
 Parking Spot registration.
 Maintain and update unique owner identification.
 Full utilization of the existing parking space.

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  Driving License for every user is must therefore we promote to maintain the License.

Besides this, there are ample scopes to improve this application. Some more features can be added to
establish this application for a social networking application.

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 CHAPTER 2
Literature Survey

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2.1 Existing System
At present there is no online system present in India to book a parking slot for your vehicle in advance.
Some existing applications of same type are present in developed countries and continents like Europe, etc.
But the major requirement for such systems is here with us in countries like ours.
As this problem of time and space management is global so we need a robust structured and organized
system to manage it and so in response to which we come up with our proposed solution of an online
parking slot booking system which helps the user to find a destined parking spot for their vehicles and stops
them from parking the vehicles at the street corners stooping the traffic and pushing them towards making
this world a healthy and prosperous society to live in.
2.2 Proposed System
IOT Based RFID Smart Parking System is an online portal to facilitate the use of internet as a medium to pre
book your parking spot. The whole purpose of the project is bringing an online edge for pre-existing parking
system in order to increase space utilization and decrease the time wasted in search of a good, secure spot for
parking your vehicles.
Through this application, any person interested in parking his/her vehicle at a fixed spot at some fixed time
can register himself as user. Moreover, if any person wants to make a check of slots available for parking at
a certain place at some time, he can also take the help of this system. As soon as any update occurs in the
database, the changes are reflected in all the interfaces used. So, the system provides a simple and quick
interaction among various parking spots connected with our system. The user can get parking spot on
emergency, with the help of the manual registration mode which is no different to the existing system. The
system also provides SMS facility to users through smart phone so that they can get notified with spot
availability.
The application has following features:
 Users need to register themselves and provide necessary details.
 After registration, user can login to the application by their registered email and password.
 The application offers slot availability from different parking spots from which users can choose.
 It will show the number of slots available of a particular destination.
 User can search for their required destination.
 Users can extend their time before being fined for being late.
 An SMS will be send to the users after confirmation of booking.

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2.3 Feasibility Study:
Economic feasibility:
Economic analysis is most frequently used for evaluation of the effectiveness of the system.
More commonly known as cost/benefit analysis the procedure is to determine the benefit and saving that
are expected from a system and compare them with costs, decisions is made to design and implement the
system. In the system, the organization is most satisfied by economic feasibility. Because, if the organization
implements this system, all the transactions of money will be made online which will be completely
transparent for both the parties.
Technical feasibility:
The system offers greater levels of user friendliness combined with greater processing speed. Therefore, the
cost of maintenance can be reduced. 
Behavioral feasibility:
People are inherently resistant to change and computer has been known to facilitate changes. An estimate
should be made of how strong the user is likely to move towards the development of computerized system.
These are various levels of users in order to ensure proper authentication and authorization and security of
sensitive data of the organization.

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 CHAPTER 3
System Analysis and Design

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3.1 Requirement Specification
Hardware Specifications:
 Arduino Nano
 IR Sensors
 16 x 2 LCD Display
 Buzzer
 RFID reader
 RFID Cards
 Servo DC Motors
 9v Power Adaptor
 I2c Converter
 Jumper Wires
Browser Configuration:
Your browser must be configured as follows:
 JavaScript must be enabled
 Cookies must be enabled.
 Pop-up windows must be enabled.
Software Specifications:
 Operating System : Windows 7+
 Python3
 Django
 Modules in python3 to be imported – NumPy, Panda
 HTML, CSS, Java Script
 MySql
 Arduino ide
 C++

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 3.2.1 E-R Diagram

Figure 3. 1: E-R Diagram

The above E-R diagram represents the entity and their attributes of IOT Based RFID Smart Parking System.
The entity and their attributes are as follows:
 User : Email, Name, Phone, Blood, City, Infect, Password
Rfid_Uid is the primary key for the database. The databsase used is MySql.

3.2.2 Circuit Diagram

Figure 3.2: Circuit Diagram

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The above circuit diagram shows the circuit representation of the hardware used it shows the
connection between Arduino and all other devices using jumper wires.

3.2.3 Flowchart Diagram

F
i
g
u
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e

3. 3: Flowchart Diagram

The above diagram shows the flow of working of IOT Based RFID Smart Parking system. User need to first
register themselves with unique email address and password and fill all the necessary details. After
successful registration they can login to the application and search for the destination of parking. If there are
parking slots available at the destination then the user can send the block request. An SMS will be sent to the
user after the confirmation.

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 CHAPTER 4
Proposed Work

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4.1 Module description
User Module:
The app consists only one module that is User module. All the user need to first register themselves with
unique email address and password and fill all the necessary details. After successful registration they can
login to the application and search for the parking slot at a particular destination. If there are parking slots
available at the destination then the user can send the request for blocking the spot. An SMS will be sent on
confirmation of their slot on their registered mobile number.

4.2 Database Description

In IOT Based RFID Smart Parking System we have used MySql database service in which the data is stored
in table format. The entity and their attributes are as follows:
 User : Name, Email, Phone, DOB, License_Number, License_Expiry, Vehicle_Number, Rfid_uid
License_Number is the primary key for the database.
4.2.1 Table Users
Field Name Data Type Constraints / Description
Name Varchar(255)
Phone bigint
DOB Date
License_Number Varchar(255) Primary Key
License_Expiry Date
Vehicle_Number Varchar(255)
Rfid_uid Varchar(255)

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CHAPTER 5
Testing Process

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5.1 Testing Methodology
1. Functionality Testing:
Test Forms are working as expected. This will include-
 Scripting checks on the form are working as expected. For example- if a user does not fill a mandatory
field in a form an error message is shown.
 Check default values are being populated
 Once submitted, the data in the forms is submitted to a live database or is linked to a working email
address
 Forms are optimally formatted for better readability Test HTML and CSS to ensure that search engines
can crawl your site easily. This will include
 Checking for Syntax Errors
 Readable Color Schemas
 Standard Compliance. Ensure standards such W3C, OASIS, IETF, ISO, ECMA, or WS-I are followed.
2. Usability testing:
Usability Testing has now become a vital part of any web based project. It can be carried out by testers like
you or a small focus group similar to the target audience of the web application.
Test the site Navigation:
 Menus, Buttons or Links to different pages on your site should be easily visible and consistent on all
webpage.
Test the Content:
 Content should be legible with no spelling or grammatical errors.
 Images if present should contain an "alt" text
3. Interface Testing:
Three areas to be tested here are - Application, Web and Database Server
 Application: Test requests are sent correctly to the Database and output at the client side is displayed
correctly. Errors if any must be caught by the application and must be only shown to the administrator
and not the end user.
 Web Server: Test Web server is handling all application requests without any service denial.
 Database Server: Make sure queries sent to the database give expected results.
 Test system response when connection between the three layers (Application, Web and Database) cannot
be established and appropriate message is shown to the end user.
4. Database Testing:
Database is one critical component of your web application and stress must be laid to test it thoroughly.
Testing activities will include-
 Test if any errors are shown while executing queries
 Data Integrity is maintained while creating, updating or deleting data in database.
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 Check response time of queries and fine tune them if necessary.
 Test data retrieved from your database is shown accurately in your web application
5. Compatibility testing:
Compatibility tests ensure that your web application displays correctly across different devices. This would
include-
Browser Compatibility Test: Same website in different browsers will display differently. You need to test if
your web application is being displayed correctly across browsers, JavaScript, AJAX and authentication is
working fine. You may also check for Mobile Browser Compatibility.
The rendering of web elements like buttons, text fields etc. changes with change in Operating System. Make
sure your website works fine for various combinations of Operating systems such as Windows, Linux, Mac
and Browsers such as Firefox, Internet Explorer, Safari etc.
6. Performance Testing:
This will ensure your site works under all loads. Software testing activities will include but not limited to -
 Website application response times at different connection speeds
 Load test your web application to determine its behavior under normal and peak loads
 Test if a crash occurs due to peak load, how does the site recover from such an event
5.2 Test Cases and Test Steps
Testing done in the project is described as given below:
Step 1: Three areas to be tested are - Application, Web and Database Server
 Application: Test requests are sent correctly to the Database and output at the client side is displayed
correctly. Errors if any must be caught by the application and must be only shown to the administrator
and not the end user.
 Web Server: Test Web server is handling all application requests without any service denial.
 Database Server: Make sure queries sent to the database give expected results.
 Test system response when connection between the three layers (Application, Web and Database) cannot
be established and appropriate message is shown to the end user.
Step 2: Database is one critical component of your web application and stress must be laid to test it
thoroughly. Testing activities will include-
 Test if any errors are shown while executing queries
 Data Integrity is maintained while creating, updating or deleting data in database.
 Check response time of queries and fine tune them if necessary.
 Test data retrieved from your database is shown accurately in your web application
Step 3: Performance Testing will ensure your site works under all loads. Software testing activities will
include but not limited to -
 Website application response times at different connection speeds
 Load test your web application to determine its behavior under normal and peak loads

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CHAPTER 6
Results

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Results:

Figure 7. 1: UI

This is the Glimpse of our website front page

Figure 7. 2: Book Slot

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The Book Slot Page for selecting the type of vehicle

Figure 7. 3: Advantages of our System

This is the extension of our home page where we describe advantages of our system.

Figure 7. 4: Tab for selecting Location

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This tab is created by using HTML,CSS and Java Script

CHAPTER 7
Conclusions & Future Enhancement

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7.1 Conclusion
The whole purpose of this system is to automatize the existing parking system and make it a more time
efficient by reducing the waiting and finding time for vehicles as our system guides its user to designated
parking spot with the help of google maps api.
We even guarantee space management with the help our app as we realize that the existing infrastructure is
not being utilized to its full capacity due to lack of knowledge and ease of law which creates a blank space
for the rule breakers to park their vehicles at any corner of the road creating a complete mess for the
management responsible.
Our system provides ease of access to every user as it is completely user friendly and even provides secure
transaction from their account providing complete transparency for the transaction.
Our system provides Security of vehicles by authenticating the entry of every person inside the parking
infrastructure with the help of rfid tags.
7.2 Future Enhancements
This project can be further enhanced by developing stronger GUI and there are many more features that can
be added in the application for example- affiliating the parking system with the pre installed rfid for
transaction and vehicle information. The GUI can be made more responsive.
We can develop and deploy a proper application for all our purposes the users can be even notifies if they
are extending the time limit.
We can even add features like automated parking hardware.

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 CHAPTER 8
References & Appendices

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References –

[1] https://www.arduino.cc/en/software
[2] https://arduinogetstarted.com/tutorials/arduino-rfid-nfc-servo-motor#google_vignette
[3] https://www.smartparking.com/about
[4] https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Internet-of-Things-IoT-based-smart-parking-
system-use-case-diagram_fig1_344849646
[5] https://sites.google.com/site/parkingscmanage/dataflow-diagram
[6] https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/projects/control-a-motor-with-an-arduino/
[7] https://techatronic.com/rfid-lock-system-with-servo-using-arduino/
[8] https://thestempedia.com/tutorials/what-is-an-ir-sensor/
[9] https://netbeans.apache.org/kb/docs/ide/mysql.html#:~:text=To%20connect%20to
%20the%20database,to%20connect%20to%20the%20server.
[10] https://lastminuteengineers.com/how-rfid-works-rc522-arduino-tutorial/
[11] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050916000193

APPENDICES
A. Details of software and Services Used :
Pycharm:
PyCharm is an integrated development environment (IDE) used in computer programming, specifically for
the Python language. It is developed by the Czech company JetBrains. ... PyCharm is cross-platform, with
Windows, macOS and Linux versions.
MySQL :

MySQL is a fast, easy-to-use RDBMS being used for many small and big businesses. MySQL is developed,
marketed and supported by MySQL AB, which is a Swedish company. MySQL is becoming so popular
because of many good reasons −

 MySQL is released under an open-source license. So you have nothing to pay to use it.
 MySQL is a very powerful program in its own right. It handles a large subset of the
functionality of the most expensive and powerful database packages.
 MySQL uses a standard form of the well-known SQL data language.

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  MySQL works on many operating systems and with many languages including PHP, PERL,
C, C++, JAVA, etc.
 MySQL works very quickly and works well even with large data sets.
 MySQL is very friendly to PHP, the most appreciated language for web development.
 MySQL supports large databases, up to 50 million rows or more in a table. The default file
size limit for a table is 4GB, but you can increase this (if your operating system can handle it)
to a theoretical limit of 8 million terabytes (TB).
 MySQL is customizable. The open-source GPL license allows programmers to modify the
MySQL software to fit their own specific environments.
Fast2SMS:
Fast2SMS is a popular bulk SMS service provider in India. Famous for its performance driven messaging
services, you can expect a high quality SMS services from us. ... Mainly there are two types of methods by
which you can send bulk SMS.

B. Steps taken while executing project hardware:

Devices Used:
1. Arduino Nano
2. RFID Reader
3. RFID Card
4. IR Sensor
5. LCD Display 16x2
6. I2C Modifier
7. Jumper Wires
Backend:
Arduino ide
C++

Libraries used:
Servo.h
Dumpinfo

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