Inversions teorie explicata detaliat

Pentru a forma inversiunile, avem doua variante/reguli generale:

1. trecem, in inversiune, timpul verbului din varianta cu topica obisnuita, la forma interogativa;
ca si cum dupa adverbul negative am forma o intrebare cu timpul din prima varianta.
Ex. 1: Jane left early for her journey and managed to finish all her work.
Intrebarea la past simple se formeaza cu DID + Subiect + verba fara „to” ( infinitiv scurt) =>
„left” devine „leave” dupa „did”
 Not only (adverb negativ) DID Jane leave early for her journey but also managed to
finish all her work.
= nu doar.......................................ci și
Ex. 2: Jane has written 50 pages today and has read 200 pages about marketing.
Has written/ has read = present perfect
Intrebarea la present perfect:
HAS (pentru a3a persoana singular) + Subiect + vb a3a forma/ vb –ed
HAVE (pentru celelalte persoane, exceptand a3a sg) + Subiect + vb a3a forma/ vb –ed
 Not only has Jane written 50 pages today but also has read 200 pages.....
2. schimbam pozitia normala din topica de zi cu zi a verbului si subiectului
Topica normala la afirmativ: Subiect + verb = rest
Inversiune: rest/ expresii adverbiale de loc, timp, mod/ expresii prepozitionale (suddenly
down/upstairs/ up in the air etc) + verb + subiect.
Topica normala afirmativ: The bikers cycled up the hill.
 Up the hill (accentuam locul) cycled the bikers.
A couple was walking down the streets.
Down the streets was the couple walking.
Daca timpul este important: At 5Pm Sara tried to call the police. Ora/expresia de timp +
subiect+ verb

 subiectul se pune intre do/does si verb fara „to” la present simple

At that window does Sara (often) stare. * adverbele de frecventa often, rarely, seldom,
frequently, always, usually etc isi pastreaza topica intre subiect si verb
  subiectul se pune intre did si verb fara „to” la past simple
At the main entrance did the thief shoot the president.
 subiectul se pune intre was/ were si vb-ing la past continuous
 subiectul se pune intre am/is/are si vb-ing la present continuous ( Over there are the kids
playing)
 subiectul se pune intre will/can/may/might/should/would si verb fara „to” (infinitiv scurt)
To the Baleares would I like to leave sooner or later.
 subiectul se pune intre will si be+ vb-ing la future continuous
Around that table will the members of the committee be sitting tomorrow from 5 to 7
PM.
 subiectul se pune intre have/ has si been+ vb-ing la present perfect continuous
In the back yard have the kids been playing football for 3 hours today.

Inversiuni dupa adverbele negative

 se realizeaza trecand dupa adverbul negativ topica din intrebare

I have seen such a great film yesterday. => Have I seen?

Never have I seen such a great film before.

Hardly Hardly had I got into bed when the telephone rang.
Never Never had she seen such a beautiful sight before.
Seldom Seldom do we see such an amazing display of dance.
Rarely Rarely will you hear such beautiful music.
Only then Only then did I understand why the tragedy had happened.
Not only ... but Not only does he love chocolate and sweets but he also smokes.
No sooner No sooner had we arrived home than the police rang the doorbell.
Scarcely Scarcely had I got off the bus when it crashed into the back of a car.
Only later Only later did she really think about the situation.
Nowhere Nowhere have I ever had such bad service.
Little Little did he know!
Only in this way Only in this way could John earn enough money to survive.
In no way In no way do I agree with what you're saying.
On no account On no account should you do anything without asking me first.
*** hardly, barely, scarcely, no sooner sunt urmate de past perfect. Doar “no sooner” poate fi
folosit si cu past simple

*** Dar, in urmatoarele exemple, dupa adverbele respective facem inversiunea doar in a
doua parte a frazei

Not until Not until I saw John with my own eyes did I really believe he was safe.
Not since Not since Lucy left college had she had such a wonderful time.
Only after Only after I'd seen her flat did I understand why she wanted to live there.
Only when Only when we'd all arrived home did I feel calm.
Only by Only by working extremely hard could we afford to eat.

Inversiune dupa so + adjectiv...that

 So + adjectiv + was/were/is/are + Subiect + that + restul neschimbat => pentru

adjective se foloseste verbul „ to be” to be like...../ somehow.....

 So + adverb + do/does/did/has/have/had/will/can/might/could/should Subiect + that

+ restul neschimbat

 So+ adverb + was/were + Subiect + that + restul neschimbat pentru timpuri

prezent sau trecut continuu

-> adverbele se refera la verb, la actiune si atunci jonglam cu auxiliarele sau

modalele ( can, may etc) ( was/were/did/does/do etc)

Cu adjectiv:

So beautiful was the girl that nobody could talk of anything else.
(Topica normala: the girl was so beautiful that nobody could talk of anything else.)

So delicious was the food that we ate every last bite.

(Topica normala: the food was so delicious that we ate every last bite.)

Cu adverb:

So fast did the eagle fly that he couldn’t catch its sight and take a good picture.
 So beautifully could the girl sing that everyone remained speechless.
So amazingly were the kids acting in the play that they won the first prize.

**** Adverbele de timp de ex: never, rarely, seldom se utilizeaza cu present perfect,
past perfect sau cu verbele modale „can” si „could”

Seldom has the team given a worse performance.

Rarely had I had so much responsibility.

- De cele mai multe ori, contin forme de comparativ in inversiune

*** Adverbul „little” = putin, cere inversiune dupa el

Little does the government appreciate what the results will be.

 Little + does/ do/ did/will/can/ may etc + Subiect + verb fara „to”
 Little + has/have/had + Subiect + verb forma a3a/ verb-ed

*** ” Such” folosit cu sensul de „so much/so great”

 Such + was/were/are/is + subiect + that...........
Such was the fear of the girl when she saw the tiger that she couldn’t even move her feet.
Such was the power of the water that it destroyed the village.

Only if
„Only if” inseamna „ only one condition happens" (doar daca se indeplineste o conditie).
In acest caz, este echivalent cu „if” iar accentul cade pe rezultat.
You can go out only if you do your homework. – topica normala
Here, there is just a condition of doing homework. Then, he can go out. If he doesn't do his
homework, he cannot go out.

Inversiune cu „Only if”

Cand „only if” este la inceputul propozitiei, facem inversiunea in propozitia principala, in a doua
parte a frazei
Only if you study hard can you be successful.
(You can be successful only if you study hard)
Only if she promises me will I let her go home.
Only if we are members can we enter this golf club.