Conflicts, civil rights and integration ‘Skil with performance m Recognize the civil rights movements under the framework of the integration processes and intemational trite: cooperation Social movements Segregation, abuse and inequality are some of the injustices that have brought people of different origins and realities together in the fight for fairness. Marginalized groups — women, children, the black community, and Indigenous cultures— have struggled to be included in society. Youth movements During the 1960s, western youth became unprecedentedly activist. They wanted to build a more open and tolerant world. They felt the need to transform society. May 1968 in France The date is etched in history. French students wanted university reform. On May 1, a group of students occupied classrooms at Nanterre University; students of the Sorbonne took the Latin Quarter and put up barricades with the cobblestones from the streets. The confrontation with the police was a pitched battle. Workers joined the protest. The hippies After various concessions, resignations and attempts to break up the protests, the May ‘68 movement was disbanded. However, its ideals remained at the forefront of the demands of students, intellectuals and in the chronicles of the struggle, which were replicated in other parts of the world. 1968 in Mexico City The student protest held in October 1968, with intellectuals, teachers and housewives joining the effort, ended with one of the most impressive massacres of that century. In Mexico City, students protested against the authoritarian government of Diaz Ordez and also brought ideas from the protests in Paris. The protest assembled in the Plaza de las Tres Culturas, in Tlatelolco. A government helicopter dropped flares, giving the signal to forces on the ground positioned in the streets and nearby buildings, to open fire. There is no official figure of the number of deaths; calculations are between 200 and 500, plus 2,000 imprisoned and others missing Love and peace were the principles of the hippie movement that arose in 1966 in California. This trend spread throughout the world. To escape the rules imposed by society, the hippies opted to live in communes, which were self-sufficient. This movement operated on a number of levels; some hippies adopted only the outward characteristics, such as fashion, music and drug use, while others embarked on the search for inner change through pacifism and meditation.The feminist movements Another group that remained on the margin of society were women, given the androcentrism that is at the root of the norms, beliefs and the structure of society. Glossary The feminist movement is also a diverse movement, which has been Satghec ners canes active for a long time and is characterized by different objectives: {ole inthe wert, in some have fought for political rights, others for equal treatment and history, and in life working conditions, others to break cultural impositions and prejudices, questioning the gender roles that societies have traditionally assigned to men and women. Women’s movements in Latin America Starting in 1980, the women’s movements in Latin America took on their own identity, rooted in the social, economic and ethnic realities that characterize the region. Women fought for issues such as parental custody or the reform of discriminatory laws. Achievements In recent decades, women have achieved better conditions and guarantees in the workplace. Their awareness of the need to participate has led to contributions on crucial issues like environmentalism, development, ethnic questions, etc. -Beginn the soe Legal rights A The fight for women to vote First female Soviet astronaut Plaza de Mayo mothersAfro-descendant movements in America Martin Luther King Jr. The racial discrimination experienced by the black community in the US sparked one of the most relevant movements of the 1950s and 1960s the fight for the recognition of the civil rights of Aftican-Americans. Its leader was Martin Luther King. His methods to achieve integration were boycotts, passive resistance, marches, non-violent protests and sit-ins in parks, bars, pools, schools and hotels which had segregation. In August 1963, he organized a march on Washington, in which 250,000 people participated, to pressure the US Congress to recognize equal civil rights. Crowd in Washinaton, 1963 ‘Afro-descendant movements today Today, these movements take a regional approach. In the beginning Martin Luther King was the icon that gave light to the African-American Ta vil rights movement. Following this, each Latin American region began identifying their own issues. Watch the documentary fon the March on The First Congress of Black Culture in the Americas was held in 1970. Washington In 1980, UNESCO organized in Barbados, the African Negro Cultural Presence in the Caribbean and in North and South America, in which figures of the Afro-descendant movements, and African intellectuals participated The World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, organized in Durban, South Africa, in 2001, was a milestone in the international arena. Latin American movernents came away strengthened, as the conference consolidated various important social networks, such as the Strategic Alliance and the Afro-Caribbean and Afro Latin-American Women’s Network, In recent decades, they have sought to raise awareness and to rescue their cultural identity; to bring back the music, dance and religion of their ancestors —which survives in the living cultures of today— which has driven their demand for recognition. African-Americans are different and want to be recognized as such.This wave began in the first decades of the 20 century, with movements lke the one led by Emiliano Zapata, who fought for agrarian issues. Today, they represent a clear expression of political organization and empowerment. The geographic aspect is fundamental for their cohesion. The Coordinadora Andina de Organizaciones Indigenas was founded in Cusco in 2006, with the presence of eleven Andean Indigenous associations, In 2009, at the Global Social Forum in Brazil goals were adopted addressing environmental (water and land), moral, cultural, political, governmental, raligious, economic, scientific and gender issues, among others (One ofits major achievements has been the creation of plurinational states, such as Ecuador and Bolivia, whose Constitutions state the principles of in eee) ZABALA ALVAREZ SOFIA RAFAELA Dae ere ateasay UL e PROANO LAIME EMILY ANAH! RODRIGUEZ SANCI STAN ESO) SIRENKO ADEL Coed UCase) ENV erally PNA oT) Casco LN eB CaLU TN EGE SEAL ALIN usion of cultural and language diversity perry) Tene toes omer etoc naman CASTRO YANEZ ALEJANDRA ESTEFANIA ROMO CORONEL MATEO EMILIO Cer HERDOIZA TINTA AMELIA ELIZABETH Voted Me STEN aC eda eS Pivasia OSA MLN ey