EL100: Introduction to linguistic

Final module

Exercise :
I. Definition

1. Phonology - is the study of the way speech sounds are structured and how these are combined to
create meaning in words phrases and sentences.
2. Phonetics - is a branch of linguistics that studies how humans produces and percieve sounds, or in
the case of sign languages, the equivalent aspects of sign.
3. Phonemes - Is the smallest unit of sound which is significant in language.
4. Intonation - is the way the pitch of your voice goes up and down as you talk or reciting something
by singing it.

II. Phonetic symbols.

Ex. bet: [bet]

1. bite : [bit]
2. dime : [dim]
3. Wives: [ wiv]
4. Sigh: [si]
5. dime : [dim]
6. rye : [ri]
7. writhe : [rith]
8. lives: [liv]
9. bribe : [brib]
10. ripe: [rip]

III. Stress

Example : Subject

1. Amended

2. Emphatic

3. Accuse

4. Genius
5. Confirm
6. Appreciate

7. Authoritarian

8. Invoke

9. Demonstrable

10. Confront

EL100 : Introduction to linguistic

Final exam
JUDY ANN A.ALBACITE
BSED / FIRST YEAR

I. Essay

1. Discuss phonology

Phonology is a branch of linguistics that studies how languages or dialects systematically organize
their sounds (or constituent parts of signs, in sign languages). The term also refers to the sound or sign
system of any particular language variety. At one time, the study of phonology only related to the
study of the systems of phonemes in spoken languages. Now it may relate to:

(a) any linguistic analysis either at a level beneath the word (including syllable, onset and rime,
articulatory gestures, articulatory features, mora, etc.), or
(b) all levels of language where sound or signs are structured to convey linguistic meaning.[1]
Sign languages have a phonological system equivalent to the system of sounds in spoken languages.
The building blocks of signs are specifications for movement, location and handshape.
.
Phonology is to study the rules for combining phonemes and what happened due to this
combination.
Phonetics contains consonant, vowels & diphthongs. It’s also used in language and linguistics rules
that specify how the phonemes are organized into syllables, words, and sentences
All languages have vast variety of speech sound. Phonology have essentials terms in which each of
them show the difference between how phonology is differ than phonetics as its not responsible for
how to articulate. These phonological terms known as : phoneme , allophone, clear & dark l ,
syllabic l, minimal pairs , assimilation ,linking r , intrusive r, aspiration , consonant structure &
syllable structure.