Motor Vehicle Engineering

Content
 Chapter- One - Introduction
 Classification of Motor vehicle
 Characteristics of Ground Vehicle
 Transmission of Motion to Wheel
 Chapter- Two- Pneumatic Tires and wheels
 Introduction
 Tire parts and types
 Tire Sidewall information
 Wear pattern
 Introduction to Tire dynamics
Content
 Chapter-3 - Suspension System
 Introduction
 The role of a vehicle suspension
 Suspension types
 Suspension components
 Introduction to suspension Dynamics

 Chapter-4 - Power Train

 Clutch
 Sliding mesh and synchromesh gear box
 Automatic transmission
 Drive shaft
 Final drive and axles
Content
 Chapter-5- Road performance of Motor vehicle
 Forces acting on motor vehicle
 Traction Force & Traction characteristics
 Acceleration performance
 Resistance Forces
 Equation of Motion

 Chapter-6 - Braking System

 Hydraulic braking system with and without booster
 Braking moments for shoe and disc brakes
 Anti-Lock braking system (ABS)
Content
 Chapter-7 - Steering System
 Kinematics condition for steering and steering mechanism
 Steering gearbox
 power assisted steering

 Chapter-8- Vehicle Frame Construction

 Types of Frames
 Forces acting on Chassis
Content
 Laboratory Experiments
 Suspension Models Study
 Power train models study
 Braking models study
 Steering model study
 Project work
 Automatic Transmission
 Anti- Lock Brake (ABS) system
 Bose Suspension& Magneto-Rheological Technology
 Steer by wire system
 Assessment/Evaluation
 Mid Exam 25 %
 Project 25 %
 Final Examination 50 %
 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
Definition
 Motor Vehicles – (conveyance) used for
transporting goods or passengers or fulfilling
specific functions on land.
 Motor vehicles are supported by the ground, as
contrasted with aircraft and marine craft that in
operation are supported by air or water.
 Automobile (US) = Car - An object which moves
or propels by itself on its own is known as Auto-
Mobile
General Classification
Classification of MV
 Type of roads
 Guided Motor vehicles
 are constrained to move along a fixed path (guide
way), such as railway vehicles and tracked levitated
vehicles
 Non-guided motor vehicles
 can move, by choice, in various directions on the
ground, such as road and off-road vehicles.
 The non-guided motor vehicles are the subject of
this course.
Classification of MV
 Running gear
 Single-Track Motor vehicles
 Motor vehicles with 2 wheels with or without sidecar.

 Multi-Track Motor vehicles

 Motor vehicles with three or more wheels.
 Motor vehicle with Caterpillar
 Tractor fitted with the endless belt passing round
the wheels enabling it to travel over rough ground.
Classification of MV
 Single-Track motor vehicles
 Examples
 Motorcycle - Any two-wheeled vehicle with or without
sidecar, equipped with a propelling engine.

 Moped - Motor cycle with pedals and a petrol engine of

low power (VE < 50 cm3 ).

 Scooter - Light motor cycle, usually with small wheels, a

low seat and a metal shield protecting the driver's legs.
Classification of MV
 Single-Track motor vehicles
motorcycle Moped

Motorcycle with sidecar

Scooter
Classification of MV
 Multi-Track motor vehicles
 Saloon-car (sedan) - where the area for the driver and
passengers is closed off from the luggage and engine areas.
 Hatchback - car with a large sloping back, hinged at the top,
that opens like a door.
 Pick - up (also Pick-up truck) - small van or truck, open and
with low sides, used by builders, farmers, etc.
 Van - covered vehicle, with no side windows, for transporting
goods or people.
 Lorry (US Truck) - large strong motor vehicle for
transporting goods, soldiers, etc by road.
 Classification of MV
 Multi-Track motor vehicles

Hatchback
3 wheels Motorcycle Saloon-car (sedan)

Pick - up (Pick-up truck) Van Lorry (US Truck)

Classification of MV
 Caterpillar tractor (off road vehicles)
 Tractor fitted with the endless belt passing round the
wheels of a tractor enabling it to travel over rough
ground.
Classification of MV
 Passenger car
 Motor vehicle intended for carrying max 9
passengers with luggage.
Classification of MV
 BUSES
 are used to transport people.
 The capacity of buses is more than 9 passengers and luggage.
 Buses fall into one of the following 4 categories, depending upon
the intended use.
 Microbus
 The capacity of microbuses is approx. 25 passengers.

 City buses ( Urban buses ) :

 are designed and equipped for driving regularly scheduled in-city and
suburban routes.
 Due to short intervals between stops in local traffic, facilitation of rapid
passenger turnover by means of low steps, wide doors and as low a vehicle
floor as possible, is particularly important.
Classification of MV
 BUSES
 Overland buses ( Urban coach ) :
 The design of overland buses represents a compromise
between the city bus and the tour bus. Standing room is
available in the aisle for short trips, and the vehicle is
equipped with small compartments for luggage.
 Tour buses ( Long-distance coach ) :
 are designed to provide a comfortable ride over long
distances.
 Tour buses have large luggage compartments from front to
rear below the floor
Classification of MV
 5) Buses BUSES
Microbus

Articulated bus
Tour bus

Double-decker public bus

Classification of MV
 Transport Vehicles: Transport vehicles are further classified

 According to the type of body:

 General-purpose cargo trucks : with an open drop-sided body used for carrying
bulk and packaged goods.
 Special-purpose trucks : with bodies adapted for a certain kind of work, e.g.
dump trucks with tiltable bodies used to carry viscous and bulk materials, or with
bodies specially adapted for transporting peat, cement, mixed fodder, grain, cotton,
cattle, gasoline, milk, etc.

 According to the load capacity :

 Extra-light duty trucks : up to 0.75 t , built on the chassis of passenger cars and
used for deliveries of light loads in the communication and communal services and in
trade.
 Light-duty vehicles : from 0.75 to 2.5 t , that work in trade, at industrial enterprises
and in agriculture, hauling light loads. They also serves as cargo taxis.
Classification of MV
 According to the load capacity :
 Medium-duty trucks : from 2.5 to 5.0 t , mostly carrying loads
for organizations and enterprises with a moderate cargo traffic.
 Heavy-duty trucks : from 5.0 t to 10.0 t , used on hard surface
roads for carrying building materials, fuel, and products
manufactured by large industrial enterprises.
 Extra-heavy-duty vehicles : above 10.0 t , for work in ore and
coal mines and at big construction projects with a large amount
of steady cargo traffic. As a rule, these vehicles are diverted
from public highways.
Classification of MV
Flat bed Truck Transport Vehicles

Off-road deep Truck

Tractor-trailer rig

Dump Truck
ISO Classification
 ISO3833 classifies ground vehicles in 7 groups:
 Motorcycles
 Passenger cars
 Busses
 Trucks
 Agricultural tractors
 Passenger cars with trailer
 Truck trailer/semi trailer road trains
FHWA Classification
 The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) classifies road
vehicles based on size and application.
 All road vehicles are classified in 13 classes
 Motorcycles
 Passenger cars, including cars with a one-axle or two-axle trailer
 Other two-axle vehicles, including: pickups, and vans, with a one-axle
or two-axle trailer
 Buses
 Two axle, six-tire single units
 Three-axle single units
 Four or more axle single units
FHWA Classification
 Four or fewer axle single trailers
 Five-axle single trailers
 Six or more axle single trailers
 Five or less axle multi-trailers
 Six-axle multi-trailers
 Seven or more axle multi-trailers
Automobiles Systems
 The basic systems/ Parts of automobiles
 Power plant
 Engine
 Drive train
 Clutch, gear Box, Shaft and Differential
 Electrical System
 Ignition, Starting Lighting and battery
 Wheels and tires
 Suspension System
 Steering System
 Braking System
Power Transmission
 Any Automobile consists of Power-train and Non
power-train components.
 Power-Train components
 Parts involved in the process of generating power to
converting it to Motion
 Non Power-Train components
 Parts like Body, Frame and Steering
Drive Train
 Indicates the power flow of motor vehicle from engine to
driving wheels
 The main components of drive train:
 Engine-Clutch-Transmission-Driveshaft-Differential-
Wheels
Drive Train Configuration
 Two wheels Drive (2WD)
 Front engine rear wheel drive
 Front engine front wheel drive
 Engine & transmission cross mounted
 Engine behind transmission
 Engine in front of transmission
 Rear engine rear wheel drive
 Four wheel drive (4WD)
 Six wheel Drive (6WD)
Arrangement of Power Train
 Different engine- and drive line-arrangements

Front engine with Rear engine with

Front engine with
front wheel drive rear wheel drive
Rear wheel drive

4WD Truck 6WD, Truck

4 WD, Car
Drive Train Configuration
 Front engine rear wheel drive
Drive Train Configuration
 Front engine front wheel drive
 Engine & transmission cross mounted

 Engine behind transmission

Drive Train Configuration
 Front engine front wheel drive
 Engine in front of transmission

 Rear engine rear wheel drive

Drive Train Configuration
 Four wheel drive Six wheel Drive

Transfer Case

Transmission
Power Train Efficiency
Characteristics of Ground Vehicle

 The main objective of studying mechanics (Dynamics) of

Ground vehicle is to establish guiding principles for
 Rational Development
 Design
 Selection of vehicles
 In general, the characteristics of a ground vehicle may be
described in terms of its
 Performance
 Handling
 Ride
Characteristics of Ground Vehicle
 Performance Characteristics
 Refers to the ability of the vehicle to accelerate, to drawbar pull,
to overcome obstacles and to decelerate
 Handling Qualities
 Are concerned with response of the vehicle to the driver’s
commands and its ability to stabilize its motion against external
disturbances
 Ride Characteristics
 Are related to the vibration of the vehicle excited by surface
irregularities and its effects on passengers and goods
 Drive, Vehicle & Environment
Ground
Visual and Other
Conditions
Inputs

Accelerator
PERFORMANCE
Brakes

Driver

Steering system HANDLING

VEHICLE

Surface
RIDE
irregularities

Aerodynamic inputs
CHAPTER ONE

The End