Successful UNZABREC Submission Example

Example of Successful UNZABREC Submission
This is an example of a successful UNZABREC submission done by one of our students. It can
serve as a reference to you when preparing for your ethical clearance submission.
The documents submitted are as follows:
1. Details of submitted documents

2. Research Proposal
3. Informed Consent form
4. Assent Form
5. Letter of Introduction
6. Payment Slip
Please use it only for reference, consider the guidance given by your supervisor and advise given
by academic advisers in the process.
All the Best!

UNZA BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH ETHICS COMMITTEE
P.O. Box 50110
Ridgeway Campus
Lusaka
Dear Sir/Madam,
Ref : List of submitted documents
The subject matter refers.
The below listed documents have been submitted for your review
1. Research-protocol
2. Introductory letter (GSB RESEARCH DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENT COVER LETTER)
3. INFORMED CONSENT TEMPLATE
4. Assent Form
5. Proof of payment
Thanking you in advance

Faithfully,
Signature of the student
(name of the student)
Research Study Protocol Date : 26/08/2021
Study Title: Put the title of study
Chief Investigator: Student’s name
Investigators: UNZA
Sponsor: University of Zambia (UNZA)
(Great East Road, Lusaka)
Funder: Student’s name
Chief Investigator Signature: Signature of the student
Statistician Signature: Signature of the student
No potential conflicts of interest are expected in the study.
Confidentiality Statement
This document contains confidential information that must not be disclosed to anyone other than the
Sponsor, the Investigator Team, host organisation, and members of the Research Ethics Committee,
unless authorised to do so.
UNZA, Great Est Road Campus, Lusaka

Protocol signature page
The undersigned has read and understood the trial or research protocol detailed above and agrees to
conduct the trial or research in compliance with the protocol.
Principal Investigator Signature Site name or ID number Date

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. KEY CONTACTS....................................................................................................................................4
2. SUMMARY ..........................................................................................................................................4
3. SYNOPSIS ............................................................................................................................................5
4. ABBREVIATIONS..................................................................................................................................6
5. LITERATURE REVIEW...........................................................................................................................6
6. OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOME MEASURES......................................................................................... 11
7. STUDY DESIGN ................................................................................................................................. 11
8. PARTICIPANT IDENTIFICATION ........................................................................................................ 12
8.1. Study Participants .................................................................................................................... 12
8.2. Inclusion Criteria ...................................................................................................................... 12
9. PROTOCOL PROCEDURES ................................................................................................................ 12
9.1. Recruitment ............................................................................................................................. 12
9.2. Screening and Eligibility Assessment ....................................................................................... 12
9.3. Informed Consent .................................................................................................................... 12
9.4. Registration /Enrolment .......................................................................................................... 13
9.5. Blinding and code-breaking ..................................................................................................... 13
9.6. Description of study intervention(s), comparators, and study procedures (clinical) .............. 13
9.6.1. Description of study procedure(s) ....................................................................................... 13
9.7. Study Visit ................................................................................................................................ 13
9.8. Subsequent visits ..................................................................................................................... 13
9.9. Sample Handling ...................................................................................................................... 13
9.10. Early Discontinuation/Withdrawal of Participants .................................................................. 14
9.11. Definition of End of Study........................................................................................................ 14
10. SAFETY REPORTING ......................................................................................................................... 14
11. STATISTICS AND ANALYSIS............................................................................................................... 14
12. DATA MANAGEMENT ...................................................................................................................... 14
12.1. Study Committees ................................................................................................................... 14
13. PROTOCOL DEVIATIONS .................................................................................................................. 14
14. SERIOUS BREACHES ......................................................................................................................... 15
15. ETHICAL AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS............................................................................... 15
15.1. Declaration of UNZABREC........................................................................................................ 15
15.2. Guidelines for Good Clinical or Research Practice .................................................................. 15

15.3. Approvals ................................................................................................................................. 15

15.4. Other Ethical Considerations ................................................................................................... 15
15.5. Reporting ................................................................................................................................. 15
15.6. Participant Confidentiality ....................................................................................................... 15
15.7. Expenses and Benefits (BUDGET) ............................................................................................ 16
16. FINANCE AND INSURANCE .............................................................................................................. 16
16.1. Funding .................................................................................................................................... 17
16.2. Insurance ................................................................................................................................. 17
16.3. Contractual arrangements....................................................................................................... 17
17. DISSEMINATION PLAN SUMMARY................................................................................................... 17
18. DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW PRODUCT/ PROCESS OR THE GENERATION OF INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY .................................................................................................................................................... 18
19. ARCHIVING....................................................................................................................................... 18
20. REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................... 18
1. KEY CONTACTS
Chief Investigator Student details
Sponsor University of Zambia, Great East Road Campus, Lusaka
Funder(s)
2. SUMMARY
Many United Nations (UN) peacekeeping mission areas lack reliable access to local electric energy grids
and continue to rely on diesel generators as a prime source of energy for operational needs. End-use
energy efficiency presents itself as one of the solutions to reduce energy costs through reducing the
demand for electricity from the diesel generators. Whilst several studies have investigated the
performance of prefabricated buildings prominent in UN missions with respect to energy consumption and
waste during the construction phase, none have assessed the energy performance post installation,
indicating a gap in the existing literature and the need for supplementary scientific analysis.
This case study research endeavours carry out a base line assessment of the existing energy efficiency
design of the UN mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) prefabricated buildings and propose measures aimed

at reducing the cost of energy. The study will also investigate whether Behavioural Energy Efficiency (BEE),
which is one energy efficiency measure, can generate energy savings at Torit UNMISS camp (UN peace
keeping camp).
3. SYNOPSIS
Study Title
Internal ref. no.
Study registration
Sponsor The University of Zambia
(Great East Road campus, Lusaka)
Funder Students name or sponsors name
Study Design 1. Conduct literature review
2. Obtain study approval from management, if approved
3. Carry out a baseline energy efficiency assessment of Torit UNMISS camp
prefabricated buildings ( to establish the base case).
4. From the baseline energy efficiency review study, prepare base case
report.
5. Conduct qualitative research on behavioural energy efficiency using
questionnaire method.
6. From the literature review and qualitative research conducted, select
appropriate energy efficiency measures.
7. Analyse the deemed energy savings from the selected appropriate
energy saving measures.
8. Submit final report
Study Participants UNMISS Torit staff members
Sample Size 80
Planned Study Period Total length of the study : 01/11/2021 to 20/11/2021
Duration of an individual participant’s involvement (intervention phase and
all follow up) : 4 weeks
Planned Recruitment 29/10/2021 to 31/10/2021
period
Objectives Outcome Measures Timepoint(s)
Primary To investigate and Come up with appropriate First 1 month
propose the energy energy saving measures
efficient measures
that can be
employed to reduce
energy costs.
Secondary To investigate To be achieved through (01/11/2021 to
whether qualitative research using the 20/11/2021)
behavioural energy questionnaire system.
efficiency can

generate energy
savings.
Intervention(s) Behavioural energy efficiency (BEE)
Comparator NIL
4. ABBREVIATIONS
BEE Behavioural Energy Efficiency

CI Chief Investigator
CRF Case Report Form
CFL Compact Fluorescent Lamp
ICF Informed Consent Form
LED Light Emitting Diode
PI Principal Investigator
PIL Participant/ Patient Information Leaflet
REC Research Ethics Committee
SOP Standard Operating Procedure
UN United Nations
UNMISS United Nations Mission In South Sudan
5. LITERATURE REVIEW
Many United Nations (UN) peacekeeping mission camps lack reliable access to local electric
energy grids and continue to rely on diesel generators as a prime source of energy for operational
needs. Employing end use energy efficiency measure has the potential to reduce energy costs
through reducing the demand for electricity from the diesel generators. Measures employed to save
energy vary in nature and choice depends on several factors against the so many existing barriers.
Behavioural Energy Efficiency (BEE) is one energy efficiency measure which can generate
energy savings. Cost effective behavioural interventions have shown to induce energy consumers
to take positive steps toward reducing their energy consumption . Although some initiatives have
been launched thus far, behavioural energy-efficiency opportunity remains untapped at Torit
UNMISS camp.
The case study seeks to carry out a base line assessment and review study of the existing Torit
UNMISS prefabricated buildings. This will be followed by analysis and adoption of appropriate
energy efficiency measures for energy costs reduction. A qualitative research, through a
questionnaire system will be conducted to ascertain whether behavioural energy efficiency can
generate energy savings at Torit UNMISS camp.

Keywords
Energy efficiency; Buildings; Behavioural energy efficiency
Introduction (Literature Review)
Many international institutions suggest that energy efficiency (EE) is the best tool to keep
energy demand under control and transition towards a low carbon future (IEA, 2013; European
Commission, 2011; OECD, 2003). This consensus extends to the key role of the residential sector
in this strategy, given that it presents the highest cost-efficient potential for mitigation. It is in fact
on record that if no action is taken to improve EE, global energy demand is projected to rise by
50% by 2020 (IEA, 2013). This substantial increase in energy demand can be attributed to rapid
growth of the construction sector and auxiliary services and rising demands for adequate living
conditions and new products.
Improving energy efficiency in buildings is a major priority worldwide (Diakaki et al.,

2010). The IEA (2013) states that buildings alone consume one third of the global energy
consumption, and that the same share of carbon emissions is either directly or indirectly related to
the residential sector. Furthermore, according to the European Commission (2013), in the
European Union (EU), buildings are responsible for 40% of the global energy consumption and
36% of greenhouse gas emissions, which mainly stem from construction, usage, renovation, and
demolition. Improving energy efficiency in buildings therefore has a key role to play in achieving
the ambitious goal of carbon-neutrality by 2050, as set out in the European Green Deal (A
European Green Deal, 2021).
Energy efficiency is defined as simply using less energy to perform the same task – that
is, eliminating energy waste (Patterson, 1996). EE is a measure of energy used for delivering a
given service. Improving energy efficiency therefore means getting more from the energy that we
use.
Energy efficiency is a policy target and energy efficiency is a mean to reduce carbon
dioxide (CO2) emissions (Vehmas et al., 2018). Therefore, many governments have now made it
a priority to improve energy efficiency levels in buildings and are seeking to promote this
through several different policies. The policies are mostly directed towards the residential sector
and have generally consisted in building codes and standards, and price instruments such as taxes
and subsidies (Markandya et al., 2015).
As renewed attention has been given by policy makers to energy conservation issues, it
has frequently been asserted that an energy-efficiency gap exists between actual and optimal
energy use (Jaffe & Stavins, 1994). Their conclusion was that the diffusion of energy-efficient
technologies influences the optimal level of energy efficiency. Backlund et al. (2012) argue in
their study that efficient technologies are not the only ways to increase energy efficiency and that
a cost-effective way to improve energy efficiency is to combine investments in energy-efficient
technologies with continuous energy management practices.
The inclusion of energy management components in future energy policy therefore plays
an important role if the energy savings targets for 2020, and later 2050 (European Commission,

2021). Therefore, understanding the determinants and the rate at which energy-efficient building
practices diffuse is important for designing policies to affect resource consumption in the built
environment (Kok, 2012).
Energy efficiency measures can be integrated into new construction or retrofitted into an
existing building. For new buildings, current approaches to address energy efficiency focuses
mostly on policy recommendations (Lausten, 2008). Equally important is the improvement or
enhancement of the energy performance for the existing buildings stock.
Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs)
Energy efficiency measures are often considered to be an integral part of any broader
measures to reduce energy and carbon emissions, as minimizing overall network demand
minimizes the amount of electricity generated. EEMs in buildings are meant to reduce the amount
of energy consumed while maintaining or improving the quality of services provided in the
building. Fleiter et al. (2012) stresses that the quality of energy audits affects the adoption of
energy-efficiency measures. Hence, effective regulation should involve quality standards for
energy audits, templates for audit reports or mandatory monitoring of energy audits.
Among the benefits likely to arise from energy efficiency investments in buildings
include:
1. Reducing energy use for space heating and/or cooling and water heating meaning
lower energy costs.
2. Reduced electricity use for lighting, office machinery and domestic type appliances
3. Lower maintenance requirements
4. Improved comfort and enhanced property value.
To promote energy renovation in buildings, there is need to define retrofit strategies

and find cost-effective solutions (Penna et al., 2015) through energy efficient measures.
According to Popescu et al. (2012), energy efficiency measures add on to the economic value of
buildings. This is also supported by Hartenberger et al. (2017) who provides an excellent
overview of valuation definitions and practices that must be considered when understanding the
link between energy efficiency characteristics and the value of buildings in theory.
Some studies indicate that energy efficient technologies can reduce energy use in new
commercial buildings by 20–30% on average and up to over 40% for some building types and
locations (Kneifel, 2010). This calls for the existence of energy efficient technologies to reduce
energy consumption. This belief is also shared by Trianni et al. (2014) who concludes in their
study that the need to increase the diffusion of energy efficiency measures (EEMs) is of crucial
importance to achieve a consistent reduction of energy consumption and greenhouse gases
(GHG) emissions.
Available options for EEMs include the following.

9. Replacement of light bulbs (Retrofitting of existing inefficient light sources with
efficient ones like LEDs).
10. Behavioural Energy Efficiency (BEE).
11. Automation (access control cards, motion sensors in buildings). Smart building?
12. Control of water heaters/geysers (Ripple control, controllable smart thermostats).
13. Reflective roofing
14. Use of energy efficient appliances (Magnetic refrigerators and others etc)
15. Smart plugs
The overview of these technologies and their cost effectiveness will be covered in the final
report.
Behavioural Energy Efficiency
The uptake of energy efficiency measures in the residential sector requires significant
effort on the part of homeowners or residents. Past research has revealed that cost savings and
social interaction motivate energy efficiency behaviour in homes. This is supported by Cole et al.
(2018) who studied what motivates individuals to implement energy efficiency in their homes.
To date, most energy-efficiency programs have focused on realizing the potential of

technical approaches, which include replacements, upgrades, and modifications of equipment and
housing stock. Significant progress has been made in making heating, ventilation, and air-
condition systems and weatherization more efficient. However, these programs are becoming
saturated, leading to a growing concern about the cost-effectiveness of future energy-efficient
efforts. It is therefore clear that capturing energy efficiency’s full potential require new
approaches. Engaging with consumers to reshape their behaviour to reduce energy usage presents
an opportunity.
Behavioural Energy Efficiency, also known as BEE, is one of the most cost-effective
ways for utilities to generate energy savings. BEE employs behavioural science to produce
simple, actionable messages that are relevant to customers and motivate them to save energy.
These messages include information such as how the customer’s energy use compares to that of
similar homes in the same neighbourhood, as well as personalized energy efficiency tips,
providing customers with voluntary ways to save. BEE helps customers or consumers get
engaged and focused on reducing energy consumption and saving money. It also provides system
- wide benefits, such as enabling utilities to defer or avoid costly capital investments in new
generating capacity or transmission and distribution infrastructure.
Examples of behavioural adjustments include turning off lights in unoccupied rooms in a

home and switching off air-conditioning systems when no one is at home, amongst many others.

BEE practices include employing sensors, smart metering, and gateway devices to diagnose how
consumers use energy, and then tailoring this information to suggest energy-saving approaches.
Barriers to Deploying Energy Efficiency
While evidence suggests that there is significant potential for cost-effective investment in
end use energy efficiency, this potential is not being realized in full. Lack of energy awareness
among end energy consumers has been the main obstacle to domestic energy savings. This is
supported by Shogren and Taylor (2008) who highlights 'behavioural failures' by consumers who
do not behave according to rational choice theory. One reason for these behavioural failures is the
lack of knowledge about energy costs even though they represent a significant part of household
income.
Brounen et al. (2013) illustrate this possibility with a survey on 1,721 households in the
Netherlands, in which around 50% of the respondents did not know their energy expenses. Nair et
al.(2010) show that this issue also has negative effects on energy efficiency in Swedish
households given that families that believe their energy expenses are high are more likely to
invest in energy efficiency.
Despite the significant efforts and resources devoted to making energy efficiency
policies, the results have not been as expected. Policy makers therefore need to design and
implement policy that moves the residential sector to become more energy efficient by taking
away the EE barriers.
Hasanbeigi et al. (2010) in their study showed how various energy efficiency policies
can affect the process of decision-making and investment in energy efficiency in industry. The
evidence of the reduced levels of energy efficiency attained through conventional policies raises
the question as to whether the traditional approach, in which consumers have perfect information
and make rational decisions, corresponds to real energy efficiency markets in buildings (Stern et
al., 1987).
Several studies have considered financial barriers to the energy efficient function of
existing residential buildings. High costs of energy efficiency improvements is one of the most
perceived barriers to energy efficiency (Cole et al, 2018). This is also in agreement with Boemi
and Papadopoulos (2019) who argues that households with low income cannot effectively
implement EEMs due to affordability challenges.
Jaffe and Stavins (1994) highlights the divergence between optimal and real energy
efficiency levels as one EE barrier. According to Jaffe and Stavins, optimal energy efficiency
levels are rarely met in a sector characterized by dualities in stock (existing vs. new buildings), in
the use of buildings (commercial vs. residential) and in the preferences of the agents that
participate (owners vs. renters), and this is due to many barriers. The consequence is that energy
efficiency does not reach levels corresponding to the many 'win-win' opportunities existing in the
market, or even to the willingness to pay expressed by consumers.

It is also not likely that all the proposed energy efficiency measures are implemented in
the long run. So, in practice, it is a complicated matter to express exact figures for the
implemented energy efficiency measures explicitly.
Purpose of the Study
The purpose of the study is to reduce energy consumption in UN peace keeping mission camps,
specifically Torit UN base, through implementation of end use energy efficiency measures followed by
recycling as a way of sustaining the energy savings.
6. OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOME MEASURES

i. To carry out a case study review (baseline assessment) of a typical UN peacekeeping mission
prefabricated building and propose the energy efficient measures that can be employed to reduce
energy costs.
ii. To investigate through qualitative research whether behavioural energy efficiency can generate
energy savings.
Objectives Outcome Measures Timepoint(s) of

evaluation of this
outcome measure
(if applicable)
Primary Objective
To reduce energy costs in UN peace Reduced electricity consumption to be Meter reading

keeping missions through end use measured over a period of 6 months (total) at day zero
energy efficiency measures upon implementation of the energy and day 30 after
efficient measures. implementation of
the energy saving
measures.
Secondary Objectives Through literature review, list of First 30 days in the

To investigate and propose the technologies for energy efficiency will be study period
energy efficient measures that can developed, and appropriate ones
be employed to reduce energy
selected.
costs.
To investigate whether behavioural 60 questionnaires will be distributed to
energy efficiency can generate members of staff and thereafter analysed.
energy savings.
7. STUDY DESIGN
The research study endeavours to reduce energy costs through reducing the demand for electricity from
the diesel generators focussing on demand side management.

The study involves carrying out an energy efficiency case study review (baseline assessment) of a typical
UN peacekeeping mission prefabricated building.
A literature review investigation into available technologies for energy efficiency will then be conducted
and appropriate measures recommended for implementation. From the energy efficient measures
selected together with the baseline assessment.
Furthermore, the study includes a qualitative research component using the questionnaire system to
ascertain whether behavioural energy efficiency, which is one of the available energy efficient measures,
can result in energy savings.
The questionnaires will be administered or distributed physically. This method is chosen considering the
smaller sample size and the fact that the respondents are all in one location. Furthermore, there shall
only be three visits to the respondents i.e., when delivering the written questionnaires together with the
consent forms, when collecting the signed consent forms and finally when collecting the questionnaires.
The participants will answer the questionnaire without revealing their identities.
The Respondents targeted will be 80 and will be drawn from staff members in the UNMISS compound.
8. PARTICIPANT IDENTIFICATION
8.1. Study Participants

Study participants will be UNMISS staff members residing in the compound. These are all adult
professionals drawn from UN member countries across the world.
8.2. Inclusion Criteria

• Participant is willing and able to give informed consent for participation in the study.
• Male or Female aged 18 years or above.
• Participant must be in good health.
9. PROTOCOL PROCEDURES
Schedule of procedures and interventions are not applicable for this study.
9.1. Recruitment
Study participating staff members will be identified, approached, screened, and recruited with consent
from Administration.
9.2. Screening and Eligibility Assessment

Screening and registration will be conducted over a period of 1 week. There will be no exceptions made
regarding eligibility, i.e., each participant must satisfy all the approved inclusion and exclusion criteria of
the protocol.
9.3. Informed Consent

The participants will personally sign the Informed Consent form before any study specific procedures are
performed. The Consent form will be presented to the participants detailing no less than: the exact
nature of the study; what will be involved. The participant will be free to withdraw from the study at any
time for any reason without prejudice to future care, without affecting their legal rights, and with no
obligation to give the reason for withdrawal.
The participant will be allowed as much time as wished to consider the information, and the opportunity
to question the Investigator to decide whether they will participate in the study. The written Informed
Consent will then be obtained by means of the participant dated signature and dated signature of the
person who presented and obtained the Informed Consent. A copy of the signed Informed Consent will
be given to the participant. The original signed form will be retained at the study site.
9.4. Registration /Enrolment

The study registration / enrolment of the participants will be drawn from the list of staff members whose
register is kept under the Field Administrator’s Office.
9.5. Blinding and code-breaking

There will be no blinding in the study and no code breaking procedure.
9.6. Description of study intervention(s), comparators, and study procedures (clinical)

There will not be study interventions and comparators.
9.6.1. Description of study procedure(s)

• Develop participant’s register (80 sample size).
• Distribute the questionnaires together with the participant’s consent form to the participant. The
participant will be allowed as much time as wished to consider the information, and the opportunity
to question the Investigator to decide whether they will participate in the study.
• The Informed Consent will then be obtained by means of participant dated signature and dated
signature of the investigator( myself). A copy of the signed Informed Consent will be given to the
participant. The original signed form will be retained by the investigator.
• The questionnaires will then be collected from the participants after 2 - 3 weeks for analysis.
9.7. Study Visit

Behavioural Energy Efficiency (BEE) has the potential to save energy. In this respect, a component of the
research study aims to study the behaviour of staff towards electricity usage in UNMISS buildings and
accommodations. Are the staff energy efficient conscious? This component of the research study will be
achieved through a questionnaire system.
9.8. Subsequent visits

Not applicable
9.9. Sample Handling

Not applicable.
9.10. Early Discontinuation/Withdrawal of Participants

During the study, a participant may choose to withdraw early from the study at any time. This may
happen for several reasons, including but not limited to:
• The occurrence of what the participant perceives as an intolerable act.

• Inability to comply with study procedures.
• Participant decision.
Participants may choose to stop study assessments but may remain on study follow-up. Participants may
also withdraw their consent, meaning that they wish to withdraw from the study completely.
In addition, the Investigator may discontinue a participant from the study at any time if the Investigator
considers it necessary for any reason including, but not limited to:
• Ineligibility (either arising during the study or retrospectively having been overlooked at screening)
• Significant protocol deviation
• Significant non-compliance with study requirements
• Clinical decision where applicable.
9.11. Definition of End of Study

The end of study is the point at which all the study data has been entered and queries resolved. For the
study, it shall be 20/11/2021.
10. SAFETY REPORTING

The study methodology is not associated with any serious adverse events.
11. STATISTICS AND ANALYSIS

The Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP) will be produced separately if needed.
12. DATA MANAGEMENT

The data management aspects of the study will be fully described in the Data Management Plan to be
produced separately. A risk assessment and monitoring plan will be prepared before the study opens
and will be reviewed as necessary over the course of the study to reflect significant changes to the
protocol or outcomes of monitoring activities.
12.1. Study Committees

There will be no committees for the study as it is a small study , logistically simple and short study, hence
low risk.
13. PROTOCOL DEVIATIONS

Any deviations from the protocol will be documented in a protocol deviation form and filed in the study
master file.
14. SERIOUS BREACHES

In the event that a serious breach is suspected, the Sponsor must be contacted within 1 working day. In
collaboration with the C.I., the serious breach will be reviewed by the Sponsor and, if appropriate, the
Sponsor will report it to the approving REC committee and the relevant host organisation within seven
calendar days.
15. ETHICAL AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS
15.1. Declaration of UNZABREC

The Investigator will ensure that this study is conducted in accordance with the principles of the
Declaration of UNZABREC.
15.2. Guidelines for Good Clinical or Research Practice

The Investigator will ensure that this study is conducted in accordance with relevant regulations and with
Good Clinical or Research Practice.
15.3. Approvals
Following Sponsor approval, the study protocol, informed consent form, participant information sheet
and any proposed advertising material will be submitted to an appropriate Research Ethics Committee
(REC) and host institutions for written approval.
The Investigator will submit and, where necessary, obtain approval from the above parties for all
substantial amendments to the original approved documents.
15.4. Other Ethical Considerations

There will not be involvement of vulnerable participants, or participants who are unable to consent for
themselves.
15.5. Reporting
The CI shall submit once throughout the study, or on request, a Progress report to the REC Committee,
host organisation, Sponsor, and funder (where required). In addition, an End of Study notification and
final report will be submitted to the same parties.
15.6. Participant Confidentiality

The study will comply with appropriate regulations which require data to be de-identified as soon as it is
practical to do so. The processing of the personal data of participants will be minimised by making use of
a unique participant study number only on all study documents and any electronic database(s). All

documents will be stored securely and only accessible by study staff and authorised personnel. The study
staff will safeguard the privacy of participants’ personal data.
15.7. Expenses and Benefits (BUDGET)
There shall not be any wages/payments to participants as they are all UN staff members, and neither will
there be any form of compensation.
Budget Period:
Total Amount ( USD)
01/11/2021-01/12/2021
Principal Investigator 0
Staff Salaries
Research Associate 0
Data Entry Clerk 0
Other Wages 0
Total Salaries and Wages 0
Consumable supplies & materials 180

Travel 0
Other operating costs 0
Space rental fees 0
Total Operating Costs 180
Equipment (Multi Printer, Scanner&

250
Photocopier)
Stationary 100
Other Service Facilities 0
TOTAL DIRECT COST 530
INDIRECT COST 0
Subcontractors 0
TOTAL INDIRECT COST 0
Total Budget Cost 530
16. FINANCE AND INSURANCE

16.1. Funding
Considering the low budget , I shall fund the research 100% and provide any other support in kind.
16.2. Insurance
With the low risk & shorter research duration, there is a low probability of a participant suffering harm
because of their involvement in the research and therefore there shall not be any insurance arrangement
. In an unlikely event that this happens, the host organisation UNMISS will cover the insurance as the
participants are staff members on duty.
16.3. Contractual arrangements

Appropriate contractual arrangements will be put in place with all third parties where necessary.
17. DISSEMINATION PLAN SUMMARY
My research finding or product is a research report.
It can be used to reduce the current high energy costs.
My primary end users are UNMISS management (Director – Mission Support, DMS), UNMISS staff, UNZA,
researchers.
I plan to involve users in my dissemination efforts by publishing and presenting research results/report
to UNMISS top leadership, local staff in the project site and other local stakeholders.
I can use the following individuals, organizations, and networks Field Administrative Officer (FAO) – Torit,
UNMISS Director – Mission Support to help.
The ways that I will communicate the results include Print publications (report) and presentations via
Meetings/Conferences.
Potential obstacles that I may face in disseminating my research include the possibility of the study
creating a narrow perception and failing to establish a more expansive awareness of the subject matter
considering that it’s a case study. Also lack of support or limited support from the local administration.
I can mitigate these obstacles by formalizing the study by involving the top UNMISS leadership. Approval
from the top leadership will be sought before embarking on the study.
I plan to evaluate the dissemination plan by getting feedback from the dissemination partners about who
they disseminated the research report to and how many. Obtain feedback from the end user on the
research report and what was needed to translate research findings into practice in their setting.

I plan to encourage feedback from end users and dissemination partners by email and provide feedback
to them by email.
18. DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW PRODUCT/ PROCESS OR THE GENERATION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

Not applicable
19. ARCHIVING
The completed study will be saved in an appropriate file, including location and duration of storage.
20. REFERENCES
Backlund, S., Thollander, P., Palm, J., & Ottosson, M. (2012). Extending the energy efficiency
gap. Energy Policy, 51, 392-396.
Boemi, S. N., & Papadopoulos, A. M. (2019). Energy poverty and energy efficiency
improvements: A longitudinal approach of the Hellenic households. Energy and
Buildings, 197, 242-250.
Brounen, D., Kok, N., Quigley, J. (2013). Energy literacy, awareness, and conservation behavior
of residential households. Energy Economics, 38, 42-50.
Chiu, W. Y., Sun, H., & Poor, H. V. (2012). Energy imbalance management using a robust
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THE UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA
BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH ETHICS COMMITTEE

Telephone: 256067 Ridgeway Campus
Telegrams: UNZA, LUSAKA P.O. Box 50110
Telex: UNZALU ZA 44370 Lusaka, Zambia
Fax: + 260-1-250753
E-mail: unzarec@unza.zm
INFORMED CONSENT FOR INTENDING RESEARCHERS
Title of the proposed study:
Investigators:
Students name
Background and rationale for the study:

In United Nations (UN) peace keeping mission camps, employing energy efficiency measures can
reduce energy costs. In the recent years, the UN peacekeeping missions have been mandated to
consider and manage the environmental impact of their operations. Department of Peace Keeping
Operations (DPKO) and Department of Field Support (DFS) have taken steps to lighten the
environmental footprint across its operational areas world over through energy efficiency, greater
water conservation, waste management and recycling, fuel efficiency, and increased use of
environmentally friendly construction materials among others.
There are energy efficient measures that have the potential to offer solutions for energy saving in
UN peacekeeping missions. The measures, as part of demand side management, are crucial to
achieving reduced energy consumption by end users. This in turn reduces the burden from the
existing power supply system which also reduces unit cost of the energy and reduced carbon
emissions.
The study aims to reduce energy consumption in UN peace keeping mission camps, specifically
Torit UN base, through implementation of end use energy efficiency measures.
Purpose:
The purpose of the study is to reduce energy consumption in UN peace keeping mission camps,
specifically Torit UN base, through implementation of end use energy efficiency measures.
The study objectives include:
1. To carry out a case study review (baseline assessment) of a typical UN peacekeeping

mission prefabricated building and propose the energy efficient measures that can be
employed to reduce energy costs.
2. To investigate whether behavioural energy efficiency can generate energy savings.
The study will employ qualitative research using the questionnaire system to ascertain whether
behavioural energy efficiency, which is one of the available energy efficient measures, can result
in energy savings. The participants will therefore be requested to help in this component of the
research study.
Procedures:
The research study endeavours to reduce energy costs through energy efficiency measures such
as behavioural energy efficiency. A component of the study involves conducting a qualitative
research component using the questionnaire system to ascertain whether behavioural energy
efficiency, which is one of the available energy efficient measures, can result in energy savings.
The questionnaires will be administered or distributed to the participants physically. The
participants will be drawn from the members of staff in the research location and will be required
to answer questions in the questionnaire for further analysis.
Who will participate in the study?
Study participants will be staff members residing in the Torit UNMISS compound. These are all
adult professionals drawn from UN member countries across the world. The expected total
number of participants is 60. Each participant is required to be active in the study for a period of
3 weeks.
Risks/Discomforts:
The research study carries a low risk to participants as it has a shorter research duration (3 weeks)
and almost zero probability of a participant suffering harm. The participants will not incur any
costs from their involvement in the research study. All the risks will be retained and handled
through the contingency budget line.
Benefits
Possible Benefits to the university/body of science
Whilst several studies have investigated the performance of prefabricated buildings with respect
to energy consumption and waste during the construction phase, none have assessed the energy
performance post installation in a peacekeeping mission environment, indicating a gap in the
existing literature and the need for supplementary scientific analysis. Therefore, the study will
help to bridge a gap in the existing literature.
Possible Benefits to The Community
Through the study, awareness of energy efficiency is expected to increase, which will translate in
reduced national energy consumption. Furthermore, carbon emissions are expected to reduce due
to reduced fuel consumption of the diesel generators.
Possible Benefits to The Community
Through the study, awareness of energy efficiency is expected to increase, which will translate in
reduced national energy consumption. Furthermore, carbon emissions are expected to reduce due
to reduced fuel consumption of the diesel generators.
Alternatives:
Cost:
There will be no costs expected to be incurred on the part of the participants. Any possible cost
will be met by the investigator.
Compensation for participation in the study:
The participants will be compensated for participating in the study. The risk involved in the
questionnaire survey is almost zero. However, should need arise, the host organisation will take
up responsibility for any compensation.
Reimbursement:
The study does not involve travelling by the participants and therefore no associated costs in terms
of travel.
Questions:
Both the investigators and the participants in the study research are physically located in the same
location, hence no travel costs.
Questions about participants rights:

Explain how participants who have questions about their rights as research participants can have
their queries addressed.
The questionnaires will be distributed together with the participant’s consent form to the
participant. The participant will be allowed as much time as wished to consider the information,
and the opportunity to question the Investigator to decide whether they will participate in the
study. It is at this stage before they append their signature on the Informed Consent that
participant’s queries as research participants will be addressed if any.
Statement of voluntariness:
The participation in the proposed study is voluntary and participants may join on their own free
will. Participants also have a right to withdraw from the study at any time without penalty.
Confidentiality:
The results of this study will be kept strictly confidential, and used only for research purposes. My
identity will be concealed in as far as the law allows. My name will not appear anywhere on the
coded forms with the information. Paper and computer records will be kept under lock and key
and with password protection respectively.
The interviewer has discussed this information with me and offered to answer my questions. For
any further questions, I may contact the Chairperson, UNZABREC.
STATEMENT OF CONSENT/ASSENT
........................................................................... has described to me what is going to be done, the
risks, the benefits involved and my rights regarding this study. I understand that my decision to
participate in this study will not alter my usual medical care. In the use of this information, my
identity will be concealed. I am aware that I may withdraw at anytime. I understand that by signing
this form, I do not waive any of my legal rights but merely indicate that I have been informed
about the research study in which I am voluntarily agreeing to participate. A copy of this form will
be provided to me.
Name:………………………….Signature of participant ……………………..Age..……………

Date (DD/MM/YY)……………………………
Name of Witness……………………………….. Signature of Witness…………………………

Date (DD/MM/YY)…………………………………………….
Name…………………………Signature of parent or guardian for minors ……………………
Date(DD/MM/YY)…………………………
Name……………………………………..Signature of Interviewer
………………………….Date (DD/MM/YY)………………………...
Assent Form – Master Thesis, University of Zambia
Reducing Energy Costs Through Energy Efficiency Measures. Case Study.

Assent Form
My name is………………. I am trying to learn about how UNMISS can reduce energy costs
through energy efficiency measures. If you would like, you can be in my study.
If you decide you want to be in my study, you will assist to fill in the questionnaire which I will
distribute for your action. The questionnaire will enable me collect information on the research
topic for further analysis.
There are no risks involved in the study as it is short and not too complex. The benefits the study
has is that it promotes awareness on energy efficiency which will in turn lead to energy savings.
Other people will not know if you are in my study. I will put things I learn from you together
with things I learn from others confidential. When I tell other people about my research, I will
not use your name, so no one can tell who I am talking about.
My telephone number is …………. You can call me if you have questions about the study or if
you decide you don’t want to be in the study anymore.
I will give you a copy of this form in case you want to ask questions later.
Signature of Study Participant Date
Signature of Researcher Date

THE UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA
Telephone: +260 211 250871 Graduate School of Business
Email: gsb@unza.zm P. O. Box 32379
Tel/Fax: +260 211 290863 Lusaka, Zambia
TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN
RE: LETTER OFINTRODUCTION
My name is ……………….. a postgraduate student at the University of Zambia – Graduate School of Business
(UNZA–GSB). I am in the final stage (dissertation) of the Master of Business Administration in Project
Management (MBA-PM).
I am undertaking a research titled “Title of study” in partial fulfilment of the degree programme. I am
therefore requesting your indulgence to complete the questionnaire below, which I am using to collect
primary data. The purpose of the research is primarily to investigate and propose to management how
UNMISS can reduce energy costs.
Your responses would be used solely for the purpose of the research.
I thank you for your much needed cooperation.
Yours faithfully

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1. Details of submitted documents

All the Best!

Thanking you in advance

Study Title: Put the title of study

Chief Investigator: Student’s name

Sponsor: University of Zambia (UNZA)

(Great East Road, Lusaka)

Funder: Student’s name

Chief Investigator Signature: Signature of the student

Statistician Signature: Signature of the student

No potential conflicts of interest are expected in the study.

UNZA, Great Est Road Campus, Lusaka

Protocol signature page

Principal Investigator Signature Site name or ID number Date

UNZA, Great Est Road Campus, Lusaka

UNZA, Great Est Road Campus, Lusaka

15.3. Approvals ................................................................................................................................. 15

Chief Investigator Student details

Sponsor University of Zambia, Great East Road Campus, Lusaka

UNZA, Great Est Road Campus, Lusaka

UNZA, Great Est Road Campus, Lusaka

BEE Behavioural Energy Efficiency

UNZA, Great Est Road Campus, Lusaka

Energy efficiency; Buildings; Behavioural energy efficiency

Introduction (Literature Review)

Improving energy efficiency in buildings is a major priority worldwide (Diakaki et al.,

UNZA, Great Est Road Campus, Lusaka

Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs)

lower energy costs.

3. Lower maintenance requirements

4. Improved comfort and enhanced property value.

To promote energy renovation in buildings, there is need to define retrofit strategies

Available options for EEMs include the following.

UNZA, Great Est Road Campus, Lusaka

9. Replacement of light bulbs (Retrofitting of existing inefficient light sources with

efficient ones like LEDs).

10. Behavioural Energy Efficiency (BEE).

12. Control of water heaters/geysers (Ripple control, controllable smart thermostats).

13. Reflective roofing

15. Smart plugs

Behavioural Energy Efficiency

To date, most energy-efficiency programs have focused on realizing the potential of

Examples of behavioural adjustments include turning off lights in unoccupied rooms in a

UNZA, Great Est Road Campus, Lusaka

Barriers to Deploying Energy Efficiency

UNZA, Great Est Road Campus, Lusaka

Purpose of the Study

6. OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOME MEASURES

Objectives Outcome Measures Timepoint(s) of

To reduce energy costs in UN peace Reduced electricity consumption to be Meter reading

Secondary Objectives Through literature review, list of First 30 days in the

UNZA, Great Est Road Campus, Lusaka

8.1. Study Participants

8.2. Inclusion Criteria

9.2. Screening and Eligibility Assessment

9.3. Informed Consent

UNZA, Great Est Road Campus, Lusaka

9.4. Registration /Enrolment

9.5. Blinding and code-breaking

9.6. Description of study intervention(s), comparators, and study procedures (clinical)

9.6.1. Description of study procedure(s)