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, Skin cancer)
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Chronic exposure of liver from viral hepatitis, alcohol abuse or Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis causes
repeated hepatocyte damage and initiates a vicious cycle of cell death and regeneration, ultimately leading
to cirrhosis The resulting genomic instability causes the onset of HCC.
Early symptoms of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Losing weight without trying
Loss of appetite
Upper abdominal pain
Nausea and vomiting
General weakness and fatigue
Abdominal swelling
Jaundice
White and chalky stools
References
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4870992/#:~:text=Chronic%20exposure%20of%20the
%20liver,leads%20to%20initiation%20of%20HCC.
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hepatocellular-carcinoma/cdc-20354552
INSTRUCTIONS: Choose two pathologic conditions from our discussion of the hepatobiliary system and
explain their pathophysiology. (e.g., Cholelithiasis)
Cirrhosis
Ascites
Ascites occurs when the pressure forces between intravascular and extravascular fluid spaces are
disrupted, allowing extravascular fluid to accumulate in the anterior peritoneal cavity.
Chronic parenchymal liver disease (alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis due to viral hepatitis C), malignancy,
and heart failure are the most common causes of ascites.
References
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2271178/#:~:text=Pathogenesis%20and
%20pathophysiology%20of%20cirrhosis,connective%20tissue%20production%20and%20deposition).
https://depts.washington.edu/physdx/liver/path.html#:~:text=Ascites%20occurs%20when%20there%20is,in
%20the%20anterior%20peritoneal%20cavity.