KHILAFAT-E-RASHIDA

PRESENTED BY: MUHAMMAD ANAS & MUHAMMAD AMAR ABBAS

What is khilafat?
Khilafat is a very important concept in Islam. It has important implications in the
political system of Islam. Many important groups have made it a part of their
programme to establish Khilafat.
It is therefore necessary to be clear about the concept of Khilafat has three important
dimensions. In the moral and spiritual sense, Khilafat means that all human beings
are 'Khalifa of Allah' or representatives of Allah on earth. This is the purport of the
verse "Surely, we are going to place our representatives (Khalifa) on earth" [verse 30 :
Sura Baqara]. All human beings are khalifa of Allah though many of them commit sins
and do not act like khalifa. (Ref. : Quran - 6:165; 27:62 and 35:39). This is the spiritual
khilafat in Islam.

Khilafat also means the political system of Islam. This is the most mentioned
dimension of Khilafat. Khilafat, as a system of politics and management of state was
established by the companions of Prophet (SM).  

The third dimension of Khilafat is that it means the form of Government in Islam. The
Ulama have now agreed by and large that in the framework of overall Islamic
political theory, both Presidential and Parliamentary Governments of to-day are
consistent with Islam (Ref. : Islamic Constitution of Iran and Pakistan, Islamic Law
and Constitution by Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi, ).

What is khilafat-e-Rashida?
The city-state of Medina spread in less than 10 years and covered the whole of the
Arabian peninsula.The Holy Prophet was the head of this Islamic State and its
government. He was the Prophet and messenger of allah and the head of government
and state was also the commentator of grand and also the legislator. After the demise,
of Harzat Abu Bakar Siddique became the successor of the government and the state.
He was succeeded by Hazrat Umar Farooq, Hazrat Usman Ghani, and Hazrat Ali. The
government of these four gentlemen was established on the principle and Method
described by the Quran and Sunnah and his government was committed to upholding
the religion of Allah Almighty and carrying out of work of welfare of Allah’s creatures.
These four gentlemen are known as the Righteous Caliphs.
The Rashidun Caliphate is characterized by a twenty-five-year period of rapid
military expansion followed by a five-year period of internal strife. The Rashidun
Army numbered more than 100,000 men at its peak. By the 650s, in addition to
the Arabian Paninsula, the caliphate had subjugated the levant to the Transcaucasus
in the north; North Africa from Egypt to present-day Tunisia in the west; and
the Iranian Plateau to parts of Central Asia and South Asia in the east. The four
Rashidun caliphs were chosen by a small electoral body consisting of prominent
members of the Quraysh tribal confederation called Shura.
The caliphate arose out of the death of Muhammad in 632 CE and the subsequent
debate over the succession to his leadership. Abu Bakr, a close companion of
Muhammad from the Banu Taym clan, was elected the first Rashidun leader and
began the conquest of the Arabian Peninsula. He ruled from 632 to his death in 634.
Abu Bakr was succeeded by Umar, his appointed successor from the Banu Adi clan,
who continued the conquest of Persia, eventually leading to the fall of the Sasanian
Empire in 651. Umar was assassinated in 644 by a Persian slave and was succeeded
by Uthman, a member of the Banu Umayya clan, who was elected by a six-person
committee arranged by Umar. Under Uthman, the conquest of
Armenia, Fars and Khorasan began.
Uthman was assassinated by Egyptian rebels in 656[5] and succeeded by Ali, a
member of Muhammad's Banu Hashim clan, who presided over the civil war known
as the First Fitna (656–661). The war was primarily between those who believed
Uthman was unlawfully killed, supporting his cousin and governor of the
Levant Muawiyah, and those who believed his killing was deserved, supporting the
caliph Ali. The civil war permanently consolidated the divide between Sunni and Shia
Muslims, with Shia Muslims believing Ali to be the first rightful caliph and Imam after
Muhammad, favouring his bloodline connection to Muhammad.[6] Additionally, a
third faction in the war believed both Ali and Muawiyah should be deposed and a new
caliph elected by shura; this faction supported the governor of Egypt Amr ibn al-As.
The war led to the end of the Rashidun Caliphate and the establishment of
the Umayyad Caliphate in 661 under Muawiyah.

Succesion of Muhammad(PBUH):
In the immediate aftermath of the death of Muhammad, a gathering of
the Ansar (natives of Medina) took place in the Saqifah (courtyard) of the Banu
Sa'ida clan.[17] The general belief at the time was that the purpose of the meeting was
for the Ansar to decide on a new leader of the Muslim community among themselves,
with the intentional exclusion of the Muhajirun (migrants from Mecca), though this
has later become the subject of debate.[18]
heless, Abu Bakr and Umar, both prominent companions of Muhammad, upon
learning of the meeting became concerned about a potential coup and hastened to the
gathering. Upon arriving, Abu Bakr addressed the assembled men with a warning
that any attempt to elect a leader outside of Muhammad's own tribe, the Quraysh,
would likely result in dissension as only they can command the necessary respect
among the community. He then took Umar and another companion, Abu Ubaidah ibn
al-Jarrah, by the hand and offered them to the Ansar as potential choices. He was
countered with the suggestion that the Quraysh and the Ansar choose a leader each
from among themselves, who would then rule jointly. The group grew heated upon
hearing this proposal and began to argue amongst themselves. Umar hastily took Abu
Bakr's hand and swore his own allegiance to the latter, an example followed by the
gathered men.
Abu Bakr was near-universally accepted as head of the Muslim community (under the
title of Caliph) as a result of Saqifah, though he did face contention as a result of the
rushed nature of the event. Several companions, most prominent among them
being Ali ibn Abi Talib, initially refused to acknowledge his authority. [17] Ali may have
been reasonably expected to assume leadership, being both cousin and son-in-law to
Muhammad.[20] The theologian Ibrahim al-Nakhai stated that Ali also had support
among the Ansar for his succession, explained by the genealogical links he shared with
them. Whether his candidacy for the succession was raised during Saqifah is
unknown, though it is not unlikely.[21] Abu Bakr later sent Umar to confront Ali to gain
his allegiance, resulting in an altercation which may have involved violence.
However, after six months the group made peace with Abu Bakr and Ali offered him
his fealty.

Hazrat Abu Bakar’s Abu Empire:

Troubles emerged soon after Muhammad's death, threatening the unity and stability
of the new community and state. Apostasy spread to every tribe in the Arabian
Peninsula with the exception of the people in Mecca and Medina, the Banu
Thaqif in Ta'if and the Bani Abdul Qais of Oman. In some cases, entire tribes
apostatized. Others merely withheld zakat, the alms tax, without formally challenging
Islam. Many tribal leaders made claims to prophethood; some made it during the
lifetime of Muhammad. The first incident of apostasy was fought and concluded while
Muhammad still lived; a supposed prophet Aswad Ansi arose and invaded South
Arabia;[24] he was killed on 30 May 632 (6 Rabi' al-Awwal, 11 Hijri) by Governor
Fērōz of Yemen, a Persian Muslim.[25] The news of his death reached Medina shortly
after the death of Muhammad. The apostasy of al-Yamama was led by another
supposed prophet, Musaylimah,[26] who arose before Muhammad's death; other
centers of the rebels were in the Najd, Eastern Arabia (known then as al-Bahrayn)
and South Arabia (known as al-Yaman and including the Mahra). Many tribes
claimed that they had submitted to Muhammad and that with Muhammad's death,
their allegiance was ended.[26] Caliph Abu Bakr insisted that they had not just
submitted to a leader but joined an ummah (‫ُأمَّـة‬, community) of which he was the new
head.[26] The result of this situation was the Ridda wars.
Abu Bakr planned his strategy accordingly. He divided the Muslim army into several
corps. The strongest corps, and the primary force of the Muslims, was the corps
of Khalid ibn al-Walid. This corps was used to fight the most powerful of the rebel
forces. Other corps were given areas of secondary importance in which to bring the
less dangerous apostate tribes to submission. Abu Bakr's plan was first to clear Najd
and Western Arabia near Medina, then tackle Malik ibn Nuwayrah and his forces
between the Najd and al-Bahrayn, and finally concentrate against the most dangerous
enemy, Musaylimah and his allies in al-Yamama. After a series of successful
campaigns Khalid ibn al-Walid defeated Musaylimah in the Battle of Yamama.[27] The
Campaign on the Apostasy was fought and completed during the eleventh year of the
Hijri. The year 12 Hijri dawned on 18 March 633 with the Arabian peninsula united
under the caliph in Medina.[citation needed]
Once the rebellions had been put down, Abu Bakr began a war of conquest. Whether or
not he intended a full-out imperial conquest is hard to say; he did, however, set in
motion a historical trajectory that in just a few short decades would lead to one of
the largest empires in history. Abu Bakr began with Iraq, the richest province of
the Sasanian Empire.[28] He sent general Khalid ibn al-Walid to invade the Sassanian
Empire in 633.[28] He thereafter also sent four armies to invade the Roman province
of Syria,[29] but the decisive operation was only undertaken when Khalid, after
completing the conquest of Iraq, was transferred to the Syrian front in 634.

Succession of Hazrat Umer:

Despite the initial reservations of his advisers, Abu Bakr recognised the military and
political prowess in Umar and desired him to succeed as caliph. The decision was
enshrined in his will, and on the death of Abu Bakr in 634, Umar was confirmed in
office. The new caliph continued the war of conquests begun by his predecessor,
pushing further into the Sassanian Empire, north into Byzantine territory, and went
into Egypt. These were regions of great wealth controlled by powerful states, but the
long conflict between Byzantines and Persians had left both sides militarily exhausted,
and the Islamic armies easily prevailed against them. By 640, they had brought all
of Mesopotamia, Syria and Palestine under the control of the Rashidun Caliphate;
Egypt was conquered by 642, and the entire Sassanian Empire by 643.
While the caliphate continued its rapid expansion, Umar laid the foundations of a
political structure that could hold it together. He created the Diwan, a bureau for
transacting government affairs. The military was brought directly under state control
and into its pay. Crucially, in conquered lands, Umar did not require that non-Muslim
populations convert to Islam, nor did he try to centralize government. Instead, he
allowed subject populations to retain their religion, language, and customs, and he left
their government relatively untouched, imposing only a governor (amir) and a
financial officer called an amil. These new posts were integral to the efficient network
of taxation that financed the empire.
With the bounty secured from conquest, Umar was able to support its faith in material
ways: the companions of Muhammad were given pensions on which to live, allowing
them to pursue religious studies and exercise spiritual leadership in their communities
and beyond. Umar is also remembered for establishing the Islamic calendar; it is
lunar-like the Arabian calendar, but the origin is set in 622, the year of the Hijra when
Muhammad emigrated to Medina.
Umar was assassinated by the Persian slave Abu Lu'lu'a Firuz during morning
prayers in 644.
Eelection of Hazrat Usman:
The committee formed by hazrat Umar Farooq to select the caliph met after his death.
Hazrat Abdul Haman bin Awf suggested that one of us should resign from the
Khilafat and all the others should give him the right to nominate him. Everyone agreed
with this proposal. Hazrat Badal Hama announced his resignation. He asked Ali
separately “if someone other than you is made the caliph who will you vote for?”.
Hazrat Ali said, In favor of Usman. When this question was asked to Hazrat Usman,
he mentioned the name of Hazrat Ali. The rest of the committee members will also vote
in favor of these gentlemen. Hazrat Abdul Haman also sought the opinion of the
people of Medina and people coming out of Medina. The next day the people were
gathered in Masjid e Nabvi. Addressing the people Hazrat Abdul-Rahman said I have
sought the opinion of people which is in favor of Usman. Hazrat Abdul-Rahman
defeated Hazrat Usman on the condition of following Quran and Sunnah and Tareeqi
shaykhs. After that, all the present men went to bait.

Siege of Hazrat Usman:

After a protest turned into a siege on his house, Uthman refused to initiate any
military action, in order to avoid civil war between Muslims and preferred to
negotiate a peaceful solution. After the negotiations, the protesters returned but found
a man following them, holding an order to execute them, at which point, the protesters
returned to Uthman's home, bearing the order. Uthman swore that he did not write
the order and to talk the protesters down. The protesters responded by demanding he
step down as caliph. Uthman refused and returned to his room, whereupon the
protesters broke into Uthman's house and killed him while he was reading the Qur'an.
It was later discovered that the order to kill the rebels did not, in fact, originate from
Uthman, but was, rather, part of a conspiracy to overthrow him.

Crisis and Fragmentation:

After the assassination of the third Caliph, Uthman ibn Affan, the Companions of
Muhammad in Medina selected Ali, who had been passed over for the leadership three
times since the death of Muhammad, to be the new Caliph. Soon thereafter, Ali
dismissed several provincial governors, some of whom were relatives of Uthman, and
replaced them with trusted aides, such as Malik al-Ashtar and Salman the Persian. Ali
then transferred his capital from Medina to Kufa, a Muslim garrison city in current-
day Iraq.
Demands to take revenge for the assassination of Caliph Uthman rose among parts of
the population, and a large army of rebels led by Zubayr, Talha and the widow of
Muhammad, Aisha, set out to fight the perpetrators. The army reached Basra and
captured it, whereupon 4,000 suspected seditionists were put to death. Subsequently,
Ali turned towards Basra and the caliph's army met the rebel army. Though neither
Ali nor the leaders of the opposing force, Talha and Zubayr, wanted to fight, a battle
broke out at night between the two armies. It is said, according to Sunni Muslim
traditions, that those who were involved in the assassination of Uthman initiated
combat, as they were afraid that negotiations between Ali and the opposing army
would result in their capture and execution. The battle thus fought was the first battle
between Muslims and is known as the Battle of the Camel. Ali emerged victoriously
and the dispute was settled. The eminent companions of Muhammad, Talha, and
Zubayr, were killed in the battle and Ali sent his son Hasan ibn Ali to escort Aisha
back to Medina.
Thereafter, there rose another cry for revenge for the blood of Uthman, this time
by Mu'awiya, a kinsman of Uthman and governor of the province of Syria. However,
it is regarded more as an attempt by Mu'awiya to assume the caliphate, rather than to
take revenge for Uthman's murder. Ali fought Mu'awiya's forces to a stalemate at
the Battle of Siffin, and then lost a controversial arbitration that ended with the
arbiter, 'Amr ibn al-'As, pronouncing his support for Mu'awiya. After this Ali was
forced to fight the Battle of Nahrawan against the rebellious Kharijites, a faction of
his former supporters who, as a result of their dissatisfaction with the arbitration,
opposed both Ali and Mu'awiya. Weakened by this internal rebellion and a lack of
popular support in many provinces, Ali's forces lost control over most of the
caliphate's territory to Mu'awiya while large sections of the empire—such
as Sicily, North Africa, the coastal areas of Spain and some forts in Anatolia—were
also lost to outside empires.
In 661, Ali was assassinated by Ibn Muljam as part of a Kharijite plot to assassinate
all the different Islamic leaders in an attempt to end the civil war, but the Kharijites
failed to assassinate Mu'awiya and 'Amr ibn al-'As.
Ali's son Hasan ibn Ali, the grandson of Muhammad, briefly assumed the caliphate
and came to an agreement with Mu'awiya to fix relations between the two groups of
Muslims that were each loyal to one of the two men. The treaty stated that Mu'awiya
would not name a successor during his reign, and that he would let the Islamic world
choose the next leader (this treaty would later be broken by Mu'awiya as he named his
son Yazid I successor). Hasan was assassinated, and Mu'awiya founded the Umayyad
Caliphate, supplanting the Rashidun Caliphate.

Why is it Relevant for Today’s System?

We have entered into the decisive phase of the world. 21 st century, there is a shift in
both physical plane and spiritual dimensions. The word “kufr” that made changes in
the beginning of 20th century after the Federal Reserve Bank, Capitalistic economic
model has created with political democracy in opposition of Communist economic
model and dictatorship. Separated the word in two Pores. There was no time in 1400
years that the Khilafat System was taken down after any war. Gradually, Banking
system, paper currency, in the end of 19th Century, Media / press publication, in the
beginning of 20th century Electronic media jumps in as well. All these systems when
combined and try to normalize in the world, 1st & 2nd world war occurred. They
empowered the ideas of nothing but concepts of madness, obsession and wildness.
Darwinism, liberalism, secularism, freedom of speech, women liberation, democracy,
capitalism. All these systems have killed the soul and humanity of every man and
woman. It is shameful for us that these systems killed more people in the first 50 years
of 21st century, then the last five centuries combined.

Salient Features of Khilafat-e-Rashida:

1. Imperium of Allah Almighty:
The righteous Caliphate was based on the principle sovereignty of Allah,
which means (1) the righteous caliphs considered themselves accountable to
Allah almighty for their deeds. In doing everything he would remember
Allah and pity and would not do anything that would make a large mighty
angry. He did not. Consider himself a ruler, but conceded Almighty as a
ruler and considered the responsibility of caring for his subjects and
running the affairs of Kingdom as a trust from a learn, mighty and fulfilling
all the requirements of his trust in the best possible way. (2) ALlah's law
prevailed. All people, including the caliph, adhere to the Law of God and the
Sunnah of Messenger of God. (3) It was not a personal government and
caliphate did everything in the light of Quran and Sunnah.

2. Shurai Nizaam:
The election of Caliph is carried out on the advice of people. Although the
method of election of four caliphs Rashideen was different, all four were elected
and all the people took the oath of allegiance and sealed their consent to his
appointment. Each of the rightly guided caliph conducted the affairs of the
government and on the advice of the companions and the common Muslims, the
appointment of provincial governors all matters related to the war and the
affairs of the conquered territories. Overall decided by consultation, the
governor who did not. Like the man or the ruler would be removed on the
advice of modulus Ashura, Hazard humor free says there is no caliphate
without consultation except for consultation.

3. Justice & Equality:

In the rightly guided caliphate, the teaching of Islam regarding justice and
fairness were fully implemented. Every person used to get justice and there was no
distinction between rich and poor. Rich and poor, ruler and subject. All were equal
before and low and the low applied equally to all. No one was above the law. The
Caliph also used to stand in the court as a part. To the case in the Rightest
Caliphate, the golden rule of human equality of Islam was fully implemented.

4. Treasury Office:
Whatever was obtained from government sources was distributed to the people
and whatever was left over was kept in the Treasury. The collective property of all
these people, the Khalifa Khalifa, did not have the authority to dispose of it
personally. It with. Great responsibility the Caliph would spend without the advice
of Majlis e Ashura, the caliphs own salary was very meager, which was
determined by the Majlis e Ashura.

5. Welfare State:
In the days of rightly guided caliphate, the Islamic State was in the true sense,
a welfare state. It was the responsibility of the Islamic government to provide
basic necessities to every citizen, poor needy people and destitute children were
given daily breed from Bait ul Maal and in this regard, they were not allowed
to go to Salaam, and non Salaam Herans were protected by qibla.

6. Protection of Basic Rights:

In the rightly guided caliphate, all citizens of the state enjoyed the protection of
fundamental rights, including the protection of life, property and owner, and
the right to freedom and religion. Those who disagreed with the government
also had all the basic human rights. The government protected the basic.
Rights of ordinary people without distinction of color, race, language or
gender.

7. Exemplary Character of Caliphs:

Whatever the system, the real importance lies with the people who run the
system. The most salient feature of rightly guided caliphate is that the
character of rightly guided caliph. Was unparalleled in taking over the Heads
of Government and state during this period. Rashideen were personally
adorned with a very high morals. Pity, honesty, sincerity, overcoming
prejudices. Love for the people and other such qualities were common to all.
Four Caliph Rashideen. Himself worked hard, but provided relief to the people.

8. Freedom of Thoughts & Suggestions:

In the days of rightly guided caliphs, people had complete freedom of
expression in all matters. People used to criticize the policies and actions of the
government without any fear, and this criticism was encouraged by the
caliphs.

9. Strict Check n Balance of Order & Deeds:

 Khilafte Rashideen, kept a close eye on his burgers. Government men and
government officials so that they would not commit any atrocities against the
people. Know governor or officer was allowed to take revenge on the
complains.
10. Social Welfare:
During the Golden Age of Khalifa Rashideen, much attention was paid to
public welfare works. A large number of roads, bridges, mosque and madrasa
etc were built last in the canal. Teachers were appointed for the education of
the children and their salaries were fixed which were paid from the Treasury.

11. Religious Services:

The rightly guided caliphs were also the right religious leaders of the Muslim 1)
compilation and compilation of Quran, the greatest religious service
performed during the time of flight. TS Caliphate is the work of compiling of
Quran. 2) teaching the Quran, efforts were made to find a wide range for the
teaching of the Holy Ground. Leaders were appointed to teach the people the
Quran. Al Hakim. Their salaries were paid from the Treasury. Similarly, books
were set up for the education of the children and teachers were appointed.
There who were paid from the Treasury. It's the hard. During the time of
Khilaft e Rashida many new problems arose which were solved through
Ijtehad. The later Muslims benefited greatly from the rulings that were
formulated through Ijtehad during this period and they were given two new
sources of Shariah Ijma. Khilafat e Rashida, made a religion that deals well
with Presumably. This service of rightly guided Caliphs made Islam a dynamic
and all encompassing.

12. Plenty of Victories:

In the Golden Age of Khilaft e Rashida, Muslims were blessed with many
national victories.
 Social System under Khilafat e Rashida

C0nstruction of Mosques:
Mosques were not only for worship and prayers, but also considered as
centers where loyal followers gathered to discuss social and cultural problem
during the caliphate of Hazrat Umar 4000. Most were constructed from Persia
in the east to Egypt, in the West, massage envy and magic. The lumber
enlarged during the reign of Hazrat Umar, and were Beautified during the
reign of Hazrat Usman.

New Cities were Founded:

During the caliphate of Hazrat Umar, many new cities were founded. These
cities includes Kufa, Basra and fustat. The streets of these cities led to Friday
mosque located in the center of city markets were also established. Cities were
divided. In quarters and each quarter where reserved for particular tribe
during the reign of Hazard over there was. District turn on construction of
grand and lavish building by the rich and elite, which is symbol of justice and
equality of Islam. But later on these restrictions were officially canceled or
harassment because of rising standard of living. Al-Zarrar, Hazrat Usman
huge palace was constructed. From his personal wealth.

Construction of Roads, Bridges, Jails, Shelter, and Meal

Houses:
Many buildings were built for administrative purposes. in Dar ul Amarat
quarters, government offices, and. Residences for officers were cited. Dividends
were constructed to house official records. Bait ul maal was used to house royal
treasures. Jails were constructed for the first time in the Muslim history.
Houses were made for traders and merchants. Roads and bridges were
constructed for public use on road to Mecca and Medina. Wells shelters and
meal houses were constructed for convenience of people who came. 4. Food
stables were made to accommodate 4000 horses. Canals were dug to irrigate
fields as well as provide drinking water. Military works were constructed at
strategic points.

Political System Under Khilafat-e-Rashida

The administrative system of Dar ul Islamia was laid down in the day of Hazrat
Muhammad(PBUH). Hazrat Abu Bakar(RA) stated in his sermon when he was
elected "if I order anything that would go against the order of Allah and his
messenger then don't obey me."

Districts and Provinces:

Under the caliphate of Hazrat Abu Baker, the Empire was not clearly dividend
divided into provinces. Though it had many administrative districts.
Under the Caliphate of Hazrat Umar, the Empire was divided into a number of
provinces.
1. Arabia was divided into Mecca and Medina.
2. Iraq was divided into two provinces Basra and Kufa.
3. Jazira was divided into two provinces Tigris and Euphrates.
4. Syria was a province.
5. Palastine was divided into Aylya and Ramlah.
6. Egypt was divided into two provinces Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt.
7. Persia was divided into three provinces Khorsan, Azarbaijan, and Fars.
During Hazrat Usman reign, The caliphate was divided into 12 provinces.
Madinah, Makkah, Yemen, kufa, Basra, Jazeera, fars, Azerbaijan, Horasan
Syria, Egypt, Maghrib.
During Hazrat Ali reign with the exception of Syria and Egypt, the
remaining ten were under his control, with no change in administrative
organization.
Provinces were divided into districts each of 100 or more districts with main
cities were administrated by governor. But those officers, at provincial level
were,
1- Katib ( the chief secretary)
2- Katib-ud-Diwaan (the Military secretary)
3- Sahib-ul-Khiraaj (the revenue collector)
4- Sahib-ul-bait-maal (the treasury officer)
5- Qadi (the chief judge)
During Hazrat Umer's time of appointment, every officer was required to
swear an oath:
1. He would not write a Turkic horse which was a symbol of pride.
2. He would not wear fine clothes.
3. He would not keep a Porter at his door.
4. He would always keep his door open to the public.

Judicial Administration:
 Judicial Administration was set by Hazrat Umer in order to provide
adequate justice for people. Justice was administered according the
principle of Islam.
Qazi were appointed at all Administrator levels. They were chosen for their
integrity and learning in Islamic law. Qazi also were not allowed to engage
in trade.
Electing or Appointing Caliph:
After the death of Hazrat Muhammad, a meeting took place. At that
meeting, Hazrat Abu Bakar was elected as Caliph by Muslim community.
The Caliph is a temporal ruler appointed to rule within the bounds of Islamic
law.

Accountability of Rulers:
In the rulers meet their islamic responsibilities to the public. The people must
obey their laws, but if they become severely an ineffective, then the caliph or
a ruler must be impeached via Majlis e Shura.
And they will say, “our Lord, we obey our leaders and our chiefs, and they
misled us from the right path overload. Give them double. Punishment you
gave us. And curse them with a very great curse.”

Rule of Law:
Rule of law in relation to nepotism and accountability
Hazrat Aisha narrated that the people of Quresh were worried about the
lady from Banu Makhzam who committed theft. They try to save her from
punishment. On which Holy Prophet(PBUH) said but destroyed nations.
Preceding you the way that if a noble amongst them stole, they would
forgive him. And if a poor amongst them stone they would inflict a large
legal punishment on him by Allah. If Fatima, the daughter of
Muhammad(PBUH) stole, I would cut off her hand. Islamic judge is not
allowed to discriminate on grounds of religion, gender, color, kinship or
prejudice.

Economic System Under Khilafat-e-Rashida

Establishment of Bait-ul-Maal:
Hazrat Omer decided to establish the .Treasury at Medina. A separate building
was constructed for the royal treasury, the Bait ul Maal in large cities, which
was protected by as many as 400 guards. Zakat and Jizya are were collected.
In the Treasury of Islamic government and were used to provide income for
needy and poor.

Economic Resources of the State:

1. Zakat:
Zakat is the Islamic equivalent of luxury tax. It was taken from Muslim in
among an amount of 2.5% of their normal well. Whose annual wealth
exceeded. Minimum level were collected from this nisaab did not include
one's primary residence, primary transportation, etc. Card is one of the five
pillars of Islam.

2. Jizya:
It's a per capita tax imposed on able bodied non Muslim men of military age
since non Muslims did not have to pay the card slaves, women, old monks.
And the powers were all exempt in addition to exemption, some needy non
Muslims were given statements by the state.

3. Fay:
Fay was the income from state land, whether an agricultural land or any land
with any natural mineral resources.

4. Khums:
Khums represented war booty. Four fifth of which was distributed among
serving soldier, while 1/5 was alerted to the state.

5. Kharaj:
Kheraj was tax on Agricultural land.

6. Ushr:
Ushr was a reciprocal 10% on agricultural land, as well as merchandise
imported from states that texted. The Muslims on their products.
Merchandise valued at 200 durhams was not taxed. In case of non Muslim
this rate was 5%. In case of Muslim 2.5% the same as that of the zakat.
Allowance
Beginning of Allowance:
After the Battle of Yarmouk And Battle of al Qadsiyyah. the Muslims won
heavy spoils filling the coffers of Medina.
The main provision of the final scale of allowance per or approved by
Hazrat Omer were:
1. The widows of Hazrat Muhammad 1200 dirham each.
2. Abbas ibn Abdul mutallab (uncle) of Hazrat Muhammad(PBUH) 7000
Durham.
3. The grandson of Hazrat Muhammad Hasan Ibn Ali and Hussein ibn Ali
5000.
4. The veterans of Battle of Badar 600 dirhams.
5. Those who become Muslims at the time of Treaty of Huday biyyah 4000
dirham each.
6. Those who become Muslim at the time of conquest of Makkah got 3000
dirhams.
7. The veterans of Apostasy wars got 3000 dirham each
8. The veterans of battles of Yarmouk and the battle of Al Qadsiyyah got
2000 Durham each.
 How to make Pakistan Riyasat-e-Madina

- By providing justice according to the principle of Islam.

- states should provide basic necessities of life such as food, clothing, housing,
medical and education relief.
- the state must be welfare state, which protects and promotes the social and
economic well being.
- corruption, injustice, terrorism must be eliminated from the state.
- non one Muslim must be given full rights.
- agricultural sectors should be organized on scientific grounds to meet the needs
of public balancing, demand and supply chain.
- trade must be done on principle of Islam.
- education and awareness is the key to success for any nation.