1.

1 Topic/Objective: Name:
Analyzing Categorical Data Class:
Date:
Questions: Categorical Data:
 _________________________ displays the number of observations of the variable.
 ____________________________________ shows the percent’s of each individual for
the variable.

Frequency tables can be difficult to read.

Sometimes itis easier to analyze a distribution by displaying it with a __________________

or ____________________.

Let’s collect some data:

favorite food Frequency Relative Freq. Angle of pie

Mexican
American
Greek
Chinese
Italian
total About 1 About 360

Create Pie Chart and bar graph

Pie charts
 Must include all categories
 Use when you want to emphasize each category in relation to the whole.
 Not appropriate when there is not a single “whole”.
o

Favorite Food Favorite Food

Be careful: Does the data tell you what you really want to know?
 What percent of females prefer Chinese?

Always think about whether the graph or data helps answer the question
Questions: Graphs: The Good and mostly the bad.
 When you draw a bar graph, make the bars ____________________.
 ________________replace the bars with pictures for greater eye appeal

What is the problem with each of these Graphs

Two Way Tables and Marginal Distributions:

A two – way table is used to assess the relationship __________________________

Example: A simple random sample of 4826 young adults yielded the following:

The marginal distribution of one of the categorical variables in a two-way table of

counts is the distribution of values of that variable among all individuals described
by the table.
The margin of a two-way table is just like the margin of this paper, the margin are
the _______________________________.

Note:____________________________________________ when comparing groups

of different sizes.

How to examine a marginal distribution:

1) Use the data in the table to calculate the marginal distribution (in percent’s)
of the row or column totals.
2) Make a graph to display the marginal distribution.
Questions:

Conditional Distribution:
A conditional distribution of a variable describes the values of that variable among
individuals who have a specific value of another variable.
 Is the distribution of favorite food different for males and females?

Calculate the conditional distribution of opinion among males. Examine the

relationship between gender and opinion.
Questions:

Can we say there is an association between gender and opinion in the population of young
adults?

How would our graph have changed if the question had been:
 Display the conditional distribution of gender for each opinion”

Association: We say there is an association if there is a ______________________

___________________________________________________________________

Summary: