SHARDA UNIVERSITY

{School of Education}
Presented to: - Dr. Rinkal Sharma

Presented By: - Himanshi Yadav, Muskan, Prerna Padiyar and Punyak Nagar

Subject: - Contemporary India and Education [BED203]

Class: - B.A-B.Ed. (7th Semester)

 Jyotiba Phule
❏ Introduction
❏ Social Movements
❏ Elimination of Caste Discrimination
❏ Efforts for Women Education
❏ Satya Shodhak Samaj
❏ Published Works
❏ Thoughts for Curriculum
❏ Death
 INTRODUCTION OF JYOTIBA PHULE
● Jyotirao Govindrao Phule was born in Pune in 1827 to a family that belonged to the
Mali caste. The Malis traditionally worked as fruit and vegetable growers: in the
four-fold varna system of caste hierarchy, they were placed within the Shudras, or
the lowest-ranking group. Phule was named after God Jyotiba.
● Also known as Mahatma Jyotiba Phule, he was an Indian social activist, thinker,
anti-caste social reformer and writer from Maharashtra. His work extended to many
fields, including eradication of untouchability and the caste system and for his
efforts in educating women and oppressed caste people.
● He and his wife, Savitribai Phule, were pioneers of women's education in India.
Phule started his first school for girls in 1848 in Pune at Tatyasaheb Bhide's
residence or Bhide Wada. He, along with his followers, formed the Satyashodhak
Samaj (Society of Truth Seekers) to attain equal rights for people from lower caste.
Cont……………

● People from all religions and castes could become a part of this association which
worked for the upliftment of the oppressed classes. Phule is regarded as an
important figure in the social reform movement in Maharashtra. He was bestowed
with honorific Mahātmā (Sanskrit: "great-souled", "venerable") title by
Maharashtrian social activist Vithalrao Krishnaji Vandekar in 1888.
● Phule completed his English schooling in 1847.
 Social Movements
In 1848, Jyotirao was invited to attend the wedding of his friend, who belonged
to Brahmin family. At the wedding the relatives of the bridegroom insulted and
abused Jyotirao when they came to know about his origins. Jyotirao left the
ceremony and made up his mind to challenge the prevailing caste-system and
social restrictions. He made it his life's work to hammer away the social
majoritarian domination and aimed at emancipation of all human beings who
were subjected to this social deprivation.
 Elimination of caste discrimination
● Jyotirao attacked the orthodox Brahmins and other upper castes and termed them
as "hypocrites".
● He also wrote the "GULAMGIRI" by describing about the domination and
oppression of Brahmins.
● He urged the "peasants" and "proletariat" to refuse to obey the restrictions
imposed upon them.
● Jyotirao also supported by some Brahmin friends who extended their support to
make the movement successful.
 Efforts for Women Education
● In 1851, Jyotiba established a girl's school and asked
his wife, Savitribai Phule, to teach the girls in the
school.
● Later, he opened two more schools for the girls and an
indigenous school for the lower castes.
● He realised the pathetic conditions of widows and
established an ashram for young widows.
● Advocate the idea of Widow Remarriage because some
girls often became widows before they even hit puberty
and were left without any family support.
● He was pained by their plight and established an
orphanage in 1854 to shelter these unfortunate souls
from perishing at the society's cruel hands.
 Satya Shodhak Samaj
● On 24 September 1873, Phule formed Satya Shodhak Samaj (Society of the
seekers of truth) to focus on the rights of lower class.
● The purpose of the Satya Shodhak Samaj was to decontaminate the society
from caste discrimination.
● Savitribai became the head of the women's section which included ninety
female members.
● In 1868, he decided to construct a common bathing tank outside his house to
exhibit that all human beings are equal, regardless their caste.
 Published Works
● Jyotiba had penned a number of literary articles and books in his lifetime and
most were based on his ideology of social reforms.
● He wrote "Shetkarayacha Aasud" (The Whipcord of the Cultivators) book and
published it in 1881. It is a critique of the exploitation of shudra peasantry by
a British and Brahmin bureaucratic alliance.
● He also penned some stories like "Tritiya Ratna", "Brahmananche Kasab",
"Ishara".
● He wrote dramas like "Satsar" Ank 1 and 2, which were enacted under his
directives to spread awareness against social injustice.
 Thoughts for Curriculum
● Medium of Instruction should be mother-tongue.
● Primary education should be compulsory.
● Curriculum in rural and urban areas should be different.
● Schools should be inspected at least 4 times in a year.
● Technology, Moral Science and Arts should be taught.
● Subjects relating to hygiene, agriculture, cottage and small-scale industries
should also be taught.
● Secondary school education should be more practical and equip child to face
future.
 Death

● He was a cultivator and contractor for the Municipal Corporation.

● He also served as Commissioner of the Poona Municipality between 1876 and
1883.
● Jyotiba suffered a stroke in 1888 and was rendered paralyzed.
● On 28 November, 1890 the great social reformer, Mahatma Jyotirao Phule,
passed away.