HISTOLOGY OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Kanda Bagaskara
BESP 2021, Universitas Negeri Medan

ABSTRACT
Reproduction is the ability of living things to produce offspring with the aim of maintaining
their species. To be able to carry out the reproductive process, humans need reproductive organs
and healthy reproductive glands. The important thing to know about reproductive health is to
understand the embryology, anatomy, physiology and histology of the reproductive system. If the
general condition of the reproductive organs is healthy, then the process of maintaining offspring
will be easier. The reproductive system includes the glands (gonads) and the reproductive tract.
The primary reproductive organs or gonads consist of a pair of testes in males and a pair of ovaries
in females. Mature gonads function to produce gametes (gametogenesis) and produce sex
hormones, especially testosterone in males and estrogen & progesterone in females. After the
gametes are produced by the gonads, they will pass through the reproductive tract (ductal system).
In women there are also breasts, which include reproductive organs. The external part of the
reproductive system is often also called the external genitalia.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this paper is to understand further about the histological structure of male
reproductive organs. In addition, this paper is made as a remedy of pretest in Histological Structure
of male Reproductive Organs Practicum in Animal Development Course under the guidance of
Muhammad Tri Atmaja Hartanta as Laboratory Assistant.

METHOD
The method used to make this paper is library research. This method is conducted by reading
books, journals, modules, etc. to collect various information.

DISCUSSION
The male reproductive system consists of the internal genitalia, the external genitalia, and
the accessory genital glands. The internal genital organs are divided into the testes and the genital
tract. There is a pair of flattened ovoid testes located extra-abdominally, precisely in the scrotal
pouch. The testes are covered by the tunica vasculosa testis (loose connective tissue, vascular
matting), tunica albugenia (solid fibrous connective tissue), tunica vaginalis (tunica serosa) which
is connective tissue covered by mesothelium consisting of the parietal and visceral laminae. The
testes are separated by a testicular septum (primamide in shape) and contain parenchymal tissue
such as the testicular interstitium and seminiferous tubules (layered epithelial walls) such as
spermatogenic cells, supporting cells, and basement membrane. The function and structure of the
testes are regulated by gonadotropin hormones, namely the endocrine glands as the secretion of
the hormone testosterone which is needed in the process of sperm formation (spermatogenesis)
and the exocrine glands as the production of sperm cells. The epididymis is the first sperm transport
channel consisting of the head, body and cauda. The epididymis has 4 functions, namely, sperm
transport, sperm concentration, sperm storage, and sperm maturation (especially in the cauda area).
The epididymis is crescent-shaped, attached to the testis, located on the dorsal side of the testis,
and is covered by the tunica vaginalis.

Intra testicular genital tract has a function as a transport of glandular products, consists of
seminiferous rectus tubules located in a space bounded by testicular septa, has a narrower lumen
with a simple cuboidal epithelial wall that functions as an excretory duct and carries sperm, then
the rete testis functions as an excretory duct , located in the mediastinum testis surrounded by dense
connective tissue, then continued to the ductulus efferentis, and ductus epididymis with a layer of
smooth muscle is different in each section. The ductus deferens is divided into the pars epididymis,
pars funicularis, pars inguinalis, pars pelvina, and ampulla of the ductus deferens. The wall of the
ductus deferens consists of a mucous membrane (layered pseudo cylindrical epithelium and lamina
propria), tunica muscularis (stratium circulare, longitudinal internum and externum), and
adventitia tissue (loose connective tissue). The ejaculatory duct consists of a mucous membrane
(coated cylindrical epithelium or stratified pseudo-cylindrical epithelium and lamina propria) and
tunica muscularis. The masculine urethra is divided into a flat prostatic urethra, the membranous
urethra, which is lined with stratified pseudo-cylindrical epithelium, and the cavernous urethra.
The external genitalia consist of the scrotum which functions to protect the testes which
have the tunica dartos, fascia cremasterica, and musculus cremastes. Then the penis has 3
cylindrical structures (formed by spongy tissue) namely the corpus cavemosum urethra is covered
by a thinner tunica albuginea. And 2 corpora cavernosum penis covered by tunica albuginea. The
penis has a structure, namely the pars occulta (radix penis) and the pars libera consisting of 2 bodies
of the penis and the glans penis consisting of the prepuce and orificium of the prepuce. Fossa
navicularis is in the glans penis, empties into the orificium externum urethra. The fossa navicularis
has a mucous membrane consisting of the lacunae of Morgagni, stratified pseudo-cylindrical
epithelium, and the lamina propria.
The accessory genital gland consists of a pair of functioning vesicular glands As a viscous
secretion rich in fructose content, the prostate gland is located under the prostate gland Vesica
urinaria functions as ductus excretorius, glandula bulbourethralis cowperi Secretory mucus located
on the left and right of the urethral bulb, paraurethral glands as mucous-producing glands around
the cavernous urethra, and intraepithelial glands as mucous-producing glands in the epithelium of
the cavernous urethra

CONCLUSION
The reproductive system includes organs that are divided into internal and external
genitalia, glands and reproductive tract. The primary reproductive organs consist of a pair of testes
in males and a pair of ovaries in females. Mature gonads function to produce gametes
(gametogenesis) and produce sex hormones, especially testosterone in males and estrogen &
progesterone in females. After the gametes are produced by the gonads, they will then pass through
the reproductive tract (ductal system).

REFERENCES

Johnson, M. and Everitt B. 1988. Essential Reproduction third edition, Blackwell Scientifik
Publication
Carola, R.,J.P. Harley and C.R. Naobeck.1990. Human Anatomy and Physiologi. Mc. Graw-Hill
Publishing Company. New York.