SCHOOL OF LAW, NARSEE MONJEE INSTITUTE

OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES, BENGALURU

BATCH 2022-2027

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

Dr. Diti Goswami Riddhi Shree
Assistant Professor 81012200542
NMIMS (SOL),Bengaluru BA.LL.B.1stYear
ABSTRACT

In India, where two-thirds of the populace still resides in villages, farming is

largely one of the main means of subsistence. The majority of people in India work
in farming and related industries. Agricultural expansion is therefore a requirement
for economic development in India. So, without putting an emphasis on intensive
agriculture, we cannot improve the situation of the local population. As a result of
the mutually beneficial nature of rural and agricultural growth the government
must place a greater emphasis on this industry. In this essay, we evaluated the
several rural development projects put into place in India. The study made use of
secondary data that was gathered from numerous government websites and yearly
publications. According to the report, the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural
Employment Guarantee Act (MANREGA), Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana Gramin
(PMAY-G), and Deen Dayal Upadhya Gramin Kaushlya Yojana (DDU-GKY)
have had a substantial impact on India's rural development. When compared to the
aim of 2.2 crores, the PMAY-G programme offers basic facilities to about 1.40
crore pucca dwellings, while the DDU-GKY programme trained 11.12 lakh
individuals, of whom 6.48 lakh were hired. Together, these programmes offer
employment prospects to 29.3 crore rural residents.

Keywords: Rural development; agriculture; MANREGA; PMAY-G and DDU-

GKY
INTRODUCTION

The majority of people reside in rural regions, particularly in developing countries

like India.Several hundred million people in India are still relied on the agricultural
and agricultural-related industries for a living, either directly or indirectly. An
important part of the nation's economic expansion and development is agriculture.
Around 53% of India's GDP at the time of independence came from agriculture
and related industries. The data show that the proportion of the  agricultural and
unified area is continuously shrinking due to deeper alterations in the economy,
which is the explanation the commercial and manufacturing sectors predominate
over agriculture. However, the farming sector is extremely important to the Indian
economy since it is the main source of employment for the country's citizens and
provides raw materials for the manufacturing sector. It is encouraging for India's
agriculture sector since, after 17 years, the industry has just recorded its largest
economic contribution of almost 20%.

Rural development is necessary for agricultural growth. Agribusiness has a strong

rural foundation, therefore concerns about agriculture and rural development are
intertwined . The process of improving the quality of life and financial security of
those who live in rural regions is known as rural development. Rural development,
in the words of the World Bank, is "the process of rural modernization and
monetization leading to the transformation of the rural community from its
traditional isolation to integration with the national economy." In addition to
increasing the earnings of rural families, rural development also involves
improving the quality of life for those who live there, as evidenced by a number of
criteria including nutritional and food intake, healthcare, literacy, infrastructure,
and safety, among others. The rural development must concentrate its efforts to
areas like "education, general hygiene and sanitation, women's rights,
infrastructural facilities (electricity and irrigation), farming outreach and research,
access to finance, and employment possibilities." The statement made by Mahatma
Gandhi that rural regions in India are where people live still holds true today.
According to the World Bank , 65.5 percent of India's national population lives in
rural regions and relies mostly on agriculture for their livelihood.As a result of the
lack of suitable job options, the majority of the rural population is dependent on
agriculture not only for their living but also for other purposes.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

We looked over the literature on Indian rural development programmes.

Some of these investigations, which covered all the schemes. Therefore,
in the current study, we have covered the many rural development
programmes that have been implemented in India and analysed their
current state. In their paper, "A Review of Rural Development
Programmes in India," Panda and Majumdar [4] examined the rural
development initiatives carried out in India. The analysis was based on
secondary data that was obtained from a number of official government
websites, including www.gov.in and www.nrega.net, among others.
They discussed MANREGA, RSVY, IAY, SGRY, and PMGSY, among
other rural development programmes, in their study. According to the
study's findings, India's "MANREGA" programme is seen as a "magic
bullet" for eradicating rural poverty and unemployment. Rao [5]
investigated the function of several rural development programmes in
India in his research, "Rural Development Schemes in India- A Study."
In his discussion, he focused mostly on the three Indian-implemented
programmes PMAY-G, PMGSY, and MANREGA. In the study,
secondary data were employed. The analysis found that these three
programmes were crucial to India's rural development. 44.54 lakh homes
were built in 2017–18, falling short of the goal of 1 crore homes by
March 2019 set by the (PMAY-G). 5.12 crore families receive work
chances via MANREGA.
The significance of the agriculture sector in India's rural development
was investigated by Sawant [6] in his research, "Agriculture Sector and
Rural Development in India: An Empirical Analysis." The study made
use of secondary data that was gathered from the Ministry of Rural
Development, Census reports, Agriculture & Farmer Welfare
Department yearly reports, and NSSO data. The study's findings showed
that the agriculture industry is very important in rural regions. It has a
favourable effect on rural development and the Indian economy. The
development of the Indian economy depends heavily on rural
development. The contemporary trends and issues in rural education
were explored by Das and Samanta [7] on the basis of several
educational programmes in India in their paper, "Rural Education in
India: As an Engine of Sustainable Rural Development." The secondary
data served as the study's foundation. According to the study's findings,
rural education is a requirement for long-term rural development.
Without education, it is hard to develop rural areas to their full potential.
Sushma and Phougat [8] assessed rural growth under the NREGA
programme in their paper, "Role of NREGA in Rural Development."
The analysis was based on secondary data that was obtained from a
number of official government websites, including www.nrega.nic.in
and Kumar article  from AJSR, 5(4): 18–26, 2021, at www.rural.nic.in.
The study's findings demonstrated that NREGA made a substantial
contribution to rural development. Rural residents are satisfied with
NREGA's dual benefits, which include employment for them on the one
hand and improved infrastructure development in rural regions on the
other. The role and purpose of the government and initiatives connected
to rural development in Haryana were explored by Singh and Mann [9]
in their research, "A Discussion on Rural Development Strategies of
Haryana." The study used secondary data and was descriptive in nature.
According to the research, Haryana's initiatives for rural development
were focused on reducing poverty, improving chances for work, and
promoting self-employment.

According to the aforementioned empirical research, there isn't much

literature on India's rural employment programmes, and the majority of
these studies concentrated on just a few of the programmes. Therefore,
in the current study, we concentrate on the various rural development
programmes and analyse their development and current situation.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The study is descriptive in nature and based on the secondary data. The data has
been taken from the journal articles, reports, government official websites like
https://rural.nic.in; https://nrega.nic.in. Descriptive statistics tools like tables and
charts are used in the study.
National Rural Employment Guarantee Act of Mahatma Gandhi
(MANREGA)

An initiative to combat poverty called the "National Rural Employment

Guarantee Act" was started by the Indian government in 2005.
(NREGA). It was introduced in February 2006 in 200 districts before
being made available throughout all of India. The "Mahatma Gandhi
National Rural Employment Guarantee Act" was given a new name in
2009. (MANREGA). The major goal of the programme is to "improve
the security of livelihood in rural regions by providing at least 100 days
of guaranteed pay employment in a financial year to every household
whose adult members agree to perform unskilled manual labour."
Additionally, to create long-lasting assets like roads, canals, ponds, and
wells. The candidates are granted jobs under this programme within 15
days of submitting their applications, and jobs must be located no more
than 5 kilometres from the applicants' homes. Minimum pay must also
be paid. The government is required to pay the applicants a specific sum
as a jobseekers allowance if it does not offer the applicants work within
15 days.One of the most expansive and comprehensive social security
and public works programmes in the world is MANREGA.
The present state of the MANREGA in India is shown in Table 1. It
encompassed 269217 Grams and 7144 blocks throughout 714 districts in
India.panchayats over all of India. Many Indians were given the
opportunity to find job thanks to MANREGA. Out of the 9.17 crore job
cards that are now active, 15.14 crore employment cards under the
MANREGA have been issued. There are 29.3 crores total registered
employees under MANREGA, of which 19.68 crores are employed.
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana Gramin (PMAY-G)

On April 1st, 2016, the federal government introduced PMAY-G. It took

the place of the January 1996-introduced Indira Awas Yojana (IAY).
The PMAY-G program's mission is to "fill up the gaps that exist in rural
areas and offer the people living in kutcha homes with the minimum
amenities and a clean kitchen." The minimum size of the homes
constructed under the programmes is 25 square metres, and they are
inexpensive and disaster-resistant. In the hilly areas, the municipal and
state governments have split the expense of aid 90:10 and 60:40,
respectively. In plain regions, the programme pays 1.20 lakh rupees,
while in hilly areas, it offers 1.30 lakh rupees. By the year 2022, the
PMAY-G administration promised to offer "Housing for All." The
scheme's immediate goal is to provide coverage for 1 crore kutcha home
households in the three years from 2016–17 to 2018–19.

The development of PMAY-G is shown in Fig. 1.

Government officials had a goal to construct 2.02 crore homes when the
programme was first announced.However, out of the registered
applications, more beneficiaries have been enrolled under the plan than
the government had anticipated. As of the date 02-06-2021, 1.40 crore of
the 1.94 crore dwellings that were approved for construction have been
built.
DDU-GKY, or Deen Dayal Upadhya Gramin Kaushlya Yojana

The "Deen Dayal Upadhya Gramin Kaushlya Yojana" (DDU-GKY)

initiative was introduced by the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD)
on September 25, 2014, with the goal of "transforming rural
impoverished youth into an economically independent and
internationally competent population." The programme is a piece of the
"National Rural Livelihood Mission" (NRLM), which was launched
with the goals of increasing diversity in rural poor individuals' income
and addressing the professional ambitions of rural youth. The
programme is specifically targeted at children from low-income
households between the ages of 15 and 35. As a component of the Skill
India initiative, it actively supports the government's few financial and
social projects including "Make in India," "Digital India," "Smart
Cities," and "Start Up India." The programme reaches adolescents from
approximately 7426 blocks in the 689 districts of 28 states and UTs
around the US. Currently, it is working on 1575 projects with 717
partners in 50 different industry sectors and more than 502 trades. More
than 9.9 lakh candidates have received training under this programme as
of April 1, 2020, and more than 5.3 lakh had been hired as a result.

The DDU-current GKY's status is displayed in Table 2.

A goal was established for the programme to train 26.79 lakh individuals
by 2023. In contrast to its aim of 26.79 lakh, as of June 2, 2021, 11.13
lakh individuals have received training, and 6.48 lakh have been hired.

Mission Antyodaya

In the union budget for 2017–18, the Indian government unveiled the initiative
"Mission Antyodaya." The main purpose of theeffort to build a convergence and
accountability framework aimed at bringing the best use and administration of
resources allocated by various Ministries/Departments of the Government of India
under the various programmes carried out for rural development. Gram panchayats
are anticipated to serve as the main hubs of the convergence efforts in this state-led
endeavour. Mission Antyodaya System is thought to be significantly incomplete
without the annual survey conducted at the gramme panchayat level throughout the
country. It runs concurrently with the Ministry of Panchayat Raj's "People's Plan
Campaign" (PPC).The program's goal is to "facilitate the process of participatory
planning for the gramme panchayat development plan (GPDP)." The Mission
Antyodaya Program's development is shown in Fig. 2. 99 Gram Panchayats have
been finished under this programme, out of which 97 have been validated by the
competent authority, and 98 villages have been completed under this scheme, out
of which 93 have been confirmed.

Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY)

Regarding Lok's birthday anniversary 2014-10-11; Nayak Jai Prakash Narayan The
Prime Minister revealed a fresh plan. Minister Saansad Adarsh Gram's name
Yojana (SAGY). The plan concentrated on the village growth by supplying all the
infrastructures and facilities that support making the contemporary towns. Under
this plan, each Each legislator must select at least one village from their area of
influence and grow that community as a contemporary village by offering
everything the infrastructure and fundamental amenities. The agreement's initial
goal was to expand. as of March 2019, three Adarsh settlements; out of These were
scheduled to be completed by 2016. After that, five of these Adarsh grammes will
be chosen and created till 2024. The programme also emphasised "nurturing
national ideals" pride, patriotism, a sense of community, self-assurance, and a
focus on infrastructure building. SAGY offering all necessary facilities and
opportunity for rural residents to shape that is their own fate. It promotes overall
growth. Along with it, of the listed gram panchayats the "quality of life; living
standards" through; the enhanced fundamental amenities; higher increased output;
improved human development; increased chances for employment; decreased
discrepancies across all demographic groups. Fig. The sum shown in 3 is 1.98
thousand Gram. Under the SAGY, panchayats are designated from These 15,000
Gram Panchayats have created the designs for the village's growth (VDPs) and
posted on the SAGY website. Suburban village growth strategies; 75.5 thousand
actions overall are prepared for village development; out 46.6 thousand of these
actions have been finished. About 6.5 thousand projects are now in way using
VDPs.
Program for National Social Assistance (NSAP)

Established by the "National Social Assistance Programme" The Indian

government introduced (NSAP), a centrally supported programme, on August 15,
1995. In India, the programme addressed both rural and urban residents. The
Ministry of Rural Development is in charge of running the programme. The
government launched this welfare programme to improve the level of living for the
people of India. This program's major goals are to boost living standards, enhance
public health, and provide residents with "free and obligatory" education for their
children.

National Old Age Pension Scheme (NOAPS), National Family Benefit Scheme
(NFBS), and National Maternity Benefit Scheme (NMBS) were covered under the
"National Social Assistance Programme" (NSAP) Kumar et al.; AJSR, 5(4): 18-26,
2021; Article no.AJSR.662 24. All of these programmes provided social assistance
benefits to the elderly, BPL families in the event that the primary breadwinner
passed away, and for pregnancies.The current state of the National Social
Assistance Program is seen in Fig. 4. 3.36 crore persons received the whole
pension under this plan. 2.48 billion people earned old age pensions, 10.48 million
received disability pensions, and 75.79 billion received widow pensions. Both men
and women can get old age and disability benefits, but only women can receive
widow benefits.

Rurban, Shyama Prasad Mukherji Mission (SPMRM)

Rurban Mission of Shyama Prasad Mukherji (SPMRM); a programme for rural

development Government announcement made in September aimed to "solidify
rural regions through" in 2015 economic, social, and physical provision
infrastructural resources The purpose of the The goal of the "National Rurban
Mission" (NRuM) is to local economic growth; broaden fundamental provide
services and create thoughtful urban designs clusters. A "Rurban cluster" is a
collection of geographically close towns with a population in plain and coastal
locations, between 25,000 to 50,000, and a population in the desert between 5000
and 15000; hilly or tribal regions. The plan's goal is to generate 300 Around the
nation, rural development is concentrated. In first phase, 100 clusters will be
chosen; afterwards, further clusters will be discovered on the basis for the scheme's
development. Table 3 indicates that there are 300 clusters overall. in accordance
with the Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban 282 of these clusters' missions have
been authorised. The ministry authorised 290 ICAP and 281 DPR were given state
level approval. empowered and devoted (SLEC).

The Mission to Improve Livelihoods in Rural Areas (NRLM)

1999 saw the beginning of a programme that would become known as the
"flagship."programme administered by the Ministry of Rural Development and
referred to as the Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY). Later on,
between 2010 and 2011, it went through a process of reorganisation so that it could
be employed as the National Rural Livelihoods Mission, also known as
"Aajeevika-NRLM." The effort to alleviate poverty in India was kicked off by the
country's central government. DAY-NRLM, which stands for "Deen Dayal
Antyodaya - National Rural Livelihood Mission," is its new name. This moniker
was approved in the year 2015. The primary objective of the programme is to
establish a "effective and efficient institutional infrastructure to enable the rural
poor to improve their household income via sustainable livelihood development
and greater access to financial services." This will be accomplished by providing
the rural poor with greater access to financial services. A portion of the necessary
money for the effort comes from the World Bank. According to Table 4, there are
759.1 million households in India. self-help groups (also known as SHGs) were
formed, and 69.7 Promotion was given to lakh SHGs. Affiliation with the NRLM;
a total of Rs. 310084.8 was taken from the revolving fund. paid out to a total of
22.5 lakh SHGs.

Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)

On May 25th, the Indian government officially began implementing the PMGSY.
Month of January 2001 The government provides funding for the entirety of this
programme. The purpose of the programme is to connect the unconnected villages;
this is intended to be a "poverty reduction" measure. The Indian government is
aiming to ease the creation of policies, establish state-level planning, and establish
advanced, identical technical and managerial standards in order to secure the long-
term management of the rural road network.

The distance that the PMGSY travelled is depicted in Fig.5 and may be found
below. as a sign of development. The graph clearly demonstrates that the total
length of the roads that are mapped by PMGSY is continuously increasing from
one year to the next. The programme has been very effective and has been of
tremendous assistance in the expansion and improvement of rural regions since it
brings together people from both rural and urban populations.

Savamitva Yojana

What Is SVAMITVA Yojana?

SVAMITVA Yojana, which stands for "Survey of villages and mapping with
improvised technology in village areas," will be introduced on April 24, 2020. It is
a Central Sector programme with the objective of surveying rural inhabited
(Abadi) regions with the use of contemporary technology. The programme is
intended to reach around 6.5 million communities across India. This initiative will
run for a period of 4 years (2021-2025) in a phase-wise manner. The expected
expenditure for the pilot phase (2020-21) is 79.65 crores, and the total cost of the
scheme will be 2021-2025.In order to finish the surveying of land parcels in rural
regions, the SVAMITVA project, which is a new initiative of the Ministry of
Panchayati Raj, will employ the most modern surveying equipment, which is
known as drone technology. This plan initially encompassed a trial period in six
different states while it was still in its infancy. The states of Haryana, Uttar
Pradesh, Maharashtra, Uttarakhand, and Karnataka, as well as Madhya Pradesh,
are included in this group.

In addition, on October 11, 2020, the Prime Minister of India initiated the
SVAMITVA scheme's video conferencing distribution of property cards. This was
done in accordance with the SVAMITVA programme. Those residents of the
village who have amassed enough of these cards can now apply for loans at banks
and other financial organisations by presenting these cards.

Now that people have a better understanding of what the PM SVAMITVA yojana
is all about, let's talk about the scheme's overall purpose and how it operates.

What Do We Hope to Accomplish Through the SVAMITVA Yojana?

The following is a list of the goals that the SVAMITVA plan aims to achieve.

1.Give the villagers a secure financial future by permitting them to use their land as
collateral for loans so that they may establish banks and other financial
organisations.

2.Establish accurate land records for the purpose of rural planning.

3.Reduce the number of property-related disagreements.

4.Contribute to the development of a survey structure and GIS maps, which will
enable other departments to use these documents in accordance with their needs.
What is the procedure for the SVAMITVA Yojana?

Drones will be utilised in the PM SVAMITVA plan in order to take property

measurements and create maps of residential villages. Following the completion of
precise mapping by drones, state governments will compile property cards for each
individual property in each village. The next step is that each villager will acquire
this property card, which will then be registered in the department of land revenue
records. We may now go to the sections on the beneficiaries, characteristics, and
projected outcomes of this scheme now that we have a full understanding of the
SVAMITVA plan, its aim, and its operation.

Who Is Eligible to Receive Benefits from the SVAMITVA Yojana?

Beneficiaries of the SVAMITVA Yojana will be deemed to be villagers who have

been residing in a populated region on or after September 25, 2018.

What Kind of Characteristics Does the SVAMITVA Yojana Possess?

The PM Modi SVAMITVA Yojana is implemented in a step-by-step fashion. The

following are:

The first phase, known as Phase I and sometimes known as the Pilot phase, will
last from April 2020 through March 2021. This phase includes 1 lakh villages of
Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Haryana, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand,
Punjab, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh. During this stage, the relevant authorities will
build a network of CROS (Continuously Operating Reference Stations) in two
states: Rajasthan and Punjab.

The second phase will begin in April 2021 and go through March 2025. During
this phase, about 6.62 lakh villages would be visited. In addition to that, there is the
intention of constructing a CROS network that will consist of 567 CORS stations.
What are the Advantages of Participating in the SVAMITVA Yojana?

The participation in this programme grants them ownership rights to their

properties.

Under the terms of this programme, qualifying homeowners will be issued

property cards, which they may then use to apply for loans. Through the process of
mapping and demarcating village properties, the SVAMITVA Yojana makes
certain that rural regions will experience substantial growth. The planning of
infrastructure initiatives in rural regions will move more smoothly with the aid of
this system.The use of drone technology and satellite mapping reduces the
likelihood of drawing property borders incorrectly, which in turn lowers the
number of errors that occur.

What Are Some of the Anticipated Results of the SVAMITVA Yojana?

When the allotted amount of time for the SVAMITVA Yojana programme has
passed, the "records of rights" will be brought up to date in the revenue or property
registers, and rural landowners who are qualified will be given property cards. In a
moment of need, individuals can thereby leverage the value of their property. In
addition, the responsibilities involved in assessing property taxes will be simplified
thanks to this system, which the authorities will employ to facilitate improvements
in municipal facilities.

The SVAMITVA Yojana propels India forward in the direction of realising the
ambition of the Prime Minister to digitally transform the nation. People living in
rural areas will at long last be able to acquire the legal title of their land and make
appropriate use of it thanks to this programme.
National Rural Health Mission

The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) refers to what exactly?

In April of 2005, the previous Prime Minister of India initiated the National Rural
Health Mission, often known as NRHM. There have been several concerns lodged
by inhabitants of India over the quality of healthcare services and their
accessibility, in particular in more rural parts of the country. The National Rural
Health Mission has a primary focus on Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child,
and Adolescent Health Services (RMNCH+A). The development of measures to
promote child care and mother health is the primary emphasis of this initiative.

The provision of a health delivery system that is fully operational and decentralised
is the long-term objective of this initiative. In addition to this, it seeks to offer
inter-sectoral convergence at all levels in order to ensure health determinants such
as education, nutrition, sanitation, water, social equality, and other similar factors.

What Is the Purpose of the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM), and
What Are Its Goals?

The basic goals of NRHM are centred on the overarching aim of the government to
assist residents in gaining access to healthcare facilities that are within their price
range. The results of NRHM have rarely shifted despite the modifications made to
the 12th plan. As a result, the following National Rural Health Mission objectives
are of the utmost importance to the mission's long-term vision.

The reduction of the maternal mortality rate (MMR) and the infant mortality rate
(IMR) to 100 per 1,000 live births and 30 per 1,000 live births, respectively Total
fertility rate (TFR) dropped to 2.1, representing a decrease.Elimination of anaemia
tendencies in females between the ages of 15 and 49. The yearly death rate from
malaria was cut by sixty percent. Decrease in the number of people infected with
leprosy per 100,000 population reduce the frequency of microfilaria to less than
one percent.Reduced rates of death and morbidity as a result of illnesses and
accidents

In What Ways Does the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) Differ From
Its Contemporaries?

The National Rural Health Mission was established as the government's

commitment to enhancing the existing healthcare infrastructure while
simultaneously reducing costs. Before beginning an analysis of the NRHM's
functions and advantages, one must first have an understanding of what the
programme represents to the Indian government and the population it seeks to
serve.

Provision of Services and Healthcare of a High Quality in Rural Areas

The provision of a healthcare infrastructure that is both of a high quality and easily
accessible for the most vulnerable people in rural regions is one of the fundamental
functions of NRHM. In addition to the states that make up the Empowered Action
Group (EAG), it is also operational in the majority of the rural areas of Jammu and
Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and the states that make up the North Eastern Region.
In addition to this, it has increased the number of other health human resources by
more than 1.88 lakh, which includes multi-skilled physicians, GDMOs (General
Duties Medical Officers), ANMs (Auxiliary Nurse Midwives), and Staff Nurses.

Free Medical Tests and Prescription Medication

The No Cost Prescription Drug Service is an essential component of the NRHM

programme. The government will provide an additional 5% in incentives on top of
the budget that has been allotted for pharmaceuticals. The NHM-Free Drug Service
Initiative is available to Indian states and union territories after such entities
complete the requirements outlined in the initiative. On the other hand, the
National Health Service (NHM) Free Diagnostics Service Initiative offers free
diagnostic services to all qualifying states within the limits of their financial
allocation. This function makes use of diagnostic services that have a high cost but
a low frequency, as well as laboratory personnel and equipment, radiologists, and
other human resources.

Accredited Members of the Social Health Movement (ASHAs)

The task of being the initial point of contact for the marginalised people falls on
those who hold the position of ASHA. With this in mind, the Indian government
has included more than 9.5 million ASHAs as part of the community-level care
system to play the roles of facilitators, mobilizers, and providers. As a consequence
of this, the majority of states have participated in the ASHA training of young
candidates in order to establish higher-quality delivery, immunisation, and mother
assistance.

Rogi Kalyan Samiti/Hospital Management Society

The members of this committee are responsible for managing the hospital's
operations and ensuring that the NRHM's target people have access to improved
facilities. In order to prevent a decline in the level of patient welfare provided, the
government provides financial aid to the committees in question. On the other side,
Rogi Kalyan Samitis are responsible for the care of community members at each
and every District Hospital (DH), Sub-District Hospital (SDH), Primary Health
Centre (PHC), and Community Health Centre (CHCs).
The committee in charge of health, sanitation, and nutrition in the village
(VHSNC)

NRHM is able to provide community empowerment and cleanliness at the

grassroots levels thanks to this feature's implementation. Members of the VHSNC
include both representatives of the Panchayati Raj and ASHA, in addition to other
frontline workers. Under the NRHM programme, the government gives
unrestricted payments of 10,000 rupees each year to qualified residents in order to
meet their needs in terms of sanitary conditions and nutritional intake.

Rates of Death Among Mothers and Babies respectively

The National Rural Health Mission's Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) attempts to
lower the rate of maternal mortality while simultaneously encouraging expectant
mothers to give birth in government-run hospitals. This programme provides
eligible pregnant women with financial help in the form of a cash payment after
they give birth as part of the NRHM. On the other side, the Janani Shishu Suraksha
Karyakram (JSSK) makes it possible for pregnant women who meet the
requirements to have their births completely free of charge. This includes women
who require caesarean sections. They are also provided with free food, blood
supplies, and transportation as part of this programme, in addition to receiving free
medications and diagnostics.

Mobile Medical Units of the National Health Service (NMMUs) and

Ambulance Services of the National Health Service (NAS)

The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) to develop NMMUs in 333 of the
nation's 672 districts. These seek to improve the visibility of government
healthcare institutions and, as a result, raise the level of awareness among the rural
people regarding the significance of receiving proper medical treatment. In
addition, consumers can have access to ambulance services through NAS (National
Ambulance Services), which only requires them to contact 102 or 108.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In the current study, we concentrated on the many plans for rural development that
are now being carried out in India. On the basis of the study that was presented
above, It is possible to draw the conclusion that the many programmes for rural
development that are now being carried out in India had a significant part in
elevating the living quality of the people who live in rural areas. The rural
population's status is improved as a result of all of these schemes because they
increase the number of employment opportunities available to them, as well as the
number of social assistance benefits available to them, such as pensions for the
elderly, widows, and the disabled; pensions; and other infrastructure facilities.
Among these schemes, MANREGA and DDU-GKY played a significant role in
the rural development of India. This is due to the fact that MANREGA scheme
provides employment opportunities to the 29.3 crores rural people, which helps in
the poverty reduction as well as reducing the unemployment in the rural areas, and
DDU-GKY scheme was specially designed for the youth to generate skills in them
that help in getting jobs. Together, these two schemes contributed significantly to
the rural development of India. Through the DDU-GKY programme, a total of
11.13 lakhs of individuals received training, and out of these trained people, 6.48
lakhs were eventually put on employment.

It has been recommended that several of these programmes, such as MANREGA,

may be associated with the agriculture and allied sector. This is due to the fact that
agricultural expansion is a prerequisite for the development of rural areas.
Therefore, the incorporation of agriculture within the MANREGA programme can
prove to be more fruitful and useful to the advancement of rural areas. A
programme like this one might help lower the amount of money that farmers have
to spend on their inputs by giving them access to labour force throughout the
planting and harvesting of their crops.

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

The government of India has launched three new schemes: the Mahatma Gandhi
National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), the Pradhan Mantri
Awaas Yoiana Gramin (PMAY-G) programme to provide housing, and the
Pradhan Manthi Gram Sadak Yoiana (PMGSY) scheme to develop roads in rural
areas. These three programmes are playing a significant part in India's efforts to
improve rural areas. According to my research, the Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yoiana
Gramin (PMAY-G) plan was responsible for the construction of 44.54 lakh homes
during the 2017–2018 fiscal year. This is in comparison to the goal of constructing
1.00 crore homes by March 2019, which was set by the government. In the fiscal
year 2017–18, the rate of building of PMGSY roads hit a new high of 134
kilometres per day, breaking the previous record of 73 kilometres per day that had
stood from 2011 to 2014. As a result, there has been a 93% rise in the rate at which
building is being done. During the 2017–2018 fiscal year, MGNREGA was
responsible for the generation of more than 234,25 crore person days of wage
employment over 177 lakh works, which resulted in the provision of employment
to 5.12 crore families. Education of a high standard can be of assistance in working
toward the elimination of problems of this kind that plague society. Concerningly
low literacy rates have been seen in rural areas of India, particularly among
women. This is a serious cause for worry. Reforms in both the land market and the
technical sector are urgently required. In order to increase outputs and earnings, it
is important to implement contemporary agricultural practises such as organic
agriculture. By enhancing the functioning of the banking system in rural regions, it
is imperative that individuals be granted easier access to credit and loans.