J. Islamic Pharm.

[ISSN: 2527-6123] Author et al

Volume XX (X) 20XX XXX-XXX

Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior Image of Pharmacist to

Halal Pharmaceuticals in Malang Regency

Aristo Dema Salamadin*1, Hajar Sugihantoro1 dan Ach. Syahrir,1

1
Department of Pharmacy, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang, Indonesia

*E-mail: aristodema98@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Indonesia as a Muslim-majority country to fulfill needs in the form of food, goods/services and medicines tends to be in a
halal state. This causes efforts in quality assurance and quality as well as the halalness of these products, especially
pharmaceuticals. However, there are 45.8% of people who still have not considered halal and do not know about halal
pharmaceuticals. Knowledge of halal pharmaceuticals has an impact on consumer empowerment in buying, as well as
providing a guarantee of consumer satisfaction and safety for sellers. Pharmacists as pharmaceutical personnel have an
important role in ensuring the quality and quality of drugs and the halalness of these pharmaceuticals. The purpose of this
study was to describe the knowledge, attitudes and behavior of pharmacists towards halal pharmaceuticals in Malang
Regency in 2021. This research is descriptive. Sampling of the population of pharmacists in Malang Regency using the
Purposive Sampling method. In collecting data using a questionnaire. The results of the study from 100 respondents showed
that 42% of respondents' knowledge of halal pharmaceuticals was in the "Enough" category, 69% of respondents' attitudes
towards halal pharmaceuticals were in the "Good" category and the behavior of pharmacists towards halal pharmaceuticals
was 51% in the "Good" category. Based on this, it can be concluded that the description of pharmacist knowledge is
sufficient, while the attitudes and behavior of pharmacists are good towards halal pharmaceuticals.

Keywords: Knowledge, Attitudes, Behavior, Halal Pharmaceuticals, Malang Regency

1. Introduction 5th according to the Global Islamic Economy Ranking

Indonesia, as a country with a majority Muslim
population, which is around 87.21%, will certainly become a
giant market for Muslim consumers (Ministry of Religion of
the Republic of Indonesia, 2017). As a country with a
Muslim majority, the fulfillment of needs in the form of
food, pharmaceuticals, and goods/services will tend to be in a
state of halal necessity.
In Indonesia, the growth of the pharmaceutical industry is
quite rapid with 70% of distribution carried out by the
domestic industry (Hijriawati, Putriana and Husni, 2018). In
addition, the awareness index of halal labels on industrial
products, including drugs, is 3.84 out of 5 with 73% of
respondents having the awareness to check the halal label on
products before buying these products (Ministry of Religion
of the Republic of Indonesia, 2013). In addition, Indonesia
has been recorded to have spent US$ 218.8 billion for the
purchase of halal pharmaceutical products in 2017. Overall,
the movement of 11 Islamic economies in Indonesia ranks
Indicator (Global Islamic Economic Forum, 2020).
The government has responded to halal products in
Indonesia by participating in efforts to guarantee halal
products with Law Number 33 of 2014 concerning Halal
Product Guarantee which regulates the provisions for
granting halal certificates to products in Indonesia, including
pharmaceutical preparations, namely cosmetics, drugs,
traditional medicines. The law also contains provisions to
include the label "not halal" for products made from non-
halal materials. Another thing that is regulated by the law is
the change in the law on the inclusion of the halal label from
being voluntary to being an obligation.
In terms of logistics and pharmaceuticals resources, only
34 of the more than 30 thousand types of drugs registered
with BPPOM are halal-certified (Hijriawati, Putriana and
Husni, 2018). This is very counterproductive to the
increasing demand and need for halal products in Indonesia.
Based on this, it appears that there are differences in the
response of pharmacists at the attitude level and at the

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J. Islamic Pharm. [ISSN: 2527-6123]
Volume XX (X) 20XX XXX-XXX
behavioral level. This is in accordance with the concept of
behavioral level according to Bloom (1908) where the
individual's response to the information he or she obtains is
divided into three, namely the level of knowledge, the level
of attitude, and the level of behavior. To fill in the
differences in previous studies (fill a gap) and provide a
holistic picture to policy makers regarding the response of
pharmacists, as the frontline staff in administering drugs to
the public, regarding Halal drugs, the researchers wanted to
conduct research on “Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior
Image of Pharmacist to Halal Pharmaceuticals in Malang
Regency”
2. Method
This research is a descriptive observational research with
sampling using purposive sampling method. The sample in
this study was obtained as many as 100 respondents who met
the inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria of this study are
pharmacists who practice in Malang regency and are willing
to be research respondents. This research was conducted by
distributing an instrument in the form of a questionnaire to
each respondent using a google form. The questionnaire
consists of a knowledge, attitude and behavior questionnaire.
Each questionnaire score is used to assess how far the
respondents understand about halal pharmaceuticals, their
attitudes towards halal pharmaceuticals and their behavior
towards halal pharmaceuticals. The score for each
questionnaire is classified as "good" if the score is >75%,
classified as "enough" if the score is obtained between 40%-
75% and classified as "less" if the score is <40%. Research
data analysis is descriptive. Descriptive research design aims
to provide a description or description of a situation
objectively (Notoatmodjo, 2005).
3. Results and Discussion
3.1 Characteristics of Respondent
Characteristics of respondents is a description of the
respondents in this study. Descriptions of the characteristics
of respondents are grouped into several groups including
gender, age, religion, last education and length of work as
shown in table 1.
Based on gender, the majority of respondents are female
as much as 70%. This is in accordance with the literature
of Asrul Ismail (2020 ) which states that the number of
students majoring in pharmacy at UIN Alaudin Makasar
male compared to female is 1:3 so that pharmaceutical work
requires a high level of accuracy, patience and even in
certain cases also requires logical conformity based on
©Journal of Islamic Pharmacy, an open access journal
Author et al
evidence-based medicine. It can be concluded that
pharmaceutical work that emphasizes accuracy is more
suitable for the female gender. This is supported by data
from the health profile of the province of East Java (2019 )
which states the number of male pharmacists is 690 people
while female pharmacists are 3,096 people.
Based on age, the majority of respondents aged 26-35
years as much as 59%. According to Rahmi (2018) ,
pharmacists who are young or still relatively new. Due to the
age of the respondents, it shows that most of the respondents
are of a productive age and have more interest in choosing a
product.
Based on religion, the majority of respondents are Muslim
as much as 80%. This is in accordance with data from the
Central Statistics Agency for Malang Regency in 2020 which
states that the majority of the population of Malang Regency
is 87% Muslim. In line with this, the majority of patients are
Muslim, although there are non-Muslim pharmacists who at
least know the needs of patients who are Muslim to create
trust and comfort for patients during treatment.
Based on the education of the majority of respondents
with undergraduate education, 92% of the respondents are
pharmacists. This is in accordance with the Regulation of the
Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia in
2016 which states that a pharmacy graduate who has
graduated from pharmacist education and has the right to do
pharmaceutical work. The pharmaceutical work carried out
by pharmacists includes the distribution of pharmaceutical
preparations. Pharmaceutical preparations include medicines,
medicinal ingredients, traditional medicines, and cosmetics
(Permenkes RI, 2016). In line with this, someone who has
graduated as a pharmacist immediately practices in a
pharmacy, hospital or other health service and usually the
age of someone who graduated pharmacist is 24-26 years
old.
Based on the length of work, the majority of respondents
worked for 1-10 years. According to Simajuntak
(1985) which states that a person's tenure can be related to
the experience gained at work. The longer a person works,
the more experience and the higher his knowledge and
skills. Pharmacists who are active in doing pharmaceutical
work and are present every day at the pharmacy practice, the
pharmacist will increasingly know the types of halal drugs
and the types of services needed by patients. In addition,
respondents work in the range of 1-10 years, the average age
is 26-35 years. This means that young pharmacists are more
aware of technology because this study uses the G-Form .
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Table 1 Distribution of Respondents Characteristics

No. Characteristics Total (N) Precentage (%)
1. Gender
Male 32 30
Female 73 70
Total 105 100
2. Age
17-25 Years 13 12
26-35 Years 62 59
36-45 Years 24 23
46-55 Years 6 6
Total 105 100
3. Religion
Islamic 83 80
Chatolic 11 10
Chritian 11 10
Hindu 0 0
Budhist 0 0
Confisius 0 0
Total 105 100
4. Education
S1-Pharmacist 97 92
S2-Pharmacist 8 8
S3-Pharmacist 0 0
Total 105 100
5. Lenght of Working
1-10 Years 81 77
11-20 Years 24 23
21-30 Years 0 0
Total 105 100

3.2 Knowledge pharmaceuticals is 42% with a frequency of 44 respondents,

Pharmacists' knowledge of halal Pharmaceuticals consists
of 5 questions with 4 indicators, first the definition of halal
pharmaceuticals, secondly the composition of drugs that are
forbidden for Muslims, the third alternative to halal
pharmaceuticals and the fourth patient approval of halal
pharmaceuticals. Based on table 2, it can be explained that
the majority of pharmacists' knowledge about halal
namely in the "enough" category. This is different from the
research of Trisnawati and Kusuma (2017) which got the
results of the majority of knowledge in the good category
with a percentage of 96%. This is in accordance with the
literature Wawan (2010), which states that knowledge can be
influenced due to differences in internal factors such as
gender, age and education that are not the same.

Tabel.2 Categories of Pharmacists Knowledge of Halal Drugs

No Score Range Frequency Percentage Category

1 X <2.2 24 23% Less
2 2.2 ≤ X ≤ 4.9 44 42% Enough
5 X > 4.9 37 35% Good
Total 105 100%

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J. Islamic Pharm. [ISSN: 2527-6123] Author et al
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3.3 Attitudes
The attitude of pharmacists towards halal Pharmaceuticals consists of 8 questions with 4 indicators, firstly communicating
to patients about halal pharmaceuticals, secondly educating patients about halal medicinal ingredients, third choosing halal
products in practice and fourth giving advice on buying halal drugs. Based on table 3, it can be explained that the majority of
pharmacists' attitudes towards halal pharmaceuticals are 69% with a frequency of 72 respondents, namely in the "Good"
category. This is similar to Trisnawati and Kusuma's research (2017) which found the majority of knowledge in the good
category with a percentage of 97%. This is because pharmacist awareness of halal pharmaceuticals is very important for the
healing of patients, especially Muslim patients. Attitude has a relationship with aspects of motivation and feelings or
emotions of a person.

Tabel 3. Categories of pharmacist attitudes towards halal pharmaceuticals

Category Total Score Range Frequency Percentage

Good 27 – 32 72 69%
Enough 22 – 26 22 21%
Less 17 – 21 11 10%

3.4 Behavior category. This is similar to the research of Trisnawati and

The behavior of pharmacists towards halal drugs consists
of 7 questions with 4 indicators, the first is the pharmacist's
service to halal drugs, the second is to check the composition
of the drug, the third is to place halal drugs separately and
the fourth is to provide information on the halalness of the
drug. Based on table 4, it can be explained that the majority
of pharmacists' behavior towards halal drugs is 51% with a
frequency of 53 respondents, namely in the "Good"
Kusuma (2017) which obtained the results of the majority of
knowledge in the good category with a percentage of
100%. This is because pharmacist awareness of halal drugs is
very important for the recovery of patients, especially
Muslim patients.
Therefore, consulting services related to halal information
on pharmaceutical preparations are part of the skills that
must be possessed by pharmacists, especially if the practice
is carried out in areas where the majority are Muslims.

Tabel 4. Ctaegories of pharmacist behavior towards halal pharmaceuticals

Category Total Score Range Frequency Percentage

Good 23 – 28 53 51%
Enough 19 – 22 40 38%
Less 15– 18 12 11%

4. Conclusion 3. The description of the behavior of pharmacists in Malang

Based on the research that has been done, it can be
concluded that:
1. The description of the knowledge of pharmacists in
Malang Regency about halal drugs is that most of the
respondents (42%) are in the "Enough" category.
2. The description of the attitude of pharmacists in Malang
Regency towards halal drugs is that most of the
respondents (69%) are in the "Good" category.
Regency towards halal drugs is that most of the
respondents (51%) are in the "Good" category.
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